Enhancement of Total Lipid with FAMEs Compositions of Tetraselmis sp. YH by Modified Media using Organic and Inorganic Alternatives

The aim of this study is to enhance the total lipid with FAMEs compositions of Tetraselmis sp. YH using by modified media using organic and inorganic alternatives. The following culture experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic alternatives: each experimental group was made from modified Guillards f/2 medium with mud extract (ME) by autoclave and organic fertilizer (OF). Furthermore, A- to D-group (except control) was divided by concentrations of organic and inorganic alternatives in the laboratory photobioreactor culture system (10-days culture). Then analyzed total lipid and FAMEs compositions using AOAC and GC/MS methods, respectively. In an experiment using organic alternative, biomass production (0.45±0.03 g/L) of A-group experiment (a ratio of f/2:OF=3:1) was higher than that of control-group (0.38±0.02 g/L). Especially, the total lipid of A-group was 14.1±0.2%, and FAMEs compositions were recorded to 53.61 mg/g. In an experiment using inorganic alternative, biomass production (0.49±0.05 g/L) of C-group (a ratio of f/2:ME=7:1) was higher than that of control-group (0.30±0.01 g/L) while total lipid and FAMEs contents were 11.7±0.1% and 67.38 mg/g, respectively. In an experiment using the cocktail of organic and inorganic alternatives, biomass production (0.66±0.03 g/L) of D-group (a ratio of f/2:OF:ME=8:1:7) was highest than that of control-group (0.44±0.04 g/L). Parf organic and inorganic alternatives: each experimental group was made from modified Guillards f/2 medium with mud extract (ME) by autoclave and organic fertilizer (OF). Furthermore, A- to D-group (except control) was divided by concentrations of organic and inorganic alternatives in the laboratory photobioreactor culture system (10-days culture). Then analyzed total lipid and FAMEs compositions using AOAC and GC/MS methods, respectively. In an experiment using organic alternative, biomass production (0.45±0.03 g/L) of A-group experiment (a ratio of f/2:OF=3:1) was higher than that of control-group (0.38±0.02 g/L). Especially, the total lipid of A-group was 14.1±0.2%, and FAMEs compositions were recorded to 53.61 mg/g. In an experiment using inorganic alternative, biomass production (0.49±0.05 g/L) of C-group (a ratio of f/2:ME=7:1) was higher than that of control-group (0.30±0.01 g/L) while total lipid and FAMEs contents were 11.7±0.1% and 67.38 mg/g, respectively. In an experiment using the cocktail of organic and inorganic alternatives, biomass production (0.66±0.03 g/L) of D-group (a ratio of f/2:OF:ME=8:1:7) was highest than that of control-group (0.44±0.04 g/L). Par1

Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating virus infectious disease comprising fucoxanthin

본 발명은 푸코잔틴이 바이러스, 특히 지카 바이러스 또는 코로나 바이러스에 대한 억제 활성이 우수한 것 을 확인하여 푸코잔틴을 유효성분으로 포함하는 지카 바이러스 또는 코로나 바이러스 감염증의 예방, 개 선 또는 치료용 조성물로 응용하고자 한다

Protective effect of Bis (3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether against LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages through ROS-mediated ERK signaling pathway

Inflammation is a pathophysiological defense response against various factors for maintaining homeostasis in the body. However, when continued excessive inflammation becomes chronic, various chronic diseases can develop. Therefore, effective treatment before chronic inflammation development is essential. Bis (3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (BBDE, C14H12Br2O5) is a novel bromophenol isolated from the red alga Polysiphonia morrowii. The beneficial physiological functions of various bromophenols are known, but whether BBDE has beneficial physiological functions is unknown. Therefore, we first investigated whether BBDE exerts any anti-inflammatory effect. We demonstrated that BBDE inhibits inflammation by reducing inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, iNOS, COX2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6), in LPS-induced macrophage cells. To examine the mechanism of action by which BBDE inhibits inflammation, we confirmed its effect on signal transduction and ROS generation. BBDE selectively inhibited ERK phosphorylation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Moreover BBDE suppressed LPS-induced ROS generation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Inhibition of LPS-induced ROS generation by BBDE also caused ERK inactivation and an inflammatory reaction. Therefore, BBDE inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the ROS-mediated ERK1

Enhancement of lipid content with FAMEs composition for biodiesel production from marine microalga (Tetraselmis sp.) in different culture regimes

