17 research outputs found

    Comparison Between 18F-Florapronol and 18F-Florbetaben Imaging in Patients With Cognitive Impairment

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    Background and purpose: To determine the imaging characteristics and cutoff value of 18F-florapronol (FC119S) quantitative analysis for detecting Ξ²-amyloid positivity and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we compared the findings of FC119S and 18F-florbetaben (FBB) positron- emission tomography (PET) in patients with cognitive impairment. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 35 patients with cognitive impairment who underwent FBB-PET, FC119S-PET, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. We measured global and vertex-wise standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) using a surface-based method with the cerebellar gray matter as reference. Optimal global FC119S SUVR cutoffs were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves for Ξ²-amyloid positivity based on the global FBB SUVR of 1.478 and presence of AD, respectively. We evaluated the global and vertex-wise SUVR correlations between the two tracers. In addition, we performed correlation analysis for global or vertex-wise SUVR of each tracer with the vertex-wise cortical thicknesses. Results: The optimal global FC119S SUVR cutoff value was 1.385 both for detecting Ξ²-amyloid positivity and for detecting AD. Based on the global SUVR cutoff value of each tracer, 32 (91.4%) patients had concordant Ξ²-amyloid positivity. The SUVRs of FC119S and FBB had strong global (r=0.72) and vertex-wise (r>0.7) correlations in the overall cortices, except for the parietal and temporal cortices (0.4<r<0.7). The FC119S SUVR had significant negative vertex-wise correlations with cortical thicknesses in the posterior cingulate, anterior cingulate, parietal, posterior temporal, and occipital cortices. Conclusions: Quantitative FC119S-PET analysis provided reliable information for detecting Ξ²-amyloid deposition and the presence of AD.ope

    박막 제쑰λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ… 기술 개발 및 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€ μ‘μš©

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 기계항곡곡학뢀(λ©€ν‹°μŠ€μΌ€μΌ 기계섀계전곡), 2022. 8. 졜만수.μœ κΈ°κΈˆμ† ν• λ‘œκ²ν™”λ¬Ό 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λŠ” κ΄‘μ „μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ³€ν™˜μ„ μœ„ν•œ 맀우 μœ λ§ν•œ μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ νƒœμ–‘κ΄‘ λ°œμ „μ›μ΄λ‹€. 졜근 κΈ€λΌμŠ€κΈ°νŒ 기반의 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€ νš¨μœ¨μ€ 25% 이상을 λ‹¬μ„±ν–ˆκ³ , ν”Œλž™μ„œλΈ” 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€ λ˜ν•œ κ·Έ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‘μš© λΆ„μ•Όλ‘œ 인해 μˆ˜μš”κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³ μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 좔세에 λ°œλ§žμΆ°μ„œ, 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€μ˜ μƒμš©ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μŠ€ν•€μ½”νŒ…κΈ°λ°˜μ˜ λž©μŠ€μΌ€μΌ 곡정을 λ›°μ–΄λ„˜λŠ” λŒ€λ©΄μ  연속 μ½”νŒ… 곡정이 ν•„μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ¨Όμ €, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 1.7MHz의 λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μ§„λ™μžλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬, κΈ€λΌμŠ€κΈ°νŒ μœ„μ— μž¬ν˜„μ„±μ΄ ν™•λ³΄λœ, μš°μˆ˜ν•œ λŒ€λ©΄μ  페둜브슀카이트 필름 μ½”νŒ…μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ… 곡정을 κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 평균 16.4%, μ΅œλŒ€ 16.9%의 κ΄‘μ „λ³€ν™˜νš¨μœ¨μ„ κ°–λŠ” 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€ μ†Œμž μ œμž‘μ— μ„±κ³΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ΄‘μ „λ³€ν™˜νš¨μœ¨μ΄ 14.2%인 λŒ€λ©΄μ -λ‹¨μΌμ†Œμž μ œμž‘(ν™œμ„±μ˜μ—­ : 1cm2, μ½”νŒ…μ˜μ—­ : 7.5 x 7.5 cm2)에 λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ… 곡정을 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°œλ°œν•œ λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ… 방식이 λŒ€λ©΄μ  μ½”νŒ… 곡정에 μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 넓은 면적의 μœ μ—°κΈ°νŒμœ„μ— 페둜브슀카이트 필름을 κ· μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ„±μž₯μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€λ©΄μ ν™” κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 연속곡정인 필름성μž₯ λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ…(Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating, FGMSC) μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μœ μ—°κΈ°νŒμœ„μ— μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ…μ„ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 페둜브슀카이트 필름이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 핡심적인 원리λ₯Ό μ‹¬λ„μžˆκ²Œ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 결함이 μ—†λŠ” κ· μΌν•œ 페둜브슀카이트 필름을 μœ μ—°κΈ°νŒμœ„μ— μ œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 35.1cm2의 면적을 κ°–λŠ” 페둜브슀카이트 μœ μ—° νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λͺ¨λ“ˆμ„ μ œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ 16.1%의 κ΄‘μ „λ³€ν™˜νš¨μœ¨μ„ λ‹¬μ„±ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, FGMSC μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ λŒ€λ©΄μ  μ½”νŒ… μ„±λŠ₯을 증λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ”, κ°œλ°œν•œ FGMSC μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ λŒ€λ©΄μ  κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ΄ μœ μ—° 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€ μƒμš©ν™”μ— μ ν•©ν•œ μžλ™ν™” μ½”νŒ…μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμž„μ„ 보여쀀닀. μ…‹μ§Έ, 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μ „ν•˜μ „λ‹¬μΈ΅(홀 전달측, μ „μž 전달측)의 μ½”νŒ…μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°œλ°œν•œ λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ…μ„ μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히, 홀 μ „λ‹¬μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” PTAA(poly(triaryl amine))λ₯Ό μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ…ν•˜μ—¬ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 페둜브슀카이트 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  측이 λŒ€λ©΄μ  μ—°μ†κ³΅μ •μœΌλ‘œ 이루어 진 것에 큰 의미λ₯Ό 가지고, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°œλ°œν•œ λ©”κ°€μ†Œλ‹‰ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ μ½”νŒ… 기술이 μ‹€μ œ μ—°μ†μ½”νŒ…κ³΅μ •μ— μ μš©κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ‹€μš©μ μΈ κ³΅μ •μž„μ„ 보여쀀닀.Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly promising next-generation photovoltaic power sources for solar energy conversion. State-of-the-art glass-substrates based PSCs have achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 25%. This led to the increasing demand for flexible-substrate based PSCs (f-PSCs) which boast a variety of potential applications. In line with this trend, commercialization of PSCs enormously requires large-area continuous coating methods beyond spin-coating based lab-scale process. First, we developed a megasonic-spray coating method utilizing 1.7 MHz megasonic oscillator that could fabricate reproducible large-area planar efficient perovskite films on the glass substrates. As a result, our devices have reached a maximum efficiency of 16.9%, with an average efficiency of 16.4% from 21 samples. We also demonstrate the applicability of megasonic-spray coating to the fabrication of large-single cells, with a power conversion efficiency of 14.2% (active area : 1 cm2, coating area : 7.5 x 7.5 cm2). Our megasonic-spray coating approach is therefore expected to be suitable for large-area coating process. Second, we came up with a Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating (FGMSC) method that continuously grows uniform perovskite film on large-area flexible substrates. The fundamental principles of perovskite film growth mechanisms on the flexible substrate via spray-coating were thoroughly investigated. As a result, we successfully fabricated defect-free uniform perovskite film on the flexible substrates via the FGMSC system. The scalability of this system is proved through fabrication of a flexible perovskite solar mini-module with PCE of 16.10% from an active area of 35.1 cm2. These results prove that our FGMSC system is the automated scalable-coating system suitable for commercialization of f-PSCs for its scalability and efficiency. Third, the megasonic-spray method was applied to the coating of charge transport layers (e.g. hole transport layer and electron transport layer). Especially, we coated a PTAA (poly(triaryl amine)) thin-film which is one of the hole transport layers and successfully fabricated highly efficient PSCs. These results have significance in that all layers of the perovskite solar devices are fabricated by large-area continuous coating process. Our megasonic-spray coating system, therefore, is a highly practical, continuous fabrication technique for photovoltaic applications.Abstract i Table of Contents iii List of Tables vii List of Figures ix Nomenclature xv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.1.1. Demand for the Megasonic-Spray Coating System 2 1.1.2. Demand for the Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating System 5 1.2. Research Objectives 9 1.3. Thesis Outline 11 1.4. References 13 Chapter 2. Megasonic-Spray Coating System for Glass-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Fabrication 17 2.1. Introduction 17 2.2. Results and Discussion 22 2.2.1. Design of Megasonic-Spray Coating Process 22 2.2.2. Investigation of Perovskite Films According to Supply Rate of Droplets 24 2.2.3. Fabrication of PSCs and Device Characteristics 28 2.2.4. Scalability of Megasonic-Spray Coating Process 41 2.3. Conclusion 48 2.4. Experimental Methods 49 2.4.1. Fabrication of Megasonic-Spray Coated Perovskite Solar Cells 49 2.4.2. Characterizations and Measurements 50 2.5. References 52 Chapter 3. Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating System for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules 57 3.1. Introduction 57 3.2. Results and Discussion 63 3.2.1. Steady Production of Fine Perovskite Precursor Droplets 63 3.2.2. Relation among Film Coverage, Crystal Growth and Supply Rate of Droplets 67 3.2.3. Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating (FGMSC) Technique 70 3.2.4. Fabrication of f-PSCs and Device Performance 78 3.2.5. Large-Area (100 cm2) f-PSCs and Flexible Perovskite Solar Mini-Module 88 3.3. Conclusion 98 3.4. Experimental Methods 99 3.4.1. Design of the FGMSC System 99 3.4.2. Fabrication of f-PSCs Using the FGMSC System 100 3.4.3. Characterizations and Measurements 102 3.5. References 104 Chapter 4. Charge Transport Layer Coating via Megasonic-Spray Coating System 109 4.1. Introduction 109 4.2. Results and Discussion 111 4.2.1. Optimization of the Substrate Temperature and Multiple Megasonic-Spray Coatings 111 4.2.2. Fabrication of PSCs and Device Performance 120 4.3. Conclusion 124 4.4. Experimental Methods 125 4.4.1. Fabrication of PSCs Using the Megasonic-Spray Coating System 125 4.4.2. Characterizations and Measurements 126 4.5. References 127 Chapter 5. Concluding Remarks 128 Acknowledgement 130 Abstract in Korean 131 List of Publications 133λ°•

    A tRNA Synthetase Derived Cytokine Working as Immune-Surveillance against Tumor

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    As ancient proteins that arose as part of the development of the genetic code, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential components of the translation apparatus. The 20 enzymes, one for each amino acid, catalyze the attachment of each amino acid to its cognate tRNA in the cytoplasm, where the charged tRNAs are then used for ribosomal protein synthesis. Surprisingly, ex-translational functions have been discovered for many tRNA synthetases, including gene regulation in E. coli, RNA splicing in mitochondria of N. crassa, and a diverse variety of functions in vertebrates that include among others regulation of inflammatory responses and of angiogenesis. Some of the many disease connections to AARSs, and to proteins that are part of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex in mammalian cells, is thought to result from disruptions to, or alterations of, their ex-translational functions. Indeed, there are dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing mutations in tyrosyl- and glycyl-tRNA synthetases that do not disrupt aminoacylation activity. Also surprising for essential components of the translation apparatus was the observation that specific fragments (produced by alternative splicing or natural proteolysis) of tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases (YRS and WRS) bind to and signal through extracellular receptors, including CXCR1 and 2 on PMN cells (YRS) and VE-cadherin on endothelial cells (WRS). These two synthetases are secreted from mammalian cells under specific conditions that potentiate their ex-translational functions. Collectively, these observations raised the possibility that one way to discover ex-translational functions of tRNA synthetases might be by annotating those that were present in a physiological setting that did not carry out translation. This consideration led us to examine the presence of specific synthetases in human serum. Among other factors, we considered the antisynthetase syndrome, namely, the observation that 30 % of all autoimmune patients, including those with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, rheumatoid arthritis, and interstitial lung disease, have autoantibodies directed against one of seven specific tRNA synthetases. Among other explanations, we considered the possibility that one or more of these 7 synthetases might normally circulate as antigens having specific extracellular functions. An example is human glycyl-tRNA synthetase, a class II enzyme whose 3-dimensional structure revealed a novel and flexible helix-turn-helix WHEP domain (present only in vertebrates and higher forms) at