즉시 임플란트 식립을 위한 치조골의 형태계측학적 분석

Dept. of Dentistry/박사[한글] 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 치아의 협측, 설측의 치조골의 두께와 치근 사이의 치밀골의 두께, 치근의 폭경 및 치근 사이의 거리를 측정하여 즉시 식립 술식을 할 때 임플란트의 형태와 직경 및 식립위치를 결정하기 위한 지표를 삼고자 하는데 있다. 재료 및 방법: 20개의 하악골과 20개의 상악골에서 악골의 수평 단면을 분석, 여러 수치를 측정한 후 평균값을 구하였다. 측정한 부위는 다음과 같다. 1. 각 치근의 협측, 설측 치조골 두께 2. 치근 사이의 치밀골의 두께 3. 치근의 협설, 근원심 폭경 4. 치근 사이 치조골 폭경 5. 치근 이개 부위 치조골 폭경 (근원심, 협설측) 그리고, 측정 평균치에 가까운 상악과 하악 표본은 각각 3개씩 선택한 후 3차원적으로 재건한 이미지를 만들었다. 결과: 1. 각 치근의 협측, 설측 치조골 두께 상하악 견치는 중절치나 측절치에 비해서 협측 잔존골이 적었다. 상악 전치부는 치근단쪽으로 내려갈수록 골량이 적어지다가 다시 많아진다. 2. 치근 사이의 치밀골의 두께 상악에서 협측의 치밀골 두께는 전치부보다 구치부에서 더 두꺼웠다. 하악의 치밀골 두께는 전치부에서 구치부로 갈수록, 치경부에서 치근단으로 갈수록 증가하였다. 3. 치근의 협설, 근원심 폭경 상악 중절치 치근에서는 치근단쪽으로 협설폭경은 10mm이상, 근원심폭경은 8mm이상에서 4mm이하가 되었다. 상악 측절치에서는 치근단 쪽으로 협설폭경은 10mm, 근원심폭경은 5mm이상에서 4mm이하가 되었다. 하악 중절치와 측절치의 치근은 치근단쪽으로 협설폭경은 8mm, 9mm이상에서 4mm이하가 되었지만 근원심폭경은 가장 큰 곳이 3.0mm와 3.3mm였다. 4. 치근 사이 치조골 폭경 치근사이의 치조골 폭경은 상하악 둘다 전치부부터 구치부로 갈수록, 치경부에서 치근단으로 갈수록 증가한다. 하악전치사이의 폭경은 1.4~1.7mm였다. 결론: 즉시 식립 임플란트를 성공적으로 시행하기 위해서는 심고자 하는 위치의 해부학적 구조를 잘 이해하여야 한다. 남아있는 잔존골을 잘 이용하여 적절한 초기고정을 얻는 것 뿐 아니라 보철적으로나 장기적으로 좋은 예후를 갖기 위해서는 알맞은 직경과 형태의 임플란트를 선택하여 적절한 위치에 식립하는 것이 중요하다. [영문] Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the thickness of buccal and lingual plate, the thickness of cortical bone between the roots, the diameter of the root, and the distance between the roots, in order to use them as a guide in determining the shape, diameter, and position of the implant in immediate implantation. Materials and Methods: The horizontal section of 20 mandibles and 20 maxillas were measured and analyzed to obtain the average values. The following measurements were performed: 1. The thickness of the facial and palatal (lingual) residual bone at each root surface 2. The thickness of the facial and palatal (lingual) cortical bone at the interdental region 3. The diameter of all roots of the each section (faciolingual and mesiodistal) 4. The interroot distance 5. The buccopalatal (buccolingual) and mesiodistal diameter of the septal bone Three specimens with measurements close to the average values were chosen and 3-dimensional images were reconstructed. Results: 1. The thickness of the facial and palatal (lingual) residual bone at each root surface Maxillary and mandibular canines had less buccal bone compared to central and lateral incisors(0.4~1.0mm). 2. The thickness of the facial and palatal (lingual) cortical bone at the interdental region In the maxilla, the buccal cortical bone was thicker in the posterior region compared to the anterior region. The thickness of mandibular cortical bone increased from anterior to posterior region and from coronal to apical. 3. The diameter of all roots of the each section (faciolingual and mesiodistal) In the maxillary central incisor, the buccolingual width of the root was less than 4mm when the depth was greater than 10 mm, and the mesiodistal width was less than 4mm when the depth was greater than 8mm. In the maxillary lateral incisor, the buccolingual width and the mesiodistal width were less than 4mm at depths greater than 10mm and 5mm, respectively. In the mandibular central and lateral incisor, the buccolingual root width was less than 4mm at depths greater than 8mm and 9mm, respectively. The maximum mesiodistal root width was 3.0mm and 3.3mm, respectively. 4. The interroot distance The alveolar bone thickness between the roots increased from anterior to posterior region and from coronal to apical in both the maxilla and the mandible. The thickness between the mandibular incisors was 1.4~1.7mm. Conclusions: In order to achieve successful immediate implantation, thorough understanding of the anatomic structure of the implantation site is critical. Selecting the implant of appropriate diameter and shape and placing it at an appropriate position is essential for initial stability, prosthodontic success, and good long-term prognosis.ope

