33 research outputs found

    Nimodipine이 μ₯μ˜ λ‡Œκ²½μƒ‰μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/박사[영문] [ν•œκΈ€] λ‡Œν˜ˆλ₯˜μ˜ κ°μ†Œλ‘œ λ°œμƒλ˜λŠ” ν—ˆν˜ˆμ„± λ‡Œμ§ˆν™˜μ€ 비가역적인 λ‡Œμ†μƒμ˜ ν”ν•œ μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있으며 ν—ˆν˜ˆμ„± μ†μƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ€ν„° λ‡Œλ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μž„μƒκ³Όμ œλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. ν—ˆν˜ˆμ„± λ‡Œμ†μƒμ€ κ΅­μ†Œν—ˆν˜ˆ 후에 μ˜€λŠ” 지연성 μ €κ΄€λ₯˜μ™€ 비가역적 세포손상을 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜λŠ” 세포막변성 에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ μ•ΌκΈ°λœλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©° μΉΌμŠ˜μ΄μ˜¨μ€ 두가지 λ‡Œν—ˆν˜ˆμ˜ λ³‘νƒœμƒλ¦¬ 기전에 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. μΉΌμŠ˜ν†΅λ‘œ μ°¨λ‹¨μ œλŠ” ν—ˆν˜ˆμ„± λ‡Œμ§ˆν™˜μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œμ œλ‘œμ„œ μƒκ°λ˜μ–΄ 진 λ‹€. μΉΌμŠ˜ν†΅λ‘œ μ°¨λ‹¨μ œ μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ nimodipine은 dihydropyridine μœ λ„μ²΄λ‘œμ„œ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ν˜ˆκ΄€ ν™•μž₯ μž‘μš©μ΄ 있으며 λ‡Œν˜ˆκ΄€μ— μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. μ €μžλŠ” μ₯μ˜ κ΅­ μ†Œλ‡Œν—ˆν˜ˆ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ nimodipine을 νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ nimodipine의 λ‡Œν—ˆν˜ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 효과λ₯Ό 보 고자 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ€‘λŒ€λ‡Œλ™λ§₯ 폐색 1μ‹œκ°„, 2μ‹œκ°„ 그리고 6μ‹œκ°„ 후에 nimodipine ν˜Ήμ€ 생리식 μ—Όμˆ˜λ₯Ό νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³  폐색 24μ‹œκ°„ 뒀에 μ‹œν–‰ν•œ 신경학적 검사와 병리학적 μ†Œκ²¬μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ni modipine νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅°κ³Ό μ€‘λŒ€λ‡Œλ™λ§₯ νμƒ‰λ§Œ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅° 및 μƒλ¦¬μ‹μ—Όμˆ˜ νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅°μ„ μ„œλ‘œ 비ꡐ ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 1. Nimodipine νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅°μ€ μƒλ¦¬μ‹μ—Όμˆ˜ νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅° 및 λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°λ³΄λ‹€ λ‡Œκ²½μƒ‰μ˜ 면적이 μ•½ 5∼11% κ°μ†Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 2. 폐색 1μ‹œκ°„ ν›„μ˜ nimodipine νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅°μ€ 폐색 2μ‹œκ°„ 및 6μ‹œκ°„ ν›„μ˜ nimodipine νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅° 보닀 λ‡Œκ²½μƒ‰μ˜ λ²”μœ„κ°€ μž‘μ•˜μœΌλ‚˜ 톡계학적 μ˜μ˜λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 3. λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°κ³Ό μƒλ¦¬μ‹μ—Όμˆ˜ νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅° κ°„μ—λŠ” λ‡Œκ²½μƒ‰ λΉ„μœ¨μ˜ λšœλ Έν•œ 차이가, μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 4. Nimodipine νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅°μ€ μƒλ¦¬μ‹μ—Όμˆ˜ νˆ¬μ—¬κ΅° 및 λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°λ³΄λ‹€ 신경학적 μ†Œκ²¬μ΄ μ–‘ν˜Έν•˜μ˜€λ‹€ . μ΄μƒμ˜ 결과둜 보아 λ‡Œν—ˆν˜ˆμ‹œ nimodipine은 신경학적 μ†Œκ²¬μ„ ν˜Έμ „μ‹œν‚€κ³  λ‡Œκ²½μƒ‰μ˜ λ²”μœ„ λ₯Ό κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λœλ‹€. Nimodipine의 μž‘μš©κΈ°μ „μ€ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ•Œλ €wu μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ‚˜ n imodipine은 λ‡Œν˜ˆλ₯˜λ₯Ό μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ±°λ‚˜ 흑은 신경세포에 직접 μž‘μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν—ˆν˜ˆμ— μ˜ν•œ λ‡Œμ†μƒ 으둜 λΆ€ν„° λ‡Œλ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λœλ‹€. The Effects of Nimodipine on Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats Se Hyuck Park Department of Medical Science The Graduate School, Yonsei University (Directed by Professor Kyu Chang Lee, M.D.) Brain ischemia due to a critical reduction in cerebral blood flow is a well recognized and common cause of irreversible brain damage. Therefore protecting the human brain from ischemic damage is an important clinical problem. Two major factors influence the sequelae of cerebral ischemic injury : the delayed hypoperfusion that occurs after focal ischemia and membrane failure that leads to irreversible cell injury. Calcium ions play a major role in both pathophysiological mechanisms. And so calcium channel blockers are a logical choice for investigation as possible therapeutic agents for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Nimodipine, a dihyropyridine derivative, is one of the most potent calcium channel blocking agents with a selective action on the intracranial vessels. The present study was designed to test the effects of nimodipine on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. At 1, 2 or 6 hours after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), rats were treated with either nimodipine or saline. Neurological and pathological evaluation was performed at 24 hours after occulusion. Neurological outcome was better in nimodipine-treated rats and the size of the infarcted area was statistically smaller in rats treated with nimodipine 1, 2 or 6 hours after occlusion (p<0.001, p<0.001,p < 0.001 respectively) when compared with control rats (MCA occlusion only) or saline-treated rats. The results show that nimodipine improves neurological outcome and decreases the size of the infarcted area after ischemic insult. The mechanism of action of nimodipine is not fully understood but nimodipine could influene cerebral postischemic changes by improving blood flow and/or by a direct action on neurons.restrictio

    Clinical Observation of the Chronic Subdural Hematomas

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/석사[영문] [ν•œκΈ€] 1976λ…„ 1μ›”λΆ€ν„° 1983λ…„ 9μ›”κΉŒμ§€ μ—°μ„Έμ˜λŒ€ μ‹ κ²½μ™Έκ³Όν•™ κ΅μ‹€μ—μ„œ μΉ˜ν—˜ν•œ λ§Œμ„±κ²½λ‡Œλ§‰ν•˜ν˜ˆ μ’… 103μ˜ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μž„μƒμ  κ³ μ°°, 특히 각 μˆ˜μˆ λ°©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ„œλ‘œ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™ 은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 1. μ—°λ ΉλΆ„ν¬λŠ” 41μ„ΈλΆ€ν„° 60μ„ΈκΉŒμ§€κ°€ 49λͺ… (47.5%)으둜 κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ•˜κ³  40λŒ€ μ΄μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 74 λͺ… (71.8%)μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‚¨λ…€λΉ„λŠ” λ‚¨μžκ°€ 87λͺ…(84.5%), μ—¬μžκ°€ 16λͺ…(15.5%) μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 2. μœ λ°œμΈμžμ—μ„œλŠ” 두뢀외상λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°λŠ” 72λͺ…(79.6%)μ΄μ—ˆκ³  μ•Œμ½œμ€‘λ…μžλŠ” 13λͺ…(12 .6%)μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©° 지주막낭쒅 1예, 지주막낭쒅 및 λ‡Œμˆ˜μ’…μœΌλ‘œ λ‚­μ’…λ³΅κ°•κ°„λ„κ΄€μˆ ν›„ μƒνƒœ 1예 및 λ§Œμ„±κ³¨μˆ˜μ„±λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘ 1μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 3. μž„μƒμ¦μ„Έ 및 신경학적 μ†Œκ²¬μ„ 보면 두톡이 82예 (77.6%)λ‘œμ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ•˜μœΌλ©° λ§ˆλΉ„μ¦ 상이 46예 (44.7%), μ˜μ‹μž₯μ•  및 μ•ˆμ €μ†Œκ²¬μƒ μœ λ‘λΆ€μ’… 같은 μœ λ‘λΆ€ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 각각 45예(43. 