the N-terminus, followed by a catalytic domain and C-terminal tRNA anticodon-binding-domain (ABD). In part because of our ongoing investigations of its structure-function relationships and novel functions, we focused on GRS. Interestingly, in preliminary experiments, we detected GRS in the serum of normal human subjects and the mouse. These observations led us to attempt to understand a potential role for GRS as a circulating protein. In part 1, we investigated paracrine activity of secreted GRS in cancer microenvironment. GRS was secreted from macrophages in response to apoptotic stress induced by cancer cells, and caused death of cancer cells. Purified human GRS bound specifically to a number of different ERK-activated cancer cells and suppressed the ERK signal pathway. Moreover, it bound specifically to CDH6 (K-cadherin), which is highly expressed in certain cancer cells. Inhibition of the interaction between GRS and CDH6 reduced the cell-binding and pro-apoptotic activities of GRS. Thus, these works suggest that GRS suppresses the growth of cancer cells. The second part of this study was focused on the autocrine activity of secreted GRS related with pro-inflammation. Secreted GRS bound with macrophages, and increased TNF- secretion by inducing ERK signal pathway. In macrophages, GRS used CELSR2 (Flamingo-1) as receptor. These results suggest that GRS acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In part 3, we demonstrated the secretion pathway of GRS. GRS was secreted through exosome secretion pathway and located on the surface of exosome. GRS was sorted into mutivesicular bodies (MVBs) by ubiquitination. These data show that GRS is secreted through non-conventional secretion pathway. We showed that GRS secreted by macrophages have a potential role to play in immune surveillance against tumorigenesis. The secreted GRS appears to mediate innate immunity and immune surveillance by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells and activating macrophages. Furthermore, GRS shows the apoptotic effect only on the subset of cancer cells that express CDH6 and activated ERK and may not affect normal cells, recombinant GRS may be explored as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent with specificity.졜근 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ ν•©μ„±μ˜ μ€‘μš” νš¨μ†ŒμΈ Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS)듀이 νŠΉμ • μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ³Έμ—°μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ 이외에 μ‹ ν˜Έ 전달에 영ν–₯을 쀌으둜써 μ•”, λ‹Ήμš”, μžκ°€λ©΄μ—­ μ§ˆν™˜κ³Ό 연관성이 μžˆμŒμ„ 밝힌 연ꡬ가 많이 진행 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이와 같은 ARS쀑 μΌλΆ€μ˜ νš¨μ†Œλ“€μ΄ 세포 λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λΉ„λ˜μ–΄ 사이토카인과 같은 역할을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. ARS쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GRS) μ˜μžκ°€ 항체가 μžκ°€λ©΄μ—­ μ§ˆν™˜ 및 μ•” ν™˜μžμ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘μ—μ„œ 많이 발견이 λœλ‹€λŠ” 연ꡬ 보고가 많이 μžˆμ–΄μ™”λ‹€. μžκ°€λ©΄μ—­ μ§ˆν™˜ ν™˜μžμ™€ μ•” ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œμ„œGRS의 μžκ°€ 항체가 특이적으둜 증가해 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보아GRSλ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ λ©΄μ—­ 세포와 μ•” 세포 κ°„μ˜ μ‹ ν˜Έμ „λ‹¬κ³Ό λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 연관성이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 예츑이 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ•” 생성 μ–΅μ œ 및 νŒŒκ΄΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ©΄μ—­μž‘μš© 쀑 ν›„μ²œμ„± λ©΄μ—­ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 많이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ 이λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” λ©΄μ—­ μ„Έν¬λ“€μ˜ μ•” μƒμ„±μ—μ„œμ˜ 역할이 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ” 반면 μ•” 생성 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ μ„ μ²œμ„± λ©΄μ—­ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 많이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μƒνƒœμ΄λ‹€. 이쀑 λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬μ˜ μ•” 생성 μ–΅μ œ 내인성 λ¦¬κ°„λ“œ 아직 λ°ν˜€μ Έ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ•” 세포와 λŒ€μ‹ μ„Έν¬κ°„μ˜ μ‹ ν˜Έμ „λ‹¬μ΄ GRSλ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ μ˜ν•΄ 이루어 μ§„λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 증λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μž‘μš©κΈ°μ „μ„ μ œμ‹œν•  것이닀. 1λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•” 세포와 λŒ€μ‹ 세포 κ°„μ˜ λ―Έμ„Έ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œμ˜ GRS의 paracrine μž‘μš©μ„ κΈ°μˆ ν•  것이닀. ERK μ‹ ν˜Έμ²΄κ³„κ°€ ν™œμ„±ν™” λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ•” μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ λΆ„λΉ„λœ Fas λ¦¬κ°„λ“œμ— μ˜ν•΄ λŒ€μ‹ 세포가 영ν–₯을 λ°›κ²Œ 되면 GRSκ°€ 뢄비됨을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 같은 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λΆ„λΉ„λœ GRSλŠ” μ•” 세포에 특이적으둜 λ°œν˜„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” Cadherin 6 (CDH6) λ₯Ό 톡해 μ•” μ„Έν¬μ˜ 세포사멸을 μœ λ„ν•¨μ„ 확인 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΆ„λΉ„λœ GRSκ°€ 세포 λ°–μ—μ„œCDH6와 κ²°ν•©ν•˜κ²Œ 되면 세포 λ‚΄μ—μ„œCDH6와 κ²°ν•©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” phosphatase 2A (PP2A)κ°€ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ λ‚˜κ°€ ERK의 dephosphorylation을 μœ λ„ν•¨μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 같은 κΈ°μž‘μœΌλ‘œ GRSκ°€ ERK μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ–΅μ œν•˜μ—¬ 세포사멸을 μœ λ„ν•¨μ„ 확인 ν–ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μž¬μ‘°ν•© GRSλ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ μ•” 세포 특이 적 세포사멸 효과λ₯Ό 동물 μ‹€ν—˜ λͺ¨λΈμ—μ„œ 확인 ν•˜μ˜€κ³  μ΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ λΆ„λΉ„λœ GRSλ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ CDH6λ°œν˜„μ΄ λ†’κ³  ERK μ‹ ν˜Έμ „λ‹¬ 체계가 ν™œμ„±ν™” 된 암세포λ₯Ό 특이적으둜 μ–΅μ œ 함을 λ°˜μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 2 λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•” 세포와 λŒ€μ‹ 세포 κ°„μ˜ λ―Έμ„Έ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œμ˜ GRS의 autocrine μž‘μš©μ„ κΈ°μˆ ν•  것이닀. μ•”-λŒ€μ‹ 세포 λ―Έμ„Έ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ λΆ„λΉ„λœ GRSκ°€ Flamingo-1 (CELSR2)λ₯Ό 톡해 λŒ€μ‹ μ„Έν¬μ˜ TNF- 생산 및 식균 μž‘μš©μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것을 확인 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. GRSκ°€ CELSR2와 κ²°ν•©ν•˜λ©΄ λŒ€μ‹ μ„Έν¬μ˜ ERK μ‹ ν˜Έμ²΄κ³„κ°€ ν™œμ„±ν™” λ˜μ–΄ TNF-의 전이λ₯Ό 증가 μ‹œμΌœ TNF- λΆ„λΉ„κ°€ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ΄€μ°° ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. TNF-λŠ” μ•” 생성 μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μ•” 세포 뢄열을 μ–΅μ œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν•­μ•” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보고 λ˜μ–΄μ Έ 있으며 식균 μž‘μš©μ€ GRS의 paracrine 효과둜 인해 μ£½μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μ•” 세포λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 방법이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— GRS의 autocrine 효과 μ—­μ‹œ 암을 μ–΅μ œ ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒλœλ‹€. 3 λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ GRSκ°€ λΆ„λΉ„ 될 λ•Œ μˆ˜λ™μ  λΆ„λΉ„κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ λŠ₯동적 λΆ„λΉ„ 경둜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ†Œκ°œ ν•  것이닀. λ§Žμ€ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ΄ 세포 λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λΉ„ 될 λ•Œ ER-golgi λΆ„λΉ„ 경둜λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ° μ΄μ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ GRSλŠ” exosome ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ†Œν¬μ²΄ (30-100nM)λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ΄€μ°° λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 세포 사멸 μœ λ„ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ°›κ²Œ 되면 λŒ€μ‹ 세포 λ‚΄μ˜ GRSκ°€ ubiquitinationλ˜μ–΄ Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex에 μ˜ν•΄ multivesicular bodies (MVBs)으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ exosome ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λΆ„λΉ„ 됨을 κ΄€μ°° ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Exosome을 ν†΅ν•œ λŠ₯동적 λΆ„λΉ„ κ²½λ‘œλŠ” GRSλ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ 세포 νŒŒκ΄΄μ— μ˜ν•΄ 세포 λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λΉ„λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹˜μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 것이라 GRSκ°€ μ‚¬μ΄ν† μΉ΄μΈμž„μ„ λ°˜μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 증거이닀. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ•”-λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬κ°„μ˜ λ―Έμ„Έ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‹ μ„Έν¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λΆ„λΉ„ 된 GRSκ°€ μ•” λ°œμƒμ„ μ–΅μ œν•˜λŠ” immune-surveillance λ¦¬κ°„λ“œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ¨μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 암을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 물질둜 GRS의 μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‹œμ‚¬ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.Docto

    (The) long-term results after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.

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    μ˜κ³Όν•™μ‚¬μ—…λ‹¨/석사[ν•œκΈ€] μ „λ°© μ‹­μž μΈλŒ€ μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 방법이 보고 λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μœΌλ©° ν˜„μž¬λŠ” μžκ°€ 골-슬개건-골 이식물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΄€μ ˆκ²½μ  μ „λ°© μ‹­μž μΈλŒ€ 재건술이 보편적으둜 쓰여지고 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 아직 μžκ°€ 골-슬개건-골 이식물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΄€μ ˆκ²½μ  μ „λ°© μ‹­μž μΈλŒ€ 재건술의 μž₯κΈ° μΆ”μ‹œ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ§Žμ§€ μ•Šμ€ 싀정이닀. μ €μžλ“€μ€ λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μžκ°€ 쀑앙 1/3 골-슬개건-골 이식물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΄€μ ˆκ²½μ  μ „λ°© μ‹­μž μΈλŒ€ μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ μž₯κΈ° μΆ”μ‹œμ˜ μž„μƒμ  및 방사선학적 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 1990λ…„ 1μ›”λΆ€ν„° 1996λ…„ 12μ›”κΉŒμ§€ λ³Έμ›μ—μ„œ μžκ°€ 쀑앙 1/3 골-슬개건-골 이식물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΄€μ ˆκ²½μ  μ „λ°© μ‹­μž μΈλŒ€ μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ„ 받은 47λ‘€λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 성별, μ—°λ Ή, μˆ˜μƒ 원인 및 κΈ°μ „, μŠ¬κ΄€μ ˆ λ‚΄ λ°˜μ›”μƒ μ—°κ³¨μ˜ λ™λ°˜ 병변 유무, μˆ˜μƒν›„ μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ„ λ°›κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μ˜ κΈ°κ°„, Lysholm knee score, IKDC ν‰κ°€ν‘œ, KT-2000 arthrometerλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 정상츑과 μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ„ 받은 μŠ¬κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ μ „λ°© μ „μœ„ 정도 차이 등을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³  λ°©μ‚¬μ„ ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν„°λ„μ˜ 넓이, 슬개건 길이, κ³¨κ΄€μ ˆμ—Ό 유무 등을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 47λ‘€ 쀑 λ°˜μ›”μƒ 연골 손상이 λ™λ°˜λœ κ²½μš°κ°€ 31λ‘€ μ˜€μœΌλ©° λͺ¨λ‘ κ΄€μ ˆκ²½μ  λΆ€λΆ„ μ ˆμ œμˆ μ„ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 성별 λΆ„ν¬λŠ” λ‚¨μž 31λͺ…, μ—¬μž 16λͺ… μ΄μ—ˆκ³  평균 연령은 28μ„Έ(16-49μ„Έ)μ˜€λ‹€. μˆ˜μƒ μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 농ꡬ, 좕ꡬ, μŠ€ν‚€ μˆœμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©° μ™Έλ°˜-μ™ΈνšŒμ „ 손상이 κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ•˜λ‹€. μˆ˜μƒν›„ μˆ˜μˆ λ°›κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 평균 2λ…„ 3κ°œμ›”(5κ°œμ›”-11λ…„)이 걸렸으며 평균 μΆ”μ‹œ 기간은 6λ…„ 4κ°œμ›” μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. Lysholm knee scoreλŠ” 평균 93.7점 μ΄μ—ˆκ³  IKDC 평가상 거의 정상 이상이 91%μ˜€λ‹€. Lachman κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” 8λ‘€(17%)μ—μ„œ grade 1+, 1λ‘€(2%)μ—μ„œ grade 2+ μ˜€κ³  λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μŒμ„±μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ „λ°© μ „μœ„ κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” 5λ‘€(11%)μ—μ„œ grade 1+이고 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μŒμ„±μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. Pivot shift κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” 4λ‘€(9%)κ°€ grade 1+ μ˜€κ³  λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μŒμ„±μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. KT-2000 arthrometerλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 정상츑과 μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ„ 받은 μŠ¬κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ μ „λ°© μ „μœ„ 정도 μ°¨μ΄λŠ” 3mm μ΄ν•˜κ°€ 41λ‘€, 3mmλ₯Ό μ΄ˆκ³Όν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ 6λ‘€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 6λ‘€λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ λ‚΄μΈ‘ λ°˜μ›”μƒ 연골 후각뢀 손상에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ€λΆ„ μ ˆμ œμˆ μ„ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ κ²½μš°μ˜€λ‹€. λ°©μ‚¬μ„ ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν„°λ„μ˜ 넓이 ν™•λŒ€λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ μž„μƒμ¦μƒκ³Ό λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° λ˜ν•œ μ–‘μΈ‘ 슬개건 길이 차이가 5-10% 이상인 κ²½μš°κ°€ 9λ‘€ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ 동톡 λ“±μ˜ μ¦μ„Έμ™€λŠ” 연관성이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. κ³¨κ΄€μ ˆμ—Όμ˜ μ •λ„λŠ” 정상츑보닀 μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰λ°›μ€ μŠ¬κ΄€μ ˆμ΄ μ‹¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³  특히 λ°˜μ›”μƒ 연골 λΆ€λΆ„ μ ˆμ œμˆ μ„ 받은 μŠ¬κ΄€μ ˆμ€ 1λ‘€λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  λͺ¨λ‘ κ³¨κ΄€μ ˆμ—Ό μ†Œκ²¬μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. μ „λ°© μ‹­μž μΈλŒ€ 단독 μ†μƒμ‹œμ—λŠ” κ³¨κ΄€μ ˆμ—Ό μ†Œκ²¬μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ 적어 초기 μˆ˜μƒμ‹œ λ°˜μ›”μƒ 연골 λ™λ°˜ μœ λ¬΄κ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€ ν•˜κ² λ‹€. λ³Έμ›μ—μ„œ μžκ°€ 쀑앙 1/3 골-슬개건-골 이식물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΄€μ ˆκ²½μ  μ „λ°© μ‹­μž μΈλŒ€ μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰λ°›μ€ 47λͺ…μ˜ μž₯κΈ° μΆ”μ‹œ κ²°κ³Ό 91%μ—μ„œ λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° μž„μƒμ  μ§€ν‘œλ„ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ°˜μ›”μƒ 연골 손상이 λ™λ°˜λ˜μ—ˆμ„ μ‹œλŠ” λ°©μ‚¬μ„ ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³¨κ΄€μ ˆμ—Ό μ†Œκ²¬μ΄ μ‹¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³  정상츑과 μž¬κ±΄μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰λ°›μ€ μŠ¬κ΄€μ ˆκ³Όμ˜ μ „λ°© μ „μœ„ 차이도 μ‹¬ν•˜λ‚˜ 동톡 λ“±μ˜ μž„μƒ μ¦μ„Έμ™€λŠ” 연관이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. [영문] Many surgical methods for ACL reconstruction have been introduced. Currently, arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction using the central third bone-patellar tendon-bone as a free autogenous graft is a popular and well-accepted form of treatment. However, there are few reports on the long-term result of arthroscopically assisted central third bone-patellar tendon-bone ACL reconstruction. In this retrospective study, we report the results of long-term clinical and radiographic features for the arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Between 1990 and 1996, forty-seven patients who underwent arthroscopic central third bone-patellar tendon-bone ACL reconstruction were available for the long-term follow-up. Patients were examined clinically as well as radiologically. During arthroscopic assessment, 31 patients had concomitant meniscal tears. All meniscal lesions were treated with partial meniscectomy. There were sixteen female and thirty-one male. The mean age of these patients at reconstruction were 28 years (range, 16 to 49 years). The order of injuries were basketball, soccer and skiing respectively and the predominant mechanism of injury was valgus-external rotation force. The mean interval between the injury and the reconstruction was twenty-seven months. The average duration of follow-up was 76 months. The mean Lysholm knee score in our series was 93.7. Using the IKDC evaluation system, 10(21%) patients were classifed as normal, 33(70%) as nearly normal, and 4(9%) as abnormal. For forty-six(98%) of the knees, the result on the Lachman test was 1+ or less, and 2+ for only one. The result of the anterior drawer test was 1+ or negative for forty-seven(100%) of the knees. The result of the pivot-shift test was negative in forty-three(91%) of the knees. In our series, 67% of patients had side-to-side KT-2000 measurements of 3mm or less. 13% of patients was more than 3mm in difference between sides and all received partial meniscectomy. Enlargement of tunnel width was variable but there was no associated clinical symptom. Difference in patellar length of 5 to 10% or more compared to the uninjured side were observed in 19% of cases and no association was found between either shortening or lengthening with anterior knee pain symptoms. Radiographic osteoarthrits of the femorotibial compartment