37 research outputs found

    Herniation after deep circumflex iliac artery flap: two cases of rare complication.

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    Herniationย afterย harvesting ofย deepย circumflexย iliacย arteryย (DCIA)ย flapย is a known but not a commonย complication. It occurs about 2.8 to 9ย % according to the literatures and can proceed to a more severeย complicationย such as bowel obstruction. There are several factors that exacerbate the risk: surgical factors, operator factor, and patient factors. Surgical factors include large anatomical defect and denervation of related muscles. Operator factor stands for unpunctual suture technique. Patient factors represent obesity, diabetes, pulmonary disease, smoking habits, and so on. Thus,ย herniationย might occur regardless of meticulous suture. Herein, we would like to reportย twoย casesย ofย herniationย afterย DCIAย flapย harvesting and repaired by Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty with literature review.ope

    T lymphocyte subsets and binding of T lymphocyte to human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in Behcet's disea

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์  ์ด์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์ด ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘์—์„œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ์•„ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ B ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ CD8+ ์–ต์ œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜, ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์  ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Suppressor-inducer(naive)์™€ helper-inducer(memory) T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™ ๋ฐ ์ž„์ƒ์˜ํ•™์— ์ด T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ์•„ํ˜•๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Suppressor-inducer T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋Š” CD8+ ์–ต์ œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, B ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Helper-inducer T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋Š”B ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ญ์ฒด ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ CD8+ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ผ ์ฃผ์š”์กฐ์ง ์ ํ•ฉ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด ์ œํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—ผ์ด ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ณ‘์ธ์— ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋‚˜, ์ด ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์™€ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ์ฐฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆซ์  ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜น์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ณ‘์ธ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ CD4, CD8, CD45RA, C045RO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จํด๋ก  ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด์ค‘์ƒ‰ ๋ฉด์—ญํ˜•๊ด‘ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ธํฌ๋ถ„์„(two-color immune-fluorescence flow cytometric analysis)์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ์•„ํ˜•์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘˜์งธ, interleukin-1(IL-1)ฮฑ ํ˜น์€ tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-ฮฑ๋กœ ์ž๊ทน์ „, ํ›„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ์ง„ํ”ผ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ(human dermal micnvascular endothelial cells: HDMEC) ๋‹จ์ธต์— ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. CD4+ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, CD4+/CD8+ ๋น„๋„ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์ด์ค‘์ƒ‰ ๋ฉด์—ญํ˜•๊ด‘ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ CD4+ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ์•„ํ˜•์€ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด CD4+CD45RA+ naive T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, CD4+CD45R0+ memory T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. HDMEC์— ์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก IL-lฮฑ ํ˜น์€ TNF-ฮฑ ์ฒ˜์น˜ ํ›„ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ HDMEC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜์˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 4. CD4+CD45RA+ naive T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์™€ CD4+CD45R0+ memory T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ•œ์ž์™€ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ IL-1ฮฑ์™€ TNF-ฮฑ ์ฒ˜์น˜ ํ›„ HDMEC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฒ  ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ memory T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์™€ naive T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์˜์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ฐฉ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” CD4+CD45RA+ naive T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” CD8+ ์–ต์ œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ์–ต์ œ T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ HDMEC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก T ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ฒดํŠธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ, ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๋ถ€์œ„๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ฃผ์œ„ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ธํฌ ์นจ์œค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Behcet's disease represents a polygymptomatic, recurrent vasculitis with a chronic course. Its etiology and pathogenesis still remains unc1ear. Several immunological abnormalities have been described in this disease and especially altered cell mediated immunity has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis. Recently, suppressor- inducer(naive , CD4+ CD45RA+) and helper- inducer(memory , CD4+ CD45R0+)human T cell subsets have been identified by their relevant monoclonal antibodies. A vascular reaction or vasculitis of lymphocytic type with necrotizing features is the histological counterpart of the diverse mucocutaneous lesions of Behcet's disease. It bas been suspected that human dermal micmvascular endothelial cells(HDMEC) are important part in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease. However, there was no report for HDMEC-T Iymphocyte adhesion in Behcet's disease. We have investigated the subpopulation differences in CD4+ T lymphocytes and the adhesiveness of T lymphocytes to cultured HDMEC in the presence of IL-lฮฑ, or TNF-ฮฑ using T lymphocytes isolated from normal human subjects and Behcet's disease patients respectively. T lymphocyte subsets were evaluated by the two- color immune-fluorescence flow cytometric analysis using anti CD4-, CD8-, CD45RA- and CD45R0 monoclonal antibodies. The binding assay of T lymphocytes to HDMEC was performed before and after stimulating HDMEC with IL-lฮฑ or TNF-ฮฑ. 1. The number of CD4+ T cells and the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio decreased in patient with Behcet's disease compared to normal controls. 2. In the CD4+ T cell subpopulatioiN there was a significant decrease in the CD4+CD45RA+ cell number with a slight increase in the CD4+CD45R0+ cell number. 3. After stimulating HDMEC with IL-lฮฑ and TNF-ฮฑ, the degree of T lymphocye-HDMEC adhesion generally increased by E:T ratio dependent manner in patient with Behcet's disease compared to normal controls. 4. Increased binding of CD4+CD45RA+ naive T lymphocytes and CD4+CD45R0+memory T lymphocytes to HDMEC was induced after stimulation with IL-lฮฑ and TNP-ฮฑ in both patients and normal controls. The increasing rate was higher in Behcet's disease patients than in normal controls. There was no difference in T lymphocyte-HDMEC adhesion between memory and naive T lymphocytes. From these finding it can be postulated that the decrease in the CD4+CD45RA+count may lead to the inactivation of CD8+ suppressor cells resulting in abnormal immune suppression shown in Behcet's disease. Proinflammatory cytokines may also play an integral role in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease by activating endothelial cells increasing the interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Increasing the interaction between T lymphocytes and HDMEC may be indirect evidence of activation of cell-mediated immunity.restrictio

