13 research outputs found

    A Study on the Consumer's Intention and Influencing Factors for the Review of Fashion Specialized Mall

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ๊น€๋‚œ๋„.This study attempted to understand the intention to write a review from the perspective of the sender at a time when the importance and status of the review are increasing. In addition, in order to understand the intention to write a review, it was intended to consider external factors in the context of the consumer's situation in an atmosphere that emphasized the motivation for writing a review. In addition, by demonstrating to fashion malls, which have recently emerged in commerce and are rapidly increasing reviews, it was intended to actively provide information to consumers in the future and to seek a direction for shopping malls to function more as a place where consumer information is actively shared. In this study, in order to understand the intention to write a review, first, consumers' writing behavior of a review in a fashion mall was examined, and the level of factors related to the consumer's review (writing motivation, perceived value, and mall commitment) was identified. Second, the factors influencing the intention to write reviews in fashion malls were examined, and structural relationships and relative influence were identified. The results of this study are as follows. First, when looking at the writing behavior of the review, most of the writing frequency was focused on once, but there was a difference depending on the fashion mall. As for the types of reviews written, only writing was the most common, followed by writing and photography. The average number of purchases per month was the highest, and the consumption amount was between 50,000 won and 100,000 won. More than 30 minutes were the most spent staying at the shopping mall when visiting. Second, the level of intention to write a review was higher than the average. In addition, among the factors related to the intention to write a review, the level of motivation for writing a review was in the order of economic motivation, social motivation, negative emotion expression motivation, and altruistic motivation. Furthermore, the level perceived by consumers within the shopping mall was higher than the level of functional value, social value, and emotional value, and the level of immersion in the shopping mall was higher than the average. Third, as a result of setting gender, residence, income, number of purchases, and type of use review prepared as control variables and examining the effect of the motivation to write the use review, it positively affected the economic motivation, positive emotion expression motivation, and social motivation in order. Fourth, as a result of setting gender, residence, income, number of purchases, and written reviews as control variables and examining the independent effect of perceived value on shopping mall commitment, all perceived values in shopping malls had a positive (+) effect on shopping mall commitment. Among the perceived values affecting mall commitment, the influence of social values was the greatest, followed by functional and emotional values. This is the same result as previous studies that show that the value perceived by consumers in shopping malls affects shopping mall commitment (Lee Taek-sung, 2015; Choi Ji-hyun and Lee Dae-hwi, 2019; Yoon Sung-wook, 2015; Park Young-bong, 2015). Fifth, as a result of setting gender, residence, income, number of purchases, and type of written reviews as control variables and examining the independent effect of perceived value and mall commitment on the intention to write reviews, all perceived values in shopping malls did not directly affect the intention to write reviews. However, the commitment to the shopping mall positively affected the intention to write a review. Sixth, as a result of examining the mediating effect of shopping mall commitment, the functional value, social value, and emotional value perceived by the shopping mall had a significant effect on the intention to write a review through shopping mall commitment. Specifically, "functional value โ†’ shopping mall commitment โ†’ intention to write a review", "social value โ†’ shopping mall commitment โ†’ intention to write a review", and "emotional value โ†’ shopping mall commitment โ†’ intention to write a review" all found that the complete medium path is significant. In other words, the value perceived by consumers in the shopping mall does not directly affect the intention to write a review, but it has a significant effect on the intention to write a review through the immersion of the shopping mall, so the intention to write a review needs to be considered as an important factor. Based on the results of this study, we intend to provide implications and suggestions as follows. First, among the motives for writing the review of use, economic motivation, social motivation, and positive emotion expression motivation had a significant effect on the intention to write the review of use. This can be interpreted as including both external motives for financial compensation of individual consumers, self-expression, and intrinsic motives for sharing emotions. This suggests that at a time when reviews are important enough to be competitive, companies prioritize economic benefits to encourage reviews, but they should also consider intrinsic motives such as social motives and motivations for expressing positive emotions. Second, altruistic motivation did not significantly affect the intention to write a review of use. However, in this study, the level of social value perceived by consumers in shopping malls was high, and it indirectly affected the intention to write a review of use through the immersion of shopping malls. In order to increase the intention to write a review as an altruistic motive, it seems necessary to recognize that providing information is an action that can help other consumers rather than enhancing the relationship between consumers. Third, in this study, the motivation for expressing negative emotions did not affect the intention to write a review of use. Negative use reviews are more important information because they have a greater influence on consumers than positive use reviews. However, if you do not have a positive attitude toward expressing negative emotions or perceive the possibility of successful compensation through negative reviews, it may not be linked to the intention to write a review. In addition, if the degree of negative emotions caused by services or products is not large, there is an underreporting bias that does not write a review of use. However, this can be a case in which a small number of negative reviews are largely interpreted by creating a distorted picture. Based on this, it suggests that an environment for writing reviews should be established to honestly and easily record even a small amount of negative emotions and obtain compensation. Fourth, this study verified the mediating effect that the value perceived by consumers in shopping malls leads to mall commitment and this leads to the intention to write a review of use. This suggests that in order to understand consumers who voluntarily provide information, it is necessary to understand shopping malls, which are 'places' that provide information. In addition, it is of great significance that consumers can immerse themselves in the shopping mall only when the shopping mall provides a specific value, which makes the consumer an active information provider. This understanding provides implications for providing network utility to consumers as a place where multiple consumers become active information providers and produce various information, so that the review space functions as a place where information and experiences are exchanged. However, this study has the following limitations. First, this study attempted to demonstrate consumers in their 20s and 30s who have experience writing reviews in fashion malls. However, because they did not want to obtain samples, they drew results with a limited number of 205 people and samples biased toward women. In the future, if research is conducted with a large number of samples and assigned samples, persuasive power can be increased. Second, in this study, the perceived value on mall commitment was limited to