was found more severely in treated knees compared with uninjured knees. All patients who had meniscal surgery at reconstruction were noted to have radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of the knee joint except in one case. There were few patients with isolated ACL ruptures who had radiographic osteoarthritis. These findings stress the importance of normal meniscal function. At long-term follow-up, 91% of patients were subjectively satisfactory and clinically excellent results were noted. We conclude that this technique compares favorably with other methods in the long-term results.ope

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    Thesis(masters)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :기계항곡곡학뢀,2007.Maste

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 기계항곡곡학뢀, 2011.8. μ„œκ°‘μ–‘.Docto

    Implication of Small Vessel Disease MRI Markers in Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Disease

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    Background: Small vessel disease (SVD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers including deep and periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH), lacunes, and microbleeds are frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD), but their implication has not been clearly elucidated. Objective: To investigate the implication of SVD MRI markers in cognitively impaired patients with AD and/or LBD. Methods: We consecutively recruited 57 patients with pure AD-related cognitive impairment (ADCI), 49 with pure LBD-related cognitive impairment (LBCI), 45 with mixed ADCI/LBCI, and 34 controls. All participants underwent neuropsychological tests, brain MRI, and amyloid positron emission tomography. SVD MRI markers including the severity of deep and PWMH and the number of lacunes and microbleeds were visually rated. The relationships among vascular risk factors, SVD MRI markers, ADCI, LBCI, and cognitive scores were investigated after controlling for appropriate covariates. Results: LBCI was associated with more severe PWMH, which was conversely associated with an increased risk of LBCI independently of vascular risk factors and ADCI. PWMH was associated with attention and visuospatial dysfunction independently of vascular risk factors, ADCI, and LBCI. Both ADCI and LBCI were associated with more lobar microbleeds, but not with deep microbleeds. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PWMH could reflect degenerative process related with LBD, and both AD and LBD independently increase lobar microbleeds.restrictio

    Interaction of CSF Ξ±-synuclein and amyloid beta in cognition and cortical atrophy

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    Introduction: Lewy body-related pathology is commonly observed at autopsy in individuals with dementia, but in vivo biomarkers for Ξ±-synucleinopathy are lacking. Methods: Baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, polygenic risk score (PRS) for Parkinson's disease (PRS-PD) and Alzheimer's disease (PRS-AD), longitudinal cognitive scores, and magnetic resonance imaging were measured in 217 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Linear mixed models were used to find the relationship of CSF biomarkers and the PRS with cognition and cortical atrophy. Results: Higher PRS-PD and PRS-AD were associated with lower CSF Ξ±-synuclein and amyloid beta (AΞ²), respectively. Lower CSF Ξ±-synuclein and the interaction of CSF Ξ±-synuclein and AΞ² were associated with lower cognitive scores and global cortical atrophy most prominently in the occipital cortex. Discussion: Lower CSF Ξ±-synuclein could be a biomarker for Ξ±-synucleinopathy, and the simultaneous evaluation of CSF biomarkers for AD and CSF Ξ±-synuclein could reveal the independent and interactive effects on cognition and cortical atrophy.ope
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