8 research outputs found

    Erythropoietic Potential of CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Human Cord Blood and G-CSF-Mobilized Peripheral Blood

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    Red blood cell (RBC) supply for transfusion has been severely constrained by the limited availability of donor blood and the emergence of infection and contamination issues. Alternatively, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human organs have been increasingly considered as safe and effective blood source. Several methods have been studied to obtain mature RBCs from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells via in vitro culture. Among them, human cord blood (CB) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized adult peripheral blood (mPB) are common adult stem cells used for allogeneic transplantation. Our present study focuses on comparing CB- and mPB-derived stem cells in differentiation from CD34+ cells into mature RBCs. By using CD34+ cells from cord blood and G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood, we showed in vitro RBC generation of artificial red blood cells. Our results demonstrate that CB- and mPB-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells have similar characteristics when cultured under the same conditions, but differ considerably with respect to expression levels of various genes and hemoglobin development. This study is the first to compare the characteristics of CB- and mPB-derived erythrocytes. The results support the idea that CB and mPB, despite some similarities, possess different erythropoietic potentials in in vitro culture systems.ope

    ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹ ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ๊น€์ข…์šฑ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์‹ ์†Œ์„ค ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ 1912๋…„์— ์ถ”์›”์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋…์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ํ•œ ๋ชธ์— ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ์ด์–ด ๊ธˆ๊ฐ•๋ฌธโ‹…์•ˆ์˜ ์„ฑโ‹…๋Šฅ๋ผ๋„โ‹…์ถ˜๋ชฝ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” 1927๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋„์‹œ๋ก ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ ํ™œ์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ”๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€์™€ ์ „๊ทผ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ž์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ๊ฒฉ๋ณ€๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ์‹ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ํฅ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ, ๊ต์ฒด๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ชธ์†Œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ์นœ์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ†ต์†์„ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ์นœ์ผ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ผ์ง„ํšŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฌด์˜€๋˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ†