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    Regional Differences of the Financial Market in Korea - An Examination of the Existence of Regional Financial Markets -

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธˆ์œต์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์ธ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธˆ์œต์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์ธ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ถŒ์ธ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๊ถŒ ๋Œ€๊ตฌยท๊ฒฝ๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ํ•˜์—์„œ, ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ‹€์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ํ•˜์—์„œ, CD ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋Š” ใ€Ž๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜์ง€์—ญ์ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑใ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ ๊ท ํ˜• ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฉ”์นด๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ใ€Ž์ง€์—ญ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅใ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์กฐ์ž‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ (1)์™„์ „ํ†ตํ•ฉํ˜•,(2)์ด์ž์œจ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œํ˜•, (3)์‹ ์šฉํ• ๋‹นํ˜•, (4)์ด์ž์œจ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ์‹ ์šฉํ• ๋‹น ๋™์‹œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ˜• ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ (1)์ด์ž์œจ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ, (2)์‹ ์šฉํ• ๋‹น, (3)์ž๊ธˆ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ (1)์ด์ž์œจ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ, (2)์‹ ์šฉํ• ๋‹น์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. The purpose of this study are , first, to examine the presence of the regional differences of the financial market in Korea especially focusing on those between Seoul and the other regions, and second, to elucidate the existence and characteristics of regional financial markets segmented from the national financial market by way of analyzing factors and channels to generate them. Seoul and the Taegu Area, which includes the City of Taegu and its surrounding Kyoungbuk Province, have been selected as sample areas representing financial core and periphery, respectively. In order to accomplish these purposes, a review of the related literature has been made, and a theoretical framework for the study has been built. Some operational definitions have been made (1)the concept of ~ regional differences of financial marketd) has been adopted as being broadly applied to the cases that regional differences occur in the indicators which represent financial market equilibrium, (2)the concept of ~ regional financial market.J] has been defined as being applied to the cases that the mechanism of determining financial market equilibrium exists endogenously in the subnational boundaฮท. As the criteria to test the existence and characteristics of regional financial market, altemative models of regional financial market have been reviewed. These are classified into (1)perfect integration type, (2)interest spread type, (3)credit rationing type, (4)interest spread-credit rationing-jointed type. From these, (1)interest spread, (2)credit rationing, (3)degree of funds concentration have been adopted as the criteria to elucidate the presence of the regional differences of financial market in Korea, and again the first two have been adopted as the criteria to elucidate the existence and characteristics of regional financial market

    ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ ฅ ์ œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‹ค์ž ์œ ๋„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋™์  ์ง„๋™์ œ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1995.Maste

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    cAMP/MITF-M ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๊ทผ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์ •์ง„ํ˜ธ.๋ฐฑ๋ชจ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฐœ ๋…ธํ™” ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋‚ญ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฑ๋ชจ ์ง„ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ธ์ž์ธ MITF-M์€ ๋ชจ๋‚ญ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด, ์ฆ์‹, ์ด๋™๊ณผ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฑ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ธ cAMP/MITF-M ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ melan-a ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” melanin์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ดˆ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ธ์ž์ธ cAMP ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ธ์ž์™€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ cAMP/MITF-M ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ zebrafish์™€ ์ž์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด MITFvit/vit ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐˆ๊ทผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ“จ์—๋ผ๋ฆฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด cAMP ์–‘์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ MITF ์ „์‚ฌ์ธ์ž์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐˆ๊ทผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ“จ์—๋ผ๋ฆฐ์€ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ด๋กœ์‹ ๋„ค์ด์ฆˆ์™€ TRP-2 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ Bcl-2 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐˆ๊ทผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ“จ์—๋ผ๋ฆฐ์„ zebrafish์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ, 1-phenyl-2-thiourea ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํƒˆ์ƒ‰๋œ ์‹ ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋“ฑ์ชฝ ํ„ธ์ด ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋ฐ˜์ฆ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค(MITFvit/vit mice)๋ฅผ ์ œ๋ชจํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐฑ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•œ ์‹œํ‚จ ์‹คํ—˜๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐˆ๊ทผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ“จ์—๋ผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋„ํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฑ๋ชจํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ €ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐˆ๊ทผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ“จ์—๋ผ๋ฆฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์˜ cAMP/ MITF-M ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Introduction: Gray hair is the most typical symptom of hair aging and follicular melanocyte plays important role in hair graying. MITF-M is a crucial transcription factor regulating the survival, proliferation, migration and melanin synthesis in follicular melanocyte. This study aimed to find novel natural materials which can suppress hair graying via regulating cAMP/MITF-M signaling pathway. Methods: To find active materials for hair graying, we observed the melanin and cAMP synthesis in cultured melanocytes. We also examined the melanogenesis activity with newly constructed luciferase reporter system and western blot for monitoring cAMP/MITF-M signaling. Then, the melanin synthesis and anti-hair graying effect were elucidated with zebrafish and MITFvit/vit mice. Results: The extract of Pueraria thunbergiana (PT extract) and its active compound, puerarin were found to up-regulate MITF transcription via increasing intracellular cAMP level. Furthermore, the PT extract and puerarin stimulated the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-2 and Bcl-2 proteins resulting the melanin synthesis and survival of melanocytes. The treatment of PT extract and puerarin on zebrafish treated with by 1-phenyl-2-thiourea and chronologically gray-haired MITFvit/vit mice recovered the pigmentation in two hypo-pigmentation models. Conclusion: The PT extract and puerarin stimulate the melanogenesis via cAMP/ MITF-M signaling pathway in vitro, and they can prevent the follicular depigmentation and vitiligo by stimulating the melanin synthesis.CONTENTS ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------i LIST OF FIGURES------------------------------------- iii CONTENTS--------------------------------------------v INTRODUCTION----------------------------------------1 MATERIALS AND METHODS---------------------------10 RESULTS---------------------------------------------15 DISCUSSION------------------------------------------29 REFERENCE------------------------------------------34 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก----------------------------------------------40 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฌธ------------------------------------------------42Docto

    Regional diferences of the financial market in Korea : an examination of the existence of regional financial markets

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Docto
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