    Differntiation of a colon cancer cell line on reconstituted basement membrane in vitro

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต,1997.Maste

    Effect of protein kinase C on the recovery after acute skin barrier disruption

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    ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ํ™”ํ•™์ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ , ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ํ‘œํ”ผ์ธต ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ์งˆ์ธต์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ์งˆ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์งˆ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์งˆ์€ ํ‘œํ”ผ ๋‚ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์งˆ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์งˆ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ”ผ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์ธต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธตํŒ์†Œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์ธต๊ณผ ๊ฐ์งˆ์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์™ธ ์œ ์ถœ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—๋Š” ํ‘œํ”ผ ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด์˜จ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์งˆํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ์ธ protein kinase C (PKC)๋Š” serine threonine kinase ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ์งˆํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์งˆํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์นผ์Š˜์— ์˜ํ•œ PKC์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋Š” involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ๊ฐ์งˆํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ PKC์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์งˆ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์งˆ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์„ธ๋ผ๋งˆ์ด๋“œ(ceramide)์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ PKC์™€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ” ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ชจ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PKC๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํ•‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 8-12 ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ชจ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ Western blot๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ PKC ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ PKC ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์งˆ์ธต๋‚ด ์ง€์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œํ”ผ ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ๊ฐ์งˆํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์— PKC ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด์˜จ ๋†๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ‘œํ”ผ์—์„œ PKC-ฮฑ, -ฮฒ, -ฮด, -ฮท์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. PKC ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์†์ƒ ํ›„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์œจ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธตํŒ์†Œ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์งˆ์ธต์˜ ์ง€์งˆ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, PKC ์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ์†์ƒ ํ›„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ”ผ ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์†Œ์‹ค์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ๊ฐ์งˆํ˜•์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด์˜จ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์นผ์Š˜ ํ†ต๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ์†์ƒ ํ›„ PKC ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋งŒ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ์ €ํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์นผ์Š˜ ํ†ต๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„ํฌํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ์ €ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ PKC ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ์นผ์Š˜์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ์†์ƒ ํ›„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ PKC์˜ ๊ฐ ์•„ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•„ํ˜•์ด ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด๋กœ์˜ ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์†์ƒ ํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The skin is a physical, chemical, mechanical and microbial barrier; preventing water and electrolytes loss and protecting human body from various outside assaults. The barrier function of the skin is mainly carried out by the outermost layer of the epidermis, stratum corneum (SC); The intercellular lipid located between the corneocytes in SC plays a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of permeability barrier function. Intercellular lipid contents are provided by the lamellar bodies that are originated form the granulocytes in epidermis through the exocytosis to the stratum granulosum and SC junction. There is a calcium gradient in the epidermis and these calcium ions act as an important signaling factor for epidermal permeability barrier function homeostasis. Protein kinase C(PKC) which comprises a family of serine threonine kinases plays a central role in the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. In the process of differentiation of the keratinocytes, calcium-induced PKC activation plays a central role in the expression of the keratinocyte differentiation-specific marker proteins, such as involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin. Recently, it has been reported that, in cultured human keratinocytes, the PKC activation is associated with the enzyme activation of ceramide which is one of the intercellular lipid contents. In this study, we investigated the effect of PKC in the recovery of epidermal permeability barrier function using hairless mouse animal experiment model. We examined the expression and localization of various PKC isotypes in hairless mouse skin after acute skin barrier disruption using tape-stripping treatment. We also investigated the effects of PKC inhibitors on the recovery of barrier function by measuring trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). As a result, we observed the expression of PKC-ฮฑ, -ฮฒ, -ฮด, -ฮท proteins in a hairless mouse skin. The rate of recovery in acutely disrupted skin barrier treated with PKC inhibitor is shown to be decreased. The secretion of lamellar bodies were inhibited and there was a significant change in intercellular lipid structure. Also, PKC inhibitors suppressed the loss of normal epidermal calcium gradient after acute skin disruption and increased the intracellular calcium ion in cultured keratinocytes. It was inhibited by calcium channel blocker. In consequence, PKC inhibitors increase the calcium ion density in keratinocyte thus suppress the barrier recovery process after acute skin barrier disruption. Therefore PKC is thought to be related with the recovery process of acute skin disruption.ope

