21 research outputs found

    Technological Change and Regional Policy

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    ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ธก์ •์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ Solow(1957)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์ดํ›„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ ์ˆ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊นŠ์ด ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ์ž๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋ช…, ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ •ํ˜์‹ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ด์ „ ๋ฐ ํ™•์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Thomas, 1985). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ์ž ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ „์„ ๊ธฐํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ •์ฑ… ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์ • ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ผ๋ ‰ํŠธ๋กœ๋‹‰์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์‹ ๊ณต์ •ํ˜์‹  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์‚ฐ์—…์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Brotchie, Hall, and Newton, 1987; Miller and Cote, 1987; Rees, 1986)

    Industrial changes in a networked world : innovative cluster in the greater Washington region

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์ถฉ๋ฉด๋‹ด์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ, ๊ณ ์ฐจ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ง‘์ , ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์ •์‹ , ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ง‘์ , ๊ณต๋™ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์ •, ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ง€์›์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์›์š”์†Œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ 4๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์›์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ์™€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ๋น„์šฉ์ง€์ถœ์€ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ฒจ๋‹จ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ์—ญํ• ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ณต๋™ํ•™์Šต์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋Š” ์ •์œก๊ฐํ˜• ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜์‹  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ธ๋ ฅ, ๋ชจํ—˜์ž๋ณธ, ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ง€์›์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™ํƒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. This study aims to understand the fomation and types of regional innovation cluster and analyze the process of regional innovation cluster of the Grater Washington Region, the US Capital Region, through in-depth interview surveys. The formation and development of innovation clusters are influenced and differentiated by six supporting sectors such as the development of production networks, agglomeration of advanced services, supply of qualified labor and entrepreneurship, universities and research institutions, collective learning processes, and software infrastructure. In this study four innovation clusters are classified based on the degree of innovation and the degree of regional network and embeddedness, which are not static but are dynamic by the changes of the supporting sectors over time. In the initial stage of the formation of high technology related innovation cluster in the Greater Washington Region hub and spoke type network was formed between federal government and private firms through project contract and subcontract, and the federal government's procurement expenditure was critical for the formation of the cluster. The role of federal government is still critically important, but inter-fim1 cooperation and networks have been developing among the competitive contractors and collective learning processes have been progressed through close networks among many new high tech start-ups or spin-offs. Regional cluster of the Greater Washington Region is under progress of developing a hexagon type innovation cluster through the formation of diversified innovation networks. There are three policy implications from the formation and development of the innovation cluster of the Greater Washington Region. First, strategies for the development of innovation cluster to promote the development of regional economy can be diversified by the regional characteristics and potentials. Second, The role of qualified labor, venture capital, and leading economic agents are critical for the promotion of the regional innovation potential. Third, regional innovation clusters can be dynamically changed by the changes of the supporting sectors and regions are dynamic over time

    Intemationalization Strategies ofthe Region in the Knowledgฮต-based Infonnation Society

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์‹์ •๋ณดํ™”์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ 10์—ฌ๋…„์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์™„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ์ œ์ฃผ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ตญ์ œํ™” ์ถ”์ง„์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณต์—…ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹ฌํ™”๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ถ„์—…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธˆ์œต์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด ํ˜์‹ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ง„ ๋“ฑ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์˜ ์ถ”์ง„์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธˆ์œต์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด ํ˜์‹ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ง„ ๋“ฑ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์˜ ์ถ”์ง„์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ์ œํ™” ์ถ”์ง„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. The purposes of this paper are to compare the level of internationalization of regions in Korea and to suggest internationalization strategies for regional development in the knowledge-based economy. Except Seoul and Jeju-do, the level of internationalization in Korea is relatively low, even though there has been a slightly decreasing trend of the disparity of the level of the internationalization during the last 10 years. Non-Capital regions in Korea have structural problems which can be regarded as difficulties in the promotion of internationalization. The problems resulting from the intensified spatial division of labor, vulnerable regional industrial structure, weak financial accessibility, and weak innovation networks in the regions are negative factors for the promotion of the internationalization. In order to enhance the regional competitiveness the problems related to the promotion of the internationalization should be solved and strategies for enhancing regional competences should be established. Considering the problems in the provincial regions and the changes of the international trade environment with regard to the development of the knowledge-based information society, this study suggests strategies in five directions. They are establishment of regional infrastructure of internationalization, development of innovation cluster, construction of regional innovation systems, realization of cross-border economic regions and establishment of industrial cooperation systems in the Northeast Asia, and improvement of environments for foreign direct investments and intensifying the institutional organization for internationalization. These strategies are not independent, but are interdependent and complementary each other because technological innovation and knowledge creation in a region are critical for the progress of internationalization of the region in the knowledge-based economy

