9 research outputs found

    ์ง€ํ•˜ ์˜์ƒํ™” ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ์กฐํฌ์ฐฌ.Recently, the application of nanoparticles to petroleum engineering has received significant research attention. Two important considerable factors in nanoparticle-aided petroleum engineering are the cost of nanoparticle synthesis and dispersion stability of nanoparticles under harsh subsurface conditions like high salinity. In this thesis, a process for the synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONPs) for subsurface imaging that addresses these two factors is discussed. The SPIONPs are synthesized from steelwork byproducts during the pickling process. Using steelwork byproducts as a rich source of iron ions, high-quality SPIONPs are synthesized by co-precipitation methods. A functionalization method was developed wherein SPIONPs exhibit a stable dispersion in concentrated brine. Functionalizing SPIONPs with conventional polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyacrylic acid (PAA) renders the stable dispersion of SPIONPs extremely difficult under high salinity. However, by functionalizing SPIONPs with sulfonated phenolic resin (SPR), a stable dispersion in 5 wt% NaCl solution at neutral to basic pH is achieved. SPR can be synthesized by mixing and heating 4-hydroxy benzene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde at a molar ratio of 1:1. Subsequently, by co-precipitating SPIONPs in an SPR solution, a one-pot synthesis/functionalization of SPIONPs is achieved. Furthermore, to improve the stability in acidic medium, the SPR shell stability is crosslinked with PVA. Consequently, a stable dispersion in 5 wt% NaCl solution under acidic conditions is achievable. Furthermore, from the crosslinking, the SPIONPs showed an enhanced dispersion stability in the presence of divalent cations such as calcium ions. Further, detailed characterizations of synthesized nanoparticles are conducted using size distribution analysis, zeta potential measurements, TEM imaging, EDS mapping, vibrating sample magnetometer analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. In summary, a synthesis process of SPIONPs is developed, which is applicable to subsurface imaging in oil well development; this was achieved by: (i) synthesizing SPIONPs from low-cost ingredients such as the byproducts from steelworks processes, (ii) utilizing low-cost polymers for functionalization of the nanoparticles, and (iii) mixing as well as heating reagents without using complicated processes.์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์„์œ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์„์œ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋“ค์€ ๋†’์€ ์—ผ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ์œ ์ •์˜ ๊ทนํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ง€ํ•˜ ์œ ์ •์˜ ์˜์ƒํ™”์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ  ์ด์˜จ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณต์นจ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์—ผ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝœ (PEG), ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”์ด๋‹์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ (PVA), ํด๋ฆฌ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด์‚ฐ (PAA)๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์—ผ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ ํฐํ™”๋œ ํŽ˜๋†€ ๋ ˆ์ง„ (SPR)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘์„ฑ~์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ pH์—์„œ 5 wt% ์—ผํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. SPR์€ 4-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ ๋ฒค์   ์ˆ ํฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํผ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ 1:1 ๋ชฐ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ SPR ์šฉ์•ก ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ณต์นจ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ์–ด ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ SPR ์ฝ”ํŒ…์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด PVA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ต๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊ต๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ 5 wt% ์—ผํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ต๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ/ํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ž…๋„๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ถ„์„, ์ œํƒ€์ „์œ„ ์ธก์ •, ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ X์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘๋ถ„์„, ์ง„๋™์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์žํ™”์œจ ์ธก์ •, ์—ด ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์œ ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์˜์ƒํ™”์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ƒ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณต์ •์ด (i) ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, (ii) ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ์™€ (iii) ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ • ์—†์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ, ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Nanotechnology and the Petroleum Industry 1 1.1.1. Oil Field Exploration and Development 4 1.1.2. Oil Well Stimulation and Production 6 1.1.3. Enhanced Oil Recovery 8 1.1.4. Produced Fields Processing 11 1.2. Thesis Research Objectives 12 1.3. Synopsis of Thesis 14 Chapter 2. Research Background 15 2.1. Recycling of Pickling Solution from Steelworks Process 15 2.2. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 17 2.2.1. Magnetism and Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 17 2.2.2. Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 20 2.3. Particle Dispersion Theory 26 2.4. Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 29 2.4.1. Functionalization by Small Organic Molecules 30 2.4.2. Functionalization by Polymers 33 2.4.3. Functionalization by Inorganic Materials 35 Chapter 3. Materials and Methods 39 3.1. Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Steelworks Byproducts 40 3.2. Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Several Polymers 43 3.3. Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Sulfonated Phenolic Resin 46 3.4. Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Crosslinked Shell of SPR and PVA 49 3.5. Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthesized Nanoparticles 51 Chapter 4. Results and Discussion 54 4.1. Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Steelworks Byproducts 54 4.2. Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Several Polymers 63 4.3. Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Sulfonated Phenolic Resin 66 4.4. Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Crosslinked Shells of SPR and PVA 81 4.5. Discussions and Further Studies 92 Chapter 5. Conclusions 95 References 98 Appendix 119 A. 1. van der Waals Interaction 119 A. 2. Electrostatic Interaction 125 ์ดˆ ๋ก 131Docto

    Notched Strength of Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates Containing Circular Hole

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    Workload Balancing on Agents for Business Process Efficiency based on Stochastic Model

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    BPM(Business Process Management)์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—…๋ฌด์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ช…์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” BPM์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๋ช…์„ธ์™€ ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ œ์•ฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌดํ‘œ์œจ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ€์—ฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. BPM ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ–‰๋ ฌ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ–‰๋ ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด๋ช…์„ธ์™€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์™€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ƒ์˜ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ํŠน์ •๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ R01-2002-000-00155-0)์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ
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