three values based on previous studies. However, depending on the type of shopping mall, various perceived values such as knowledge value, situational value, and convenience value can be considered. In this study, the perceived value optimized for fashion malls was adopted, but in future studies, the perceived value should be variously considered according to the verified shopping mall. Third, in this study, the survey methodology was selected to demonstrate the intention and influencing factors of the fashion mall's use review. However, a deeper understanding will be possible if it is combined with other methodologies. For example, in this study, sub-factors of motivation for writing reviews were constructed based on previous studies, but if qualitative surveys such as consumer interviews and FGD are added to factorize, practical factors that can affect the intention to write reviews can be constructed more specifically. Fourth, in this study, in order to deeply understand the impact of the environment due to external factors, it was assumed that the specialty mall was the optimal online shopping mall. Therefore, the research was demonstrated only in fashion malls. On top of that, if various Internet shopping malls such as general malls and SNS-type markets are considered together and the differences are analyzed through comparative analysis, the relative location of specialized malls can be identified as external factors. In addition, a comprehensive understanding will be possible by relatively examining the impact of online shopping malls that can affect the reviews.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์‹ ์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ปค๋จธ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ธ‰๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋”์šฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒซ์งธ, ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ(์ž‘์„ฑ๋™๊ธฐ, ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…)์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋ฉด ์ž‘์„ฑ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 1ํšŒ์— ์น˜์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ธ€๋งŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ€๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์›” ํ‰๊ท  ๊ตฌ๋งคํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” 1ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ 5๋งŒ์› ์ด์ƒ ~ 10๋งŒ์› ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์‹œ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 30๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ค‘ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ๋ถ€์ •๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋™๊ธฐ, ๊ธˆ์ •๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋™๊ธฐ, ์ดํƒ€์  ๋™๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์ •์„œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž… ์ˆ˜์ค€๋„ ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€, ์†Œ๋“, ๊ตฌ๋งค ํšŸ์ˆ˜, ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋™๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ๊ธ์ •๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋™๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ •(+)์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€, ์†Œ๋“, ๊ตฌ๋งค ํšŸ์ˆ˜, ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์ •(+)์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ค‘ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์ •์„œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€, ์†Œ๋“, ๊ตฌ๋งค ํšŸ์ˆ˜, ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์€ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์ •(+)์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์ •์„œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ '๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž… โ†’ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„', '์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž… โ†’ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„', '์ •์„œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž… โ†’ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„' ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„์ „๋งค๊ฐœ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋™๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ๊ธ์ •๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™ธ์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์ž์•„ ํ‘œํ˜„, ๊ฐ์ • ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด ๋  ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ๊ธ์ •๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ดํƒ€์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํƒ€์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ์จ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ ์„ฑ๊ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋‚˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณผ์†Œ๋ณด๊ณ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋ผ๋„ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์–ป๋„๋ก ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” '์žฅ'์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค˜์•ผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๊ตํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํšจ์šฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์— ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 2030 ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 205๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ํŽธํ–ฅ๋œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๊ณผ ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ํ‘œ์ง‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์‹์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ํŽธ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„  ์‹ค์ฆ๋˜๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ์‹ค์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ, FGD ๋“ฑ ์ •์„ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ด ์š”์ธํ™” ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ํŒจ์…˜์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ชฐ, SNSํ˜• ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋ฉฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 4 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ 4 1. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌ์ „ ๊ฐœ๋… 4 2. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌ์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 3. ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋… 8 4. ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 10 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 13 1. ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 13 2. ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์š”์ธ 15 3. ์™ธ์žฌ์  ์š”์ธ 17 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ 21 1. ์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 21 2. ์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ 22 3. ์ „๋ฌธ๋ชฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 23 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 26 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 26 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 26 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 27 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 29 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 4. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ 30 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 34 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 36 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–‰ํƒœ 36 1. ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋นˆ๋„ 36 2. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ์ด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ 37 3. ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 39 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 44 1. ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 44 2. ์™ธ์žฌ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 46 3. ์ด์šฉํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ถ„์„ 48 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 51 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  51 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 54 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 57 ๋ถ€๋ก-์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 65 Abstract 73์„

    ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์ด ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ „

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    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and inappropriate inflammatory response of the gastrointestinal tract. Succinate, well known as a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, increases in the inflammatory lesion of IBD patients. Succinate can act as a signaling ligand binding to succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1). Macrophage is an important innate cell of immunopathology in autoimmune diseases such as IBD because intestinal macrophage promotes or inhibits IBD pathogenesis according to M1 and M2 polarized phenotype. Macrophage can be divided into two phenotypes, M1 and M2. It is known that M1 macrophage makes proโ€inflammatory cytokine that can induce inflammation, and M2 macrophage makes antiโ€inflammation cytokine that can promote wound healing. We found that Sucnr1โ€deficient mice were protected against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)โ€induced colitis compared to wild type mice. Administration of DSS to Sucnr1โ€deficient mice showed the attenuated a loss of body weight, a shortening in colon length, and an increase of the disease activity index. Moreover, boneโ€marrowโ€derived macrophages from Sucnr1โ€deficient mice showed lower proโ€inflammatory markers. On the other hand, macrophages treated with succinate showed the characteristic of antiโ€inflammatory macrophages with increased CD206. This is consistent with the alleviation of DSSโ€induced colitis in recipient mice receiving macrophages from succinate pretreatment peritoneal cavity cells (PCCs) during transfer experiments. Transfer of peritoneal cavity macrophage was conducted to determine the difference of the macrophageโ€™s role between WT and Sucnr1โ€deficient. These conflicting results may be due to the complex network of the immune system, and further research is needed depending on the cell types. The results of the microarray showed that some genes related to the immune mechanism were downregulated. It would be valuable to study the relationship between immune cells and Sucnr1 as a further study. Therefore, I propose that SUCNR1 signaling exacerbates colitis in the DSSโ€induced colitis model, and SUCNR1 might be a potential target for IBD treatment. ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋‚˜ ์ ๋ง‰์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ฒด์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๊ฐ„๋“œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‚ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธ์ž์ด๊ธฐ์—, ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ, ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด SUCNR1 ์ „์‹  ๊ฒฐ์† ์ฅ์—์„œ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)๋กœ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ SUCNR1์ด ๊ฒฐ์†๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ, ๋Œ€์žฅ ๊ธธ์ด ์งง์•„์ง, ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์™„ํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๋Š” CD206์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณต๊ฐ• ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹ ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ, ๋ณต๊ฐ•์— ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ณต์—ฌ ์ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ์ฅ์—์„œ DSS ์œ ๋„ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธํฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์†ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ์ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜๋‹ค.open์„

    Modified-TiO2 Photocatalytic Systems for Enhancing Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency and Visible Light Reactivity

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    Doctor๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค (CNC ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ํƒ„์†Œ ๋„ํ•‘, ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กค์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ์‘)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด TiO2๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์งˆ์‹œ์ผœ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ •ํ™” ๋ฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ด์šฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ค‘์—์„œ TiO2 ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ๋„์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ (Advanced remediation and treatment technology)๊ฐ€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ด‘ํšจ์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์ ์šฉ์— ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” TiO2์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐœ์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์™ธ์„ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TiO2 ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ „๋„๋Œ€ (conduction band)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „์ž ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์œจ์†๋‹จ๊ณ„ (Rate determing step)์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ „๋„๋Œ€ ์ „์ž ์ „๋‹ฌ (Conduction band electron transfer)์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด (Electron mediator ํ˜น์€ shuttle)๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นด๋ณธ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝœ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(CNC)๋ฅผ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด CNC๋ฅผ TiO2์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‹œ์ผœ UV์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. CNC ์ž…์ž๋“ค์€ TiO2์™€ ์„ž์—ฌ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ CNC ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์–‡์€ ํ•„๋ฆ„ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ TiO2 ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์‚ฐํ™”, ํ™˜์› ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด CNC/TiO2๊ฐ€ TiO2๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ด‘ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” CNC์™€ TiO2์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ „์ž-์ •๊ณต ์Œ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜, ์ „์ž-์ •๊ณต ์Œ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. CNC์˜ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์ €์žฅ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 3์žฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ํ•‘๋œ TiO2๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด (precursor) ์—†์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์กธ-๊ฒ” (sol-gel)๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„ํ•‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Ti์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ธ titanium alkoxide์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์นด๋ณธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋„ํ•‘์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜จ๋„์กฐ์ ˆ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์นด๋ณธ์€ ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ฐญ(mid gap) ์ „์ž ์ค€์œ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์นด๋ณธ์ด ๋„ํ•‘๋œ TiO2๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ sol-gel ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ TiO2 ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ค‘์— ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ (surface-complex charge transfer) ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กค(fullerol)๋กœ ๊ฐœ์งˆ๋œ TiO2๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฐ(fullerene)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฐœ์งˆ๋œ TiO2์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กค์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๊ธฐ์™€ TiO2 ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กค์˜ HOMO ์˜ค๋น„ํƒˆ์—์„œ TiO2์˜ ์ „๋„๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค ๋ฐ˜์‘์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. 5์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ์‘ TiO2 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฃจํ…Œ๋Š„(Ru)-๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ์‘ TiO2 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ธฐ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๋Š” Ru๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ท€๊ธˆ์†์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์งˆ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๋Š” Ru-๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ํก๊ด‘๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, TiO2์— ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํก์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ด‘ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ pH์—์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ •ํ™” ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์ €์žฅ, ๋ถ€์‹ ๋ฐฉ์ง€, ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์‹œ๋„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค๊ฐ€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง ์‹ค์šฉํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋˜์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค

    Recent Studies on Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO2

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    This work is a short review of recent studies on photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 is a light-driven CO2 reduction, which harnesses solar energy to convert CO2 into higher-energy products (e.g., liquid fuels). Studies on photoelectrochemical cell have mainly focused on photoelectrochemical H2 production via water splitting, but, recently, photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 have been actively investigated as a part of the artificial photosynthesis studies. In this short review, the recent literature on photoelectrochemical reductions of CO2 is reviewed. Various photoanode and photocathode materials are compared and different approaches to enhancing solar-to-fuel efficiency and selectivity of target product are described.FALS

    ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์ด ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ „

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    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and inappropriate inflammatory response of the gastrointestinal tract. Succinate, well known as a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, increases in the inflammatory lesion of IBD patients. Succinate can act as a signaling ligand binding to succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1). Macrophage is an important innate cell of immunopathology in autoimmune diseases such as IBD because intestinal macrophage promotes or inhibits IBD pathogenesis according to M1 and M2 polarized phenotype. Macrophage can be divided into two phenotypes, M1 and M2. It is known that M1 macrophage makes proโ€inflammatory cytokine that can induce inflammation, and M2 macrophage makes antiโ€inflammation cytokine that can promote wound healing. We found that Sucnr1โ€deficient mice were protected against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)โ€induced colitis compared to wild type mice. Administration of DSS to Sucnr1โ€deficient mice showed the attenuated a loss of body weight, a shortening in colon length, and an increase of the disease activity index. Moreover, boneโ€marrowโ€derived macrophages from Sucnr1โ€deficient mice showed lower proโ€inflammatory markers. On the other hand, macrophages treated with succinate showed the characteristic of antiโ€inflammatory macrophages with increased CD206. This is consistent with the alleviation of DSSโ€induced colitis in recipient mice receiving macrophages from succinate pretreatment peritoneal cavity cells (PCCs) during transfer experiments. Transfer of peritoneal cavity macrophage was conducted to determine the difference of the macrophageโ€™s role between WT and Sucnr1โ€deficient. These conflicting results may be due to the complex network of the immune system, and further research is needed depending on the cell types. The results of the microarray showed that some genes related to the immune mechanism were downregulated. It would be valuable to study the relationship between immune cells and Sucnr1 as a further study. Therefore, I propose that SUCNR1 signaling exacerbates colitis in the DSSโ€induced colitis model, and SUCNR1 might be a potential target for IBD treatment. ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋‚˜ ์ ๋ง‰์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ฒด์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๊ฐ„๋“œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‚ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธ์ž์ด๊ธฐ์—, ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ, ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด SUCNR1 ์ „์‹  ๊ฒฐ์† ์ฅ์—์„œ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)๋กœ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ SUCNR1์ด ๊ฒฐ์†๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ, ๋Œ€์žฅ ๊ธธ์ด ์งง์•„์ง, ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์™„ํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๋Š” CD206์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณต๊ฐ• ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹ ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ, ๋ณต๊ฐ•์— ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ณต์—ฌ ์ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ์ฅ์—์„œ DSS ์œ ๋„ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธํฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์†ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ์ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆ™์‹ ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜๋‹ค.open์„

    Active material for Anode, And Lithium Ion Secondary Battery and Lithium Ion Capacitor including the Same

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    ๋ณธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ์ผ ์‹ค์‹œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜•, ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ํ˜• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ „์ง€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘๊ฐ์‘ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ๊ทน ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช… ์ „๋„์„ฑ ๊ธฐํŒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํˆฌ๋ช… ์ „๋„์„ฑ ๊ธฐํŒ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ๋ช… ์ „๋„์„ฑ ๊ธฐํŒ ์ƒ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ๊ทน ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธต์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์ด์˜จ 2์ฐจ ์ „์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์ด์˜จ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์ค‘์— ์Œ๊ทน์— ๋น›์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œ ๊ด‘์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    ้›ป็€ๆณ•ใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸ้‡‘ๅฑž้…ธๅŒ–็‰ฉใŒๆ‹…ๆŒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณใƒŠใƒŽใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใƒผ้›ปๆฅตใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ๅŠใณใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ่ฒฏ่”ต่ฃ…็ฝฎๅŠใณใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ฟ(Productionmethodofametaloxidesupportedcarbonnanofiberelectrodeusingelectrodepositionmethod,andanenergystoragedeviceandafilterusingthesame)

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    ใ€์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ1ใ€‘ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„; ์ƒ๊ธฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„; ์ƒ๊ธฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ „์ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด์— ํ‡ด์ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„;๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ์ƒ์— ์ „์ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์† ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์ธต์„ ์ „์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค ๋‹จ๊ณ„;๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ธˆ์† ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ด์ง€๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ  ์ „๊ทน ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
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