    Structural Changes in Manufacturing and Directions of Stuructural Adjustments of Industries in the Capital Region

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    The aims of this paper are to analyse structural changes of manufacturing in the 1980s and to discuss directions of structural adjustments of industries in the Capital Region of Korea in the era of internationalization. Three steps were taken in the analysis of structural changes in manufacturing: 1) factor analysis using structural variables of SIC 3 digit level of manufacturing for identification of major factors of structural changes in manufacturing of Korea; 2) cluster analysis of SIC 3 digit level in manufacturing for classification of industrial types with relation to the structural changes; and 3) analysis of changes in the composition of the industrial types in the Capital Region. Major factors of the structural changes in manufacturing of Korea are: 1) high value added and investment; 2) capital intensiveness: 3) industrial maturity; 4) labor intensive subcontracting; and 5)growth of employment. Oil refining is the only industry that is related to the factor of high value added and investment, reflecting that most of the other manufacturing industries have not changed enough toward the trend of high value added and investment and have shown relative structural deteriorations. Even the electric machinery and electronics industries, which showed rapid growth and related directly to the factor of the growth of employment, are not related to the factor of the high value added and investment

    ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€์‘

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    ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” 1970๋…„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ •ํ™”๋ฒ• (Clean Air Act) ์ด ์ œ์ •๋œ ์ดํ›„ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ๋„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ •ํ™”๋ฒ•์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ 1972๋…„์˜ โ€˜์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ค์—ผ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฒ•โ€™์ด๋‚˜ 1977๋…„์˜ โ€˜๋…ธ์ฒœํƒ„๊ด‘๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐ ๋งค๋ฆฝ๋ฒ•โ€™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ œ๋„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฒด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๋ถ€๋‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Wallace, 1995).1980๋…„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋‹น์„ ๋œReagan ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ทœ์ œ ์™„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ผ๋‹จ ํ›„ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์™„ํ™”์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์ง์›์ด 1/4๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.Reagan ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ทœ์ œ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ-ํŽธ์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์šฉ-ํŽธ์ต๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์ฑ„ํƒ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1997๋…„๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ถ€์„ค์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๊ณผ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

    Industrial Policy and Regional Policy for the Development of High-Tech Industry in U.K

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    The inauguration of conservative cabinet headed by Thatcher,M. in 1979 had brought the major policy changes in the area of regional development. The Tory government, believed in the liberal economic policy based on the notion of free market, supported the technological development and innovation initiated by the regional industry instead of fiancial aid to the stagnating region. Accordingly, the construction of science park in the U.K had been cheered in the 1985 by the local government, unversities, and public institutes. But, in general, the policy aim of securing the job stability and realizing the balanced development on the nationl level has not been succesfully achieved. In fact, high-tech industries agglomerated only in the western crescent region around the metropolitan London. Therefore the region, where technical and information infrastructures for the high-tech industries had been already accumulated, was in better position to pursue high-tech industrial development compared with the regions surrounding newly constructed science parks. In addition, the science park island separated from the regional society has brought forth the disfunction of precipitating the polarization of local community and hazarding the diffusion of technological progress
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