    defect๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ,1998.Maste

    ์œ„ ์„ ์ข… - ์•”์ข… ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis (doctoral)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต,1999.Docto

    ๋„™์น˜์šฉ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋‚ด ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฐธ์น˜๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๋Œ€์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„™์น˜์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์ฒด๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ฑ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„™์น˜์šฉ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋‚ด ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฐธ์น˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๋Œ€์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„™์น˜์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์ฒด์กฐ์„ฑ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ฑ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  12.6 g์˜ ์กฐํ”ผ๋ณผ๋ฝ 900๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 30๊ฐœ์˜ 180 L ์œ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ˆ˜์กฐ์— ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 10์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ถ„์„ 60% ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ(Con), ์–ด๋ถ„์„ ์ฐธ์น˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 5% (TBM5), ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 10% (TBM10), ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 20% (TBM20), ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 30% (TBM30), ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 40% (TBM40), ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 60% (TBM60), ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 80% (TBM80) ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ถ„๋Œ€์ฒด 100% (TBM100) ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐธ์น˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ฒดํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ TBM100 ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋„ค๋ž„ premix๋‚ด 0.37% sodium phosphate monobasic๋ฅผ cellulose๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(TBM100-NP). ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ(isonitronic) ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ง€์งˆ(isolipidic) ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ๋” ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋‚ด ์–ด๋ถ„์ด ์ฐธ์น˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋‚ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ธ lysine ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ฒด๋Ÿ‰(weight gain)๊ณผ ์ผ์ผ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ (specific growth rate, SGR)์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฌ, TBM5์™€ TBM10 ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ TBM40, TBM60, TBM80, TBM100๊ณผ TBM 100-NP ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์ „ํ™˜ํšจ์œจ(feed efficiency ratio, FER)์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ TBM30, TBM40, TBM60, TBM80, TBM100๊ณผ TBM100-NP ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ถ•์ ์œจ(protein retention, PR)์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ TBM30, TBM40, TBM60, TBM80, TBM100๊ณผ TBM100-NP ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 8์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์œก ์‹คํ—˜ ์ข…๋ฃŒ์‹œ ์–ด์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ๋ถ„์กฐ์„ฑ์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์กฐ์„ฑ์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ฑ์ƒ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋„™์น˜์šฉ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋‚ด ์–ด๋ถ„์„ ์ฐธ์น˜๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ(SGR)์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” 30%๊นŒ์ง€, ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์„ฑ(FER๊ณผ PR)์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” 20%๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ญํšจ๊ณผ ์—†์ด ๋Œ€์ฒด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.Contents i List of Tables ii Abstract (in Korean) iii I. Experiment 1 Abstract 1 1. Introduction 3 2. Materials and methods 5 2.1. Fish and the Experimental Conditions 5 2.2. Design of the Feeding Trial and Preparation of the Experimental Diets 5 2.3. Analytical Procedures of the Experimental Diets and Fish 8 2.4. Calculations and Statistical Analysis 9 3. Results 10 4. Discussion 19 II. Conclusion 23 III. Acknowledgements 24 IV. Reference

    ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฐ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์™ธ๊ด€์ƒ ์†Œํ™”์œจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 2. ๊น€์œ ์šฉ.The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) announced that the number of domestic cat households in 2015 was increased by 63.7% compared to 2012, according to a national survey of public awareness about animal care. This result suggested that the negative perception of cats was reduced and the behavior of independent cats was in harmony with modern life patterns. Cats are engaging in paw licking and face washing as well as licking the pelage in their normal life. A cat can spend approximately 25% to 30% of its time on grooming (Hart, 1976bPanaman, 1981). Some cats have been observed to spend up to one-third of their awake time for grooming (Loureiro et al., 2014). Daily hygiene routine of grooming in cats results in the formation of hairballs, or trichobezoars when the animals are licked and ingested their own hair (Loureiro et al., 2014). Cats can generally get rid themselves of this problem by retching until the hairball is vomited. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the time budget and organization of grooming both in short-haired and long-haired cats. And the other purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of grooming behavior of cats on apparent digestibility in domestic cats (Felis catus) by comparing the apparent digestibility of domestic cats using hair-included-feces and hair-removed-feces. A total of 10 adult domestic cats, average 4.3ยฑ0.89 kg body weight and average 3.5ยฑ1.38 year, were used for behavioral observation. There was no significant difference between long-haired cats and short-haired cats in behavioral time budget and organization of grooming. A total of 14 adult domestic cats, average 4.5ยฑ1.21 kg body weight and average 3.3ยฑ1.38 year, were used for nutrient digestibility trial. The treatments of digestibility trial were HIhair-included-digestibility and HRhair-removed- digestibility. The apparent nutrient digestibility using hair-removed-feces was higher than hair-included-feces. Therefore, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, ADF and NDF has been underestimated approximately 6%, 7%, 15%, 12% and 10%, respectively when calculated using conventional digestibility method for domestic cats. Because of the chemical composition of hair included in feces, the nutrient digestibility using hair-removed-feces was higher than that of hair- included-feces. The nutrient digestibility between long-haired and short-haired cats had no difference when it was calculated with hair-included-feces. However digestibility of NDF and amino acid in long-haired cats showed higher than that of short-haired cats approximately 4-8%. Therefore, this experiment demonstrated that the presence of hair in the fecal samples should be considered before calculating the apparent nutrient digestibility of domestic cats (Felis catus).โ… . General Introduction 1 โ…ก. Literature Review 5 1. Introduction 5 1.1. Recent situation of pet industry in Korea 5 1.2. Nutrient requirement for Felis catus 6 2. Grooming behavior 8 2.1. Grooming behavior in Felis catus 8 2.1.1. Functions of grooming behavior 8 2.1.2. Types of grooming in cats 9 3. Hairball of domestic cats 14 3.1. Hairball formation in domestic cats 14 3.1.1. Physiology of hairball formation 15 3.1.2. Feed for preventing hairball 15 3.2. Chemical composition of hair 17 4. Apparent digestibility trial in cats 18 4.1. Adaptation period of apparent digestibility trial in cats 18 4.2. Sample collection of apparent digestibility trial in cats 19 โ…ข. Effect of Cats Grooming Behavior on Apparent Digestibility in Domestic Cats 22 Abstract 22 Introduction 23 Materials and Methods 26 Results and Discussion 35 Conclusion 43 โ…ฃ. Literature cited 44 โ…ค. Summary in Korean 78Maste

    Biofiltration for Removal of Odor Gases

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