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    Interpersonal Trust and Confidence in Government of Korea, Japan, the USA, and Germany: A Comparative Analysis of Their States and Influential Factors

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2010~2014 ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€์น˜์กฐ์‚ฌ(World Values Survey)์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ, ๋Œ€์ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‹ ๋ขฐ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ , ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋…์ผ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ; ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋…์ผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํฌ๋ฉฐ; ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋…์ผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ •๋ถ€์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋…์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ , ์ผ๋ณธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 4๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋…์ผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ž์•„์‹คํ˜„์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ถ€์ •์€ ์„ ์ง„์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ 4๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์‹ ๋ขฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด 4๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ž… ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€์‹ ๋ขฐ์— ๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์‹ ๋ขฐ๋Š” 4๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์„œ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋Š” 4๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌํƒ€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‹ ๋ขฐ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์‹ ๋ขฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์••๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ฐ”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ขฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ•ต์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.This paper aims to examine the states of interpersonal trust and confidence in government as well as their influential factors in Korea, Japan, the USA, and Germany on the basis of analyses of the data of 2010-2014 World Values Survey. Classifying interpersonal trust in three types, trust in family members, trust in other familiar people, and generalized trust (in strangers), the states of trust are examined in four types including confidence in government. It is examined that the levels of trust in family members and confidence in government are not so different between the four societies as contrasted with trust in other familiar people and generalized trust. According to the levels of these two types of trust, the four countries can be ranked as higher trust societies in order of the USA, Germany, Korea, and Japan
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