Histological studies on the effect of morphine hydrochloride on the mesenteric mast cells of albino rats

의학과/박사[한글] [영문] It is well known that the histamine is liberated by histamine liberators, such as compound 48/80 etc. It s liberation causes degranulation of the mast cells. It has been shown that opium alkaloids and the morphine derivative, apomorphine, also have to he added to the list of histamine liberators. Lee (1968) reported a significant degranulation of the mesenteric mast cello of the rat folllowing the intravenous injection of morphine HCI. McCawley et al. (1941) first described the ability of N-allyl normorphine to reverse the respiratory depression produced in animals by large doses of morphine. Smith et at. (1951) suggested that nalorphine antagonizes the hypothermic effect of morphine in dogs. Studying tee effect of the morphine HCI after adrenalectomy in rata, Padawer and Gordon(1953) noted that the peritoneal mart cells were smaller than those of the control rats. Using adrenalectomized Hill and Poapisil (1960) showed that cortisol produced a swelling of the granules n4 the formation of metachromatic vacuoles in the peritoneal mast cells. Lee (1968), using adrenalectomized rata, noted a significant inhibition of the meperidine HCI effect on the degranulation of the meaenteric mast cells. The present study in albino rata was undertaken to determine the effect of morphine hydrochloride injection on the degranulation and disruption of mesenteric mast cells and to observe whether or not nalorphine antagoniged the morphine effect of causing degranulation of the mesenteric mast cells. Also the effect of morphine on the degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell was studied in an adrenalectomized rat. 64 male albino rat of the Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 200 grams, were used in thin study. To study the hiatological severity of the degranulation 3 experimental groups were given intravenously in a single dose, 6mg. 12mg. and 24mg. per kilogram of morphine HCI in a normal saline solution, The degree of degranulation in the mesenteric mast cells were compared 4 hours after each injection. 6 experimental groups were given a single dose of 12mg. per kilogram of morphine HCI in a normal saline solution to observe the histological changes of degranulation in the mesenteric mast cells at intervals of 30 minutes,1,2,3,4, and 5 hours after the morphine intravenous injection. To study the antagonism of nalorphine to morphine as related to the degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell, this experimental group was given the same dose of nalorphine. HCI 12mg. per kilogram of a body weight as morphine HCI. Subsequently 10 minutes later, morphine HCI was injected. The findings are compared with whore of the control rata, which had received intravenous injections of nalorphine HCI and normal saline solution. To study the inhibiting effect an adrenalectomy on the degranulation of the mast cell the adrenalectomized rat was intravenously injected with 12mg. of morphine HCI per kilogram of a body weight and the results of thin group were compared with those for the control group in which the adrenalectomized rata were injected with normal saline. The rats were sacrificed by occipital blows and absolute methanol was infused into the peritioneal cavity through a small incision in the anterior median abdominal wall and then fixed for 20 minutes in situ to reduce direct mechanical injury to the mesenteric mast cells. A few pieces of the mesentery were gently removed and