Recently, microalgae are mostly highlighted in the field of fuel production as third-generation of biofuels [1]. For harvesting large amount of FAMEs from microalgae, we should be assessed how the culture conditions are very effective to increase its growth with net volume of conversable fatty acids because microalgae are directly affected its own lipid synthesis by different culture conditions. The aim of this study is to enhance the lipid content with FAMEs composition of Tetraselmis sp. Ganghwa KCTC 12236BP under different regimes of f/2 medium for a month cultures in the laboratory and 20 ton-scaled outdoor culture system, and then the FAMEs and lipid contents were analyzed using GC/MS and AOAC method, respectively [2]. In the Lab-culture experiments, FAMEs of Tetraselmis sp. was estimated 93.4±0.2%, 92.4±0.5% and 88.3±0.6% under the different regimes of f/2 medium, f medium, f*1.5 medium, respectively. Especially, the average biomass of the strain in f medium (two-fold concentration of f/2 medium) was peaked up to 1.6±0.1 g/L and 18.6±0.1 g/m2/d in the laboratory and outdoor culture condition, respectively. Daily lipid productivity (PLV) of the f medium from outdoor culture (0.34±0.08 g/L/d) was slightly higher than that of f*1.5 medium (0.32±0.02 g/L/d) and then the FAMEs composition of the strain was stable at the range of 87.9-89.6% for a month cultures period. Specifically, 20 ton-scaled outdoor cultucrease its growth with net volume of conversable fatty acids because microalgae are directly affected its own lipid synthesis by different culture conditions. The aim of this study is to enhance the lipid content with FAMEs composition of Tetraselmis sp. Ganghwa KCTC 12236BP under different regimes of f/2 medium for a month cultures in the laboratory and 20 ton-scaled outdoor culture system, and then the FAMEs and lipid contents were analyzed using GC/MS and AOAC method, respectively [2]. In the Lab-culture experiments, FAMEs of Tetraselmis sp. was estimated 93.4±0.2%, 92.4±0.5% and 88.3±0.6% under the different regimes of f/2 medium, f medium, f*1.5 medium, respectively. Especially, the average biomass of the strain in f medium (two-fold concentration of f/2 medium) was peaked up to 1.6±0.1 g/L and 18.6±0.1 g/m2/d in the laboratory and outdoor culture condition, respectively. Daily lipid productivity (PLV) of the f medium from outdoor culture (0.34±0.08 g/L/d) was slightly higher than that of f*1.5 medium (0.32±0.02 g/L/d) and then the FAMEs composition of the strain was stable at the range of 87.9-89.6% for a month cultures period. Specifically, 20 ton-scaled outdoor cultu2

In vitro study on Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima extract as a fetal bovine serum-substituted HeLa cell culture medium

The HeLa cell lines are widely important for the research area of cell biology, cancer, virus propagation, biosynthesis and anti-tumor mechanism research as a tumor model. For culturing these cells, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is generally used as a main serum supplement. However, there are several problems with the use of FBS such as high cost, unclear components, and unstable supply. In addition, ethical concerns were raised during the upstream process for manufacturing FBS though the serum is important in the field of worldwide cell industry. For this reason, searching for serum alternatives and development of serum-free media has been attracting global attention. In this study, the possibility of cell culture medium as FBS substitute using Spirulina maxima extract (SE) was validated. To evaluate the possibility of FBS alternatives using SE, we manufactured different serums of 4 groups such as [10% FBS], [5% FBS/5% SE], [3% FBS/7% SE], and [1% FBS/9% SE] according to the medium ratio of FBS to SE in HeLa cell line. Cell viability, morphology, protein expression pattern, cell cycle analysis, and apoptotic analysis were analyzed for identifying cell conditions affecting by concentrations of SE-based substitute medium. In the results, two groups were not showed significantly differences compared with control group of [10% FBS] in HeLa cell lines without the group of [1% FBS/9% SE]. From the results of this study, S. maxima extract could be an affordable solution for the FBS-alternated growth medium of the HeLa cell lines.2

ENHANCEMENT OF THE PRODUCTION OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (EPA) AND FATTY ACID FROM MARINE GREEN MICROALGAE CULTURED IN F/2 MEDIA WITH THE DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS

Numerous researches on essential fatty acids (EFAs) with related topics have been focused on human health improvement in worldwide. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) has been known to use as a functional and pharmaceutical supplementary food and to modulate of cholesterol-lowering that contribute to prevent angiostenosis [1]. Marine green microalgae contain large quantities of EPA [2], these microalgae are then considered as an industrial source in many countries. This study aimed to enhance the production of EPA and EFAs in two marine green microalgae (Tetraselmis sp. Ganghwa KCTC 12236BP and Dunaliella tertiolecta UTEX LB999) cultured in modified Guillards f/2 media (f/2, f and f*1.5 media) with the different media concentrations for 14-days in the laboratory. Furthermore, biomass and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were measured and analyzed using AOAC method [3] and GC/MS, respectively. Final biomass of Tetraselmis sp. (0.87±0.07 g/L) was higher than that of D. tertiolecta (0.63±0.03 g/L) cultured in f*1.5 medium. In this medium, Tetraselmis sp. can be grown fast during initial incubation period (2&#8211 6 days) while the cells contain enhanced concentration of EPA (2.5% to 5.2%) but the concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) are decreased (93.4% to 88.3%). EPA from D. tertiolecta was lower than that of Tetraselmis sp. while EFA (linoleic acid, etc.) are increased (89.0% to 93.0%). f*1.5food and to modulate of cholesterol-lowering that contribute to prevent angiostenosis [1]. Marine green microalgae contain large quantities of EPA [2], these microalgae are then considered as an industrial source in many countries. This study aimed to enhance the production of EPA and EFAs in two marine green microalgae (Tetraselmis sp. Ganghwa KCTC 12236BP and Dunaliella tertiolecta UTEX LB999) cultured in modified Guillards f/2 media (f/2, f and f*1.5 media) with the different media concentrations for 14-days in the laboratory. Furthermore, biomass and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were measured and analyzed using AOAC method [3] and GC/MS, respectively. Final biomass of Tetraselmis sp. (0.87±0.07 g/L) was higher than that of D. tertiolecta (0.63±0.03 g/L) cultured in f*1.5 medium. In this medium, Tetraselmis sp. can be grown fast during initial incubation period (2&#8211 6 days) while the cells contain enhanced concentration of EPA (2.5% to 5.2%) but the concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) are decreased (93.4% to 88.3%). EPA from D. tertiolecta was lower than that of Tetraselmis sp. while EFA (linoleic acid, etc.) are increased (89.0% to 93.0%). f*1.51

Saringosterol acetate suppressed hepatocelluar carcinoma growth and metastasis in a zebrafish xenograft model

Saringosterol acetate (SSA) can be isolated from an edible brown alga, Hizikia fusiforme. In this study, we developed an adult zebrafish human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft model to confirm our previous finding that SSA inhibitstumor growth and metastasis. The zebrafish is one of the most widely used model organisms for drug discovery, molecular genetics, and the screening of human diseases. Established Hep3B cells labeled with the fluorescent tracker CM-Dil werexenografted into the abdominal cavities of zebrafish once every three days for one month. Compared with the control group, the fish injected with Hep3B showed a significant increase in α-fetoprotein (AFP) and factors related to tumor growth and metastasis (IL-6, TNF-α, TGFβ, MMP2, and MMP9). Using the zebrafish xenograft model, we then showed that SSA affected survival rate, AFP production, and the levels of factors related to tumor growth and metastasis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGFβ/Smad pathways. In conclusion, this HCC model can be used for in vivo experiments to investigate the inhibition of cancer, and SSA isolated from H. fusiforme may be useful for the treatment of cancer.1

Anti-cancer effect of Tuberatolide B in MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of ROS and inhibition of STAT3 pathway

Tuberatolide B (TTB, C27H34O4) is a diastereomeric meroterpenoid isolated from the Korean marine algae Sargassum macrocarpum. However, the anticancer effects of TTB remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that TTB inhibits tumor growth in breast, lung, colon, prostate, and cervical cancer cells. To examine the mechanism by which TTB suppresses cell growth, we determined the effect of TTB on apoptosis, ROS generation, DNA damage, and signal transduction. TTB induced ROSproduction in MDA-MB-231, A549, and HCT116 cells. Moreover, TTB enhanced DNA damage by inducing H2AX foci formation and the phosphorylation of DNA damage-related proteins such as Chk2 and H2AX. Furthermore, TTB selectively inhibited STAT3 activation, which resulted in a reduction in cyclin D1, MMP-9, survivin, VEGF, and IL-6. In addition, TTB-induced ROS generation caused STAT3 inhibition, DNA damage, and apoptotic cell death. Therefore, TTB suppresses cancer progression by promoting ROS-mediated inhibition of STAT3 signaling, suggesting that TTB is useful for the treatment of cancer.1

ENHANCEMENT OF BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND FATTY ACID OF TETRASELMIS SP. YH USING ORGANIC AND INORGANIC ALTERNATIVES

