86 research outputs found
μ΄λμ μν΄ μ λλ νΈμ€κ΅¬μ μ±μμ΄ In vitro μμμ κ·Όμ‘ μ¬μμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : μ¬λ²λν 체μ‘κ΅μ‘κ³Ό, 2023. 2. λ¬Έν¨μ΄.Skeletal muscle forms the largest organ system in the human body and it is essential for generating strength and movement. Skeletal muscle is prone to injury in daily life, including mechanical trauma, heat stress, ischemia, and other pathogenic conditions, but it is uniquely able to adapt and remodel for protection.
The immune system is essential for muscle repair and regeneration. It is important in determining the rate and outcome of the healing process at injury sites. Among immune cells, neutrophils are an important first line of defense in the innate immune system. In the early stages of muscle regeneration, neutrophils initiate a cascade to remove the damaged muscle fibers and secrete cytokines to recruit other immune cells to the injury site. Therefore, controlling neutrophil mobilization and function may be an effective strategy to promote muscle regeneration.
Physical exercise can mediate immune components that successfully control tissue regeneration, including affecting functional changes in neutrophils. Acute moderate- or high- intensity exercise and chronic moderate intensity exercise can improve neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis. To investigate the maturation of neutrophils after 4 weeks of mouse treadmill exercise, we isolated mouse neutrophils from bone marrow and maturation markers were compared. In the exercise group, significantly higher LTF and CXCR2 mRNA levels were identified compared to the sedentary group. Following this, we performed a wound healing assay to evaluate whether treatment with exercise-activated neutrophils is effective for muscle regeneration in vitro. Exercise-activated neutrophils improved wound healing of mouse muscle cells; we further confirmed this at human cell level. For neutrophil-like cells treated with dexamethasone (dex), exercise mimetics had significantly higher LTF, fMLP, and CD11b mRNA levels compared to the control. Furthermore, neutrophil-like cells treated with dex improved wound healing of human muscle cells.
This is the first study showing that exercise affects neutrophil maturation and that exercise-induced neutrophils contribute to muscle regeneration in vitro.골격근μ μΈμ²΄μμ κ°μ₯ ν° κΈ°κ΄κ³λ₯Ό νμ±νλ©° νκ³Ό μμ§μμ μμ±νλ λ° νμμ μ΄λ€. 골격근μ μΌμμνμμ λ°μνλ κΈ°κ³μ μΈμ, μ΄ μ€νΈλ μ€, νν λ° κΈ°ν κ°μΌ μν© λ±μ μν΄ μμλκΈ° μ½μ§λ§ μ΄λ¬ν μ€νΈλ μ€μ λν 보νΈκΈ°μ μΌλ‘ μ€μ€λ‘ μ μνκ³ μ¬νμ±νλ κ³ μ ν λ₯λ ₯μ κ°μ§κ³ μλ€.
λ©΄μ 체κ³λ κ·Όμ‘ ν볡 λ° μ¬μμ νμμ μ΄λ€. λν μμ λΆμ μΉμ κ³Όμ μ μλμ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ²°μ νλ λ° μμ΄μ μ€μνλ€. λ©΄μ μΈν¬ μ€μμ νΈμ€κ΅¬λ μ μ²μ± λ©΄μ체κ³μ μ€μν 첫λ²μ§Έ λ°©μ΄μ μ΄λ€. κ·Όμ‘ μ¬μμ μ΄κΈ° λ¨κ³μμ νΈμ€κ΅¬λ μμλ κ·Όμ‘ μ¬μ λ₯Ό μ κ±°νκ³ μμ λΆμμ λ€λ₯Έ λ©΄μμΈν¬λ₯Ό λμνκΈ° μν΄ μ¬μ΄ν μΉ΄μΈμ λΆλΉνλ€. λ°λΌμ νΈμ€κ΅¬ λμκ³Ό κΈ°λ₯μ μ‘°μ νλ κ²μ κ·Όμ‘ μ¬μμ μ΄μ§νλ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ μ λ΅μ΄ λ μ μλ€.
