Gender-Specific Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency among Korean Adolescents: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010~2011)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between male and female Korean adolescents and to investigate gender-specific factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 975 adolescents aged 12-18 years who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2011). Multiple logistic regression using complex sample analysis was performed to examine gender-specific factors associated with vitamin D deficiency with adjustments for covariates. Results: Among the participants, 82.9% had vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher among female adolescents (88.4%) than their male counterparts (78.4%). A rural place of residence (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19~0.87; p=.021) and daily milk intake (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07~0.75; p=.015) were significant factors significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency in males, while body mass index (OR, 8.40; 95% CI, 1.05~67.04, p=.045) and having breakfast (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10~0.49; p<.001) showed significant relationships in females. Conclusion: The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for developing effective strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency in Korean adolescents. The different factors influencing vitamin D deficiency in males and females should be considered when providing interventions.ope

The Relationships between Particulate Matter Risk Perception, Knowledge, and Health Promoting Behaviors among College Students

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationships between particulate matter risk perception, knowledge, and perceived barriers and health-promoting behaviors among college students. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from September 1 to 30, 2017. The study sample consisted of 85 students from a university, Seoul. Students not living in the Seoul metropolitan area during the spring 2017 semester were excluded from participation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to identify relationships among study variables. Results: A significant positive correlation existed between particulate matter risk perception and health-promoting behaviors related to particulate matter (r=.51, p<.001). Among the risk perception subdomains, attention (r=.47, p<.001) and health effect (r=.55, p<.001) showed strong positive relationships with health-promoting behaviors. No significant relationships were found between knowledge (r=.12, p=.288) or perceived barriers (r=-.12, p=.264) and health-promoting behaviors related to particulate matter. Conclusion: Based on the study results, strategies for enhancing particulate matter risk perception are needed to increase the level of health-promoting behaviors related to particulate matter among college students.ope

Translation and Validation of the Korean Version of the Revised Health Care System Distrust Scale (HCSD-K) in Korean American Women

BACKGROUND: Trust in the healthcare system is a major contributor for racial disparities in health and health care. We aimed to formally translate and cross-culturally adapt the Korean version of the Revised Health Care System Distrust (HCSD-K) scale with a sample of Korean American women and examine the psychometric properties of the HCSD-K scale. METHODS: Ten Korean American women participated in the cognitive interview. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 196 Korean American women aged 50⁻74 years. Instrument adaptation was performed using committee-based translation and cognitive interviewing. Construct validity, convergent validity, and internal consistency were examined to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HCSD-K scale. RESULTS: The translated instrument was found to be semantically sound. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure with an excellent fit. Convergent validity was supported by correlations between the HCSD-K scale and both the Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Trust in Physician scales. Cronbach's alpha for the total HCSD-K was 0.83. CONCLUSION: The nine-item HCSD-K scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity. It is an appropriate instrument for measuring healthcare system distrust in Korean American women. Further study is needed to confirm the study results in a gender-mixed Korean population.ope

Development of Strategic Plans for Advancing Nursing in Korea

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the current and prospective status of nursing in Korea and develop a strategic framework and plan to accommodate the increased demands on nurses in the changing health-care system. METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach including a literature review, an online survey with health-care consumers, expert panel interviews, and an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to develop the strategic plans and framework. RESULTS: The vision of the strategic framework involved improving health and quality of life, and its mission was to elevate the status of Korea's nursing sector as a key health-care profession through high-quality and innovative nursing education, research, and practice. The five values in accordance with the mission and vision were innovation, creation, collaboration, excellence, and authenticity. Three strategic goals, namely, education, research, and practice, were identified, and 31 related strategic tasks were developed. CONCLUSION: In response to the rising social demand for a paradigm shift in nursing care services, there is a need for advancements in nursing education, research, and practice in Korea. This study provide some recommendations to achieve these aims.ope

(A) study on relationship among perception of clinical ladder system, professional self-concept and empowerment based on nurses' clinical career stage