stained with Pugh solution for 3minuter, a technique uses by LeBlanc and Rosenherg(1957) to demonstrate the metachromatic granules of the mast cells. The degree of degranulation of mast cells was divided into 4 grades by the criteria of An(1964) as follows: 1. the normal type of mast cell which displayed usually a round form(Fig. 1). The mast cell which showed one or two extracellular metachromatic granules in the vicinity was described as "the normal type. ", 2. the grade Ⅰ type or "alight" degranulation of a mast cell showed a few to several metachromatic granules. (Fig.2), 3. tIne grade Ⅱ typeor "moderate" degranulation of a most cell had a dean contour is shown in Fig.3 and 4.the grade Ⅲ type, "severe" degranulation or disruption of a mart cell, in which the clear contour of the mart cell is hard to identify due to severe degranulation or a disruption of the mast cell (Fig.4). In the grove injected intravenously with a single dose of 12mg. of morphine HCI per kilogram slightly degranulated mast cells occurred in an incidence of 15.6±10.43% as compared with an incidence of 2.2±10.08% in the control group. Slightly degranulated mast cells in the groups injected with a single close of 6mg., 12mg. and 24mg. of morphine HCI per kilogram of a body weight each showed in the incidence of 8.2±10.32%, 15.2±0.43% and 11.6±0.31% respectively. The decree of the degranulation in the mesenteric mast cell was not parallel to the dosage of the morphine HCI. In the 6 experimental groups, which had been given a single dose of 12 mg. of morphine HCI per kilogram of a body weight and the change in the degranulation observe at intervals of 30 minutes, 1,2,3,4 and 5 hours after the intravenous injection, slightly degranulated mast cells occurred in an incidence of 9.7±0.25%, 8.8±0.35%, 14.2±0.43%, 16.0±0.26%, 15.6±0.43% and 10.0%±0.24%, respectively. In these groups, the degree of the degranulation of the mast cell observed 3 and 4 hours after the injection of morphine HCI, was greater than that of other groups. Regarding the inhibitfing effect of nalorphine against morphine HCI which had caused degranulation of the mesenteric mast cells. there were only slightly degranulated mast cells in the group which had gotten nalorphine HCI and morphine HCI, and incidence of 10.5±0.26% in comparison with 9.8±0.26% for the group getting only nalorphine HCI with normalsaline. However, these results were compared with the incidence of 15.6±0.43% of the group injected with morphine HCI and there were fairly significant differences between them. The blocking effect of nalorphine HCI against morphine HCI, that is, the presenting of morphine HCI caused degranulation of the meaenteric mast cells was proved. Regarding the inhibiting effect of adrenalectomy on the degranulation of the mast cell, slightly degranulated mast cells in the experimental adrenalectomy group which had been injected with morphine HCI occurred in an incidence of 7.8±0.2l% as compared with which had been 7.7±0.17% in the adrenalectomy control group injected with only normal saline. Adrenalectomy caused an inhibition of the effect morphine HCI which had caused a degranulation of mesenteric mast cells. In summary the morphine HCI caused degranulation of the mesenteric mast cells. These degrnulation of mast cells by morphine HCI was inhibited by nalorphine HCI. Also it was demonstrated that this degranulation of the mart cells is closely related to the function of adrenal gland.restrictio

(The) marginal discrepancies of cement retained implant prostheses with two impression techniques