μ 체 μ΄λμ νΈμ€κ΅¬μ κΈ°λ₯μ λ³νμ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ©° μ‘°μ§ μ¬μμ μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ μ μ΄νλ λ©΄μ κ΅¬μ± μμλ₯Ό μ€μ¬ν μ μλ€. μΌνμ±μ μ€κ°λ λλ κ³ κ°λ μ΄λκ³Ό λ§μ±μ μ€κ°λ μ΄λμ νΈμ€κ΅¬μ μ£Όνμ±κ³Ό μκ· μμ©μ κ°μ ν μ μλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ4μ£Όκ°μ λ§μ°μ€ νΈλ λλ° μ΄λ ν, νΈμ€κ΅¬μ μ±μλλ₯Ό μ‘°μ¬νκΈ° μν΄ κ³¨μμμ νΈμ€κ΅¬λ₯Ό λΆλ¦¬νκ³ μ±μ λ§μ»€λ₯Ό λΉκ΅νλ€. μ΄λ κ·Έλ£Ήμμ LTF λ° CXCR2 mRNA μμ€μ΄ λΉμ΄λ κ·Έλ£Ήμ λΉν΄ μ μνκ² λμ κ²μΌλ‘ νμΈλμλ€. κ·Έ ν, μ΄λμ μν΄ λ³νλ νΈμ€κ΅¬κ° in vitroμμμ κ·Όμ‘ μ¬μμ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈμ§ νκ°νκΈ° μν΄ wound healing assayλ₯Ό μννλ€. μ΄λ μ λ° νΈμ€κ΅¬λ λ§μ°μ€ κ·Όμ‘ μΈν¬μ μμ² μΉμ λ₯Ό μ΄μ§μμΌ°λ€. μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄κ²μ μΈκ° μΈν¬ μμ€μμ μΆκ°λ‘ νμΈνλ€. μ΄λ λͺ¨λ°©μ²΄λ‘ μ€μ ν λ±μ¬λ©νμμΌλ‘ μ²λ¦¬λ νΈμ€κ΅¬ μ μ¬ μΈν¬μ κ²½μ°, λμ‘°κ΅°μ λΉν΄ LTF, fMLP λ° CD11b mRNA μμ€μ΄ μλΉν λμλ€. λν λ±μ¬λ©νμμΌλ‘ μ²λ¦¬λ νΈμ€κ΅¬ μ μ¬ μΈν¬λ μΈκ° κ·Όμ‘ μΈν¬μ μμ² μΉμ λ₯Ό μ΄μ§μμΌ°λ€.
λ°λΌμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μ΄λμ΄ νΈμ€κ΅¬ μ±μμ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉκ³ μ΄λ μ λ° νΈμ€κ΅¬κ° in vitro μμμ κ·Όμ‘ μ¬μμ κΈ°μ¬νλ€λ κ²μ 보μ¬μ£Όλ 첫 λ²μ§Έ μ°κ΅¬μ΄λ€.I. Introduction 6
1. Need for research 6
2. Purpose of research 9
3. Hypotheses 9
II. Study Background 10
1. Skeletal muscle regeneration 10
2. Exercise and immune cells 11
3. Neutrophils 12
3.1 Neutrophils 12
3.2 Neutrophils and muscle regeneration 13
3.3 Neutrophils and exercise 14
III. Materials and Methods 15
1. Cell culture and differentiation 15
2. HL60 differentiation with dexamethasone treatment 16
3. Wound healing assay 16
4. Quantitative PCR analysis 17
5. Animal experiments 19
5.1 Animal care 19
5.2 Treadmill exercise protocol 20
6. Neutrophil isolation 21
7. Statistical analysis 21
IV. Results 22
1. Exercise promotes neutrophil maturation in mice 22
2. Neutrophils from exercised mice enhanced C2C12 wound closure 25
3. Exercise mimetics promotes neutrophil-like cell (dHL-60) maturation 27
4. dHL-60 cells treated with dexamethasone enhance HSMM wound closure 30
V. Discussion 32
VI. Conclusion 36
VII. Reference 37μ
On the correlation of epistemic modality and interrogative
The aims of this paper are to investigate the correlation of epistemic modality and interrogative, and to describe some linguistic phenomena in Korean. 1 recognize that the semantic domain of epistemic modality and that of interrogative have an overlapping part. The meaning of Interrogative can be characterized as to demand an information from hearer' in communicative respect, and can also be characterized as 'to express speaker's ignorance' in modal respect. In Korean, it is observed that epistemic forms like '-ne, -guna, -gun, -damyeonseo(sentence final endings)' sometimes invoke a pseudo-interrogative effect. That's because the epistemic expressions used in the declarative sentences make the sentences to be less informative. I also observe that the meanings of interrogative endings like '-eunga, -eulgga' are apt to be interpreted as epistemic judgement. I think that these are endings of soliloquy, so they are not so much expressing speaker's demand for an information from hearer as expressing the state of speaker's knowledge
(The)Ecophysiology of the cyst-producing marine dinoflagellates in the vicinity of the Saemankeum area, Korea
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ§κ΅¬νκ²½κ³ΌνλΆ ν΄μνμ 곡,2003.Docto
Undaria pinnatifidaμ κ³ μ νμ μ€κΈμ ν‘μ°© 곡μ μ λͺ¨λΈλ§
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :νν곡νκ³Ό,1996.Maste
μνμ¬ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ ν μ μ‘°μμΈμ’ lingulodinium polyedrum(dodge)μ μμκ³Ό μ±μ₯
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :ν΄μνκ³Ό,1998.Maste
μμ¬μ λ³νμ κΈ°μ κ³Ό μ€λͺ μ μμ΄μμ λͺ λ¬Έμ - μν : μ΄νκ· (1995),γκ΅μ΄ νν λ³νμ μ리γ, μλ¨λνκ΅μΆνλΆ, μ κ΅ν, 453λ©΄
νλκ΅μ΄ λ°λ§μ²΄ μ’ κ²°μ΄λ―Έ μ°κ΅¬
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :κ΅μ΄κ΅λ¬Ένκ³Ό κ΅μ΄νμ 곡,1998.Maste
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