간호관리와교육전공/석사본 연구는 간호사의 임상경력단계에 따른 경력개발제도에 대한 간호사의 인식을 파악하고, 경력개발제도에 대한 인식, 전문직 자아개념과 임파워먼트와의 관계를 파악하여 간호사 경력개발제도의 개선의 근거 마련하고 전문직 자아개념과 임파워먼트의 증대 방안 모색을 통한 인적자원관리에 기여하고자 시도 된 서술적 상관관계 연구이다.연구 대상은 서울시 소재 일 상급종합병원에서 근무하는 중환자실, 수술실, 응급실 간호사 162명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료 수집은 2012년 4월 17일부터 4월 23일 까지 설문지를 이용하여 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 도구로 경력개발제도에 대한 인식을 측정하기 위해 박광옥과 이윤영(2010)이 개발한 경력개발제도 인식측정 도구, 전문직 자아개념을 측정하기 위해 Arthur(1992)가 개발한 도구를 송경애와 노춘희(1996)가 번안한 도구, 임파워먼트를 측정하기위해 Chandler(1986)가 개발한 도구를 양길모(1999)가 번안한 도구를 본 연구에 맞게 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 활용하여 서술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Multiple linear Regression을 시행하였다.본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 임상경력단계에 따른 경력개발제도에 대한 인식은 전임 2 간호사가 신입 간호사, 일반 간호사, 전임 1 간호사보다 높은 인식을 가지고 있었고(F=7.009, p=.000), 임상경력단계에 따른 전문직 자아개념은 전임 2 간호사, 일반 간호사, 신입 간호사 순으로 높게 나타났다(F=12.627, p=.000). 대상자의 임상경력단계에 따른 임파워먼트는 유의한 차이가 없었다(F=1.781, p=.153).2. 간호사 경력개발제도에 대한 인식과 전문직 자아개념 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 상관관계(r=0.568, p=.000)가 있어 경력개발제도에 대한 인식이 높을수록 전문직 자아개념이 높아지고, 간호사 경력개발제도에 대한 인식과 임파워먼트 간에도 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 상관관계(r=0.596, p=.000)가 있어 경력개발제도에 대한 인식이 높을수록 임파워먼트가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 전문직 자아개념과 임파워먼트 간의 상관관계(r=0.443, p=.000)에서도 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 상관관계가 있어 전문직 자아개념이 높을수록 임파워먼트가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.3. 전문직 자아개념에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 설명력은 42.3%로 나타났다. 전문직 자아개념의 영향요인으로는 경력개발제도에 대한 전반적 이해, 경력개발제도에 대한 기대효과, 최종학력, 임상경력단계로 나타났다.4. 임파워먼트에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 설명력은 41.9%로 나타났다. 임파워먼트의 영향요인으로는 경력개발제도에 대한 전반적 이해, 전문적 활동 참여에 대한 인식, 경력개발제도에 대한 기대효과, 임상경력단계로 나타났다. 결론적으로 간호사의 전문직 자아개념, 임파워먼트를 높이기 위해서는 경력개발제도의 인식을 높일 수 있는 차별화된 접근이 필요하다. 경력개발제도의 인식을 높이기 위해서는 간호사를 대상으로 경력관리제도에 대한 이해를 돕기 위한 지속적인 교육이 요구되며, 승단에 대한 인정과 전문적 활동 참여를 독려하는 적절한 보상이 필요하다고 생각된다. 더불어 간호사들의 경력개발제도에 대한 기대하는 바에 대한 충족을 위한 구체적인 시스템 운영이 갖추어 지도록 간호부서 및 의료기관의 노력이 뒷받침되어야 하겠다.ope

Peer Victimization, Supportive Parenting, and Depression Among Adolescents in South Korea: A Longitudinal Study

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to examine relationships among peer victimization, supportive parenting, and depression in South Korean adolescents and the moderating effect of supportive parenting on the peer victimization-depression relationship. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey performed from 2010 to 2016. The first-year middle-school panel collected from the first year of middle school to the first year of university was used, and the final sample size was 1750. Generalized estimating equation models were employed to examine relationships among peer victimization, supportive parenting, and depression. RESULTS: About 6% of participants reported the experience of peer victimization at least once during the previous year. Females were more likely to report higher level of depression compared to males. Participants who were from lower family income, reported the past experience of peer victimization, and reported less supportive parenting were more likely to report higher level of depression compare to the counterpart. The moderating effect of supportive parenting on the association between peer victimization and depression was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Participants who had experienced of peer victimization and less supportive parenting showed higher levels of depression. The supportive parenting did not have significant moderating effect on the relationship between peer victimization and depression. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Future research on adolescent depression should include development of interventions targeting both adolescent students' behaviors and their parents' styles of parenting aimed at the reducing the rate of peer victimization and the level of depression among adolescents in South Korea.restrictio

Impact of Medicare Advantage penetration and hospital competition on technical efficiency of nursing care in US intensive care units.

This study aimed to evaluate technical efficiency of US intensive care units and determine the effects of environmental factors on technical efficiency in providing quality of nursing care. Data were obtained from the 2014 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Data envelopment analysis was used to estimate technical efficiency for each intensive care unit. Multilevel modeling was used to determine the effects of environmental factors on technical efficiency. Overall, Medicare Advantage penetration and hospital competition in a market did not create pressure for intensive care units to become more efficient by reducing their inputs. However, these 2 environmental factors showed positive influences on technical efficiency in intensive care units with certain levels of technical efficiency. The implications of the study results for management strategies and health policy may vary according to the levels of technical efficiency in intensive care units. Further studies are needed to examine why and how intensive care units with particular levels of technical efficiency are differently affected by certain environmental factors.restrictio