7%) 및 44예(42.7%)μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ μ™Έ ꡬ토, 동곡뢀동증, κ²½λ ¨, μ–Έμ–΄μž₯μ•  및 μ‹œκ°μ¦μƒμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€ . 4. λ‡Œμ „μ‚°ν™”λ‹¨μΈ΅μ΄¬μ˜μ΄ 진단 및 μˆ˜μˆ λ°©λ²•μ˜ κ²°μ •κ³Ό μ˜ˆν›„νŒμ •μ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜λ©° 혈 μ’…μ˜ 밀도λ₯Ό λ³Ό λ•Œ μ €λ°€λ„ν˜ˆμ’…μ΄ 32예(43.3%), λ™λ°€λ„ν˜ˆμ’… 28예(37.8%), κ³ λ°€λ„ν˜ˆμ’… 10예 (13.5%)μ˜€κ³  κ·Έμ™Έ ν˜Όν•©λ°€λ„λŠ” 4예 (5.4%)의 ν˜ˆμ’…μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ 3주내에 μ‹œν–‰ ν•œ λ‡Œμ „μ‚°ν™”λ‹¨μΈ΅μ΄¬μ˜μ—μ„œμ˜ λ‡ŒνŒ½μ°½μœ¨μ€ λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ“€μˆ˜λ‘ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ—¬ 40λŒ€ μ΄μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 80% 이 ν•˜λ‘œ κ°μ†Œν–ˆλ‹€. 5. ν˜ˆμ’…μ˜ λ°œμƒλΆ€μœ„λŠ” 쒌츑이 47예 (45.6%), 우츑이 43예(41.8%)λ‘œμ„œ 큰 μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆκ³  양츑성은 13예 (12.6%)κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨μˆœνμ‡„λ°°μΆœμˆ μ‹œ ν˜ˆμ’…μ˜ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ€ 수술 당일날 κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ•„ 49%에 λ‹¬ν–ˆκ³  수술 λ‹€μŒλ‚  33%λ‘œμ„œ μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ 제 2μΌκΉŒμ§€ μ „μ²΄μ˜ 95%κ°€ λ°°μΆœλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 6. μΉ˜λ£Œλ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 102μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” 수술적 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν–ˆκ³  λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 1μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” steroid와 L asixλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ„μˆ˜μˆ μ μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν–ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μˆ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 32μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνμ‡„λ°°μΆœμˆ μ„, 31μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‘κ°œμ²œκ³΅μˆ λ° κ°œλ°©λ°°μΆœμˆ μ„, 1μ°¨ μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ λ‹€μ‹œ ν˜ˆμ’…μ΄ ν˜•μ„±λœ 2예λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 31 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” μ„±ν˜•μ  κ°œλ‘μˆ  및 ν˜ˆμ’…λ§‰ μ œκ±°μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν–ˆκ³  λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 10μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‘κ°œκ³¨ 제거술 ν›„ ν˜ˆμ’…λ§‰μ„ μ œκ±°ν–ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μˆ λ²•μ„ μ„œλ‘œ λΉ„κ΅ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό λ‹¨μˆœνŽ˜μ‡„λ°°μΆœμˆ μ΄ 일차적인 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μœΌ 둜 μƒκ°λœλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 일차 μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ ν˜ˆμ’…μ΄ λ‹€μ‹œ 고인 경우, κ³ ν˜•μ„± ν˜ˆμ’…μΈ 경우 및 λ‡ŒνŒ½μ°½ 이 잘 μ•ˆλ˜μ–΄ κ²½λ§‰ν•˜κ°•μ΄ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λ§‰νžˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ°œλ‘μˆ  ν›„ ν˜ˆμ’…λ§‰ μ œκ±°μˆ μ„ μ‹œ ν–‰ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF THE CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMAS Se Hyuck Park Department of Medical Science The Graduate School Yonsei University (Directed by Prof. Kyu Chang Lee, M.D.) One hundred three chronic subdural hematomas were treated from January, 1976 to September, 1983, of which 102 cases were operated and 1 case was treated with medication. The clinical analysis and surgical results were summerized as follows. 