Tetraselmis sp. YH was a marine green microalga and known to contain higher lipid and composition of FAMEs. It was possible to use for biofuel production and other industrial applications. Shortly, Tetraselmis sp. YH was possible to develop as commercial fatty acids source and produce large amounts of FAMEs. The aim of this study is to enhance the biomass production and FAMEs analysis of cultured Tetraselmis sp. YH using organic and inorganic alternatives. Organic and inorganic alternatives were based on modified Guillards f/2 medium added with mud extract (ME) by autoclave and organic fertilizer (OF), respectively. Furthermore, each experimental group was divided by concentration A to D group (except control) 10-day cultures in the laboratory photobioreactor culture system, and then the biomass production and FAMEs compositions were analyzed using GC/MS and AOAC method, respectively.First experiment of organic alternative, A-group (f/2:OF=3:1) of biomass production (0.45±0.03 g/L) was higher than that of control-group (0.38±0.02 g/L). Especially, total FAMEs of A-group were increased to 17% and all of FAMEs compositions were 11% increased. Also, second experiment of inorganic alternative, C-group (f/2:ME=7:1, 0.49±0.05 g/L) was higher than that of control-group (0.30±0.01 g/L). Conversely, total FAMEs of C-group and all of FAMEs compositions were decreased to 28%, 23%, respectively. Third experiment of combi as commercial fatty acids source and produce large amounts of FAMEs. The aim of this study is to enhance the biomass production and FAMEs analysis of cultured Tetraselmis sp. YH using organic and inorganic alternatives. Organic and inorganic alternatives were based on modified Guillards f/2 medium added with mud extract (ME) by autoclave and organic fertilizer (OF), respectively. Furthermore, each experimental group was divided by concentration A to D group (except control) 10-day cultures in the laboratory photobioreactor culture system, and then the biomass production and FAMEs compositions were analyzed using GC/MS and AOAC method, respectively.First experiment of organic alternative, A-group (f/2:OF=3:1) of biomass production (0.45±0.03 g/L) was higher than that of control-group (0.38±0.02 g/L). Especially, total FAMEs of A-group were increased to 17% and all of FAMEs compositions were 11% increased. Also, second experiment of inorganic alternative, C-group (f/2:ME=7:1, 0.49±0.05 g/L) was higher than that of control-group (0.30±0.01 g/L). Conversely, total FAMEs of C-group and all of FAMEs compositions were decreased to 28%, 23%, respectively. Third experiment of combi1

Annual biomass and lipid productivities of Tetraselmis sp. from onshore culture system

Biodiesel production from microalgae has received much attention since the lipid can be converted to biodiesel reason why the lipid is mainly composed by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Among the many species in microalgae, saline Tetraselmis sp. is predominantly having high amount of total lipid. The aim of this study is to maintain the daily biomass production of the strain with enhancing lipid concentration using modified f/2 media (f/2, f and f*1.5 media) under the different culture volume regimes (5 L Flask, 200 L plastic tank and 20 ton raceway pond) for long-term culture experiments. Furthermore, we analyzed the total lipid content weekly-based and delivertized fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using AOAC method and GC-MASS, respectively. Daily environmental conditions (solar radiation, water temp., salinity and pH etc.) were recorded during the culture times.In the Lab-culture experiments, FAMEs of Tetraselmis sp. was estimated 93.4±0.2%, 92.4±0.5% and 88.3±0.6% under the different regimes of f/2 medium, f medium and f*1.5 medium, respectively. Especially, the average biomass of the strain in f medium (two-fold concentration of f/2 medium) was peaked up to 1.6±0.1 g/L and 18.6±0.1 g/m2/d in the laboratory and outdoor culture condition, respectively. Daily lipid productivity (PLV) of the f medium from outdoor culture (0.34±0.08 g/L/d) was slightly higher than that of f*1.5 medium (0.32±0.02 g/L/traselmis sp. is predominantly having high amount of total lipid. The aim of this study is to maintain the daily biomass production of the strain with enhancing lipid concentration using modified f/2 media (f/2, f and f*1.5 media) under the different culture volume regimes (5 L Flask, 200 L plastic tank and 20 ton raceway pond) for long-term culture experiments. Furthermore, we analyzed the total lipid content weekly-based and delivertized fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using AOAC method and GC-MASS, respectively. Daily environmental conditions (solar radiation, water temp., salinity and pH etc.) were recorded during the culture times.In the Lab-culture experiments, FAMEs of Tetraselmis sp. was estimated 93.4±0.2%, 92.4±0.5% and 88.3±0.6% under the different regimes of f/2 medium, f medium and f*1.5 medium, respectively. Especially, the average biomass of the strain in f medium (two-fold concentration of f/2 medium) was peaked up to 1.6±0.1 g/L and 18.6±0.1 g/m2/d in the laboratory and outdoor culture condition, respectively. Daily lipid productivity (PLV) of the f medium from outdoor culture (0.34±0.08 g/L/d) was slightly higher than that of f*1.5 medium (0.32±0.02 g/L/2