치의학과/석사[한글] 시멘트 유지형 임프란트 보철수복의 경우에서 임프란트 fixture 수준의 impression coping를 이용한 인상채득법, 그리고 fixture와 지대주를 연결한 후 자연치와 같이 직접 채득하는 인상법 두 가지를 시행하여 각 경우에 대한 임프란트 보철물의 변연 적합도를 측정하였다. 이렇게 얻은 변연 적합도를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 직접 인상을 채득한 경우 실패율이 0.0 %이었으나 impression coping을 이용한 경우 실패율이 9.0 %이었다. 2. Fixture의 상부구조가 internal인 경우에 보철물이 실패율이 더 높았다. 3. 두 가지 인상채득방법으로 제작한 보철물의 변연 적합도에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. Beveled chamfer margin을 가진 지대주에서 제작된 보철물이 shoulder margin과 knife-edge margin에서보다 변연 적합도가 우수하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 시멘트 유지형 임프란트의 보철물을 제작할 때에는 변연의 모양이 shoulder나 knife-edge보다는 bevel이 있는 지대주를 선택하고 직접 인상을 채득하는 것이 변연 적합도를 향상시키는데 유리하다고 생각되며 impression coping를 사용할 경우에는 여러 과정 중에서 오차가 생길 수 있는 단계에 유의하여 인상을 채득한 후 보철물을 제작하여야 한다. [영문]In this study, marginal discrepancies of prosthetic restorations were compared between fixture level impression using impression coping and conventional fixed restoration impression after connecting abutments with fixtures. The results were as follows. 1. There were higher chances of clinically unacceptable restoration when impression copings are used. 2. Internal connection implants had higher chances of unacceptable restoration than external connection implants. 3. There were no significant statistical differences in marginal discrepancy between two impression techniques(p>0.05). 4. Restoration with beveled chamfer margin were more accurate than those with shoulder margin and knife-edge margin(p<0.05). Therefore, beveled chamfer margin and conventional fixed restoration impression technique were recommended for cement retained implant restoration. Furthermore, when impression copings are used, clinicians and lab technicians should take more attention to eliminate the errors.ope

An Audio Fingerprinting Scheme Robust to Real-Noise Environments

최근 오디오 핑거프린트 기술을 활용하여 텍스트 기반의 음악 검색 방법에서 벗어나 내용기반의 음악 정보검색이 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 다양한 환격애서 음악을 인식하기 위해서는 디지털 신호 뿐만 아니라 실제 아날로그 신호를 녹음하여 인식할수 있는 기술이 필요하다. 이때 일반 환경에서 아날로그 음악 신호를 녹음하는 경우 채널 특성과 주변 잡음의 영향으로 신호에 왜곡이 발생하게 된다. 즉 오디오 신호 왜곡으로 인하여 오디오 특정 값이 일정하게 추출되지 않아 인식률이 저하되게 된다. 따라서 왜곡에 강인한 오디오 핑거프리트 기술을 통해 실제 어플리케이션에 적합하도록 빠른 검색시간과 인식 정확도를 높이는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문은 확률적 패턴 모델링 방식에 확률 모델의 유사도를 측정하기 위해 새로운 거리척도 함수를 제안하였다. 그리고 오디오 해슁 기법에서 실제 잡음 환경에 강인한 오디오 핑거프린트를 추출하기 위해 기존의 HPF 타입의 주파수 필터링의 대안으로 2차 FIR 필터의 BPF 타입을 제안하엿고 채널 왜곡에 강인한 오디오 핑거프린트를 추출하기 위해 기존의 HPF 타입의 시간축 필터링의 대안으로 RASTA를 적용하였다. 다양한 잡음환경 및 채널환경에서 실험에서 제안한 방법들이 음악 인식 성능 개선에 효과적이었다

Audio Fingerprint Extraction Method Using Multi-Level Quantization Scheme

본 연구는 정보통신부 및 정보통신연구진흥원의 디지털미디어연구소 지원사업의 연구결과로 수행되었음

MPEG-7 오디오 하위 서술자를 이용한 음악 검색 방법에 관한 연구

본 논문은 한국전자통신연구원 "지능형 방송서비스 핵심기술 개발"에 관한 공동연구과제 수행의 일환으로 얻어진 연구결과입니다