1. The chronic subdural hematomas were the most common in the 5th and 6th decade (47.5%) and prominent over 5th decade(71.8%). The proportion of males(84.5%) was much greater than females (15.5%) 2. 79.6% of crises had previous head injuries and 12.6% were chronic alcholics. One case was associated with the arachnoid cyst in the middle cranial fossa and another one case in the postoperative state of cystoperitoneal shunt due to hydrocephalus and arachnoid cyst in the supratentorial and infratentorial area. One case was under management of chronic myelocytic leukemia . 3. The common symptoms were headache(79.6%), motor weakness(44.7%), alternation of consciousness(43.7%), change of fundus such as papilledema (42.7%) and vomiting (35.0%). In addition there were pupillary inequality, seizure, speech disturbance and visual symptoms. 4. Brain CT scan was the most effective and noninvasive diagnostic tool for detecting chronic subdural hematoma and important in planning operative intervention and evaluation of prognosis. Chronic subdural hematomas presented in 4 different forms in CT scans: hypodense subdural hematoma(43.3%), isodense subdural hematoma(37.8%), hyperdense subdural hematoma(13.5%)and mixed density subdural hematoma(5.4%). CT scanning was the most accurate method of determining the age of a chronic subdural hematoma. The cerebral expansion rate (reduction in diameter of the subdural space) decreased with aging and it was less than 80% in average over 5th decade within postoperative 3 weeks. 5. The right sided chronic subdural hematomas were 45.6%and the left were 41.8% with bilaterality in 12.6%. Average amount of chronic subdural hematomas drained daily in 32 patients treated with simple burr-hole and closed-system drainage were as follows: 49% on the duty of operation, 33% on POD 1 and 13% on POD 2, and almost all of the hematoma was drained out within two days doter surgery. 6. In 103 patients, operation were performed in 102 patients, and the other one patient was treated conservatively. thirtytwo patients were underwent simple burr-hole and closed-system drainage and in 1 patient craniotomy and and membranectomy was necessary. The blood bags were used in 31 patients and Hemovac in 1 patient. Four patients were operated under local anesthesia. thirtyone patients were treated with burr holes and open drainage and one patient required craniotomy and membranectomy. In 31 patients underwent craniotomy and membranectomy. Craniectomy and membranectomy were performed in 10 patients. One patient died of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma 1 developed during operation under local anesthesia and another 1 patient was unchanged following simple burr-hole and closed-system drainage. Three patients were unchanged or deteriorted after burr holes and open drainage and 8 patients following craniotomy and membranectomy. The results of simple burr-hole and closed-system drainage were better than other methods. Simple burr-hole and closed-system drainage is today's most rational approach to the chronic subdural hematoma in children beyond the infant period and in adults. Craniotomy, membranectomy and craniectomy should be reserved for instances :the subdural recollection, failure of the brain to expands solid hematoma and extensive swelling of white matter subjacent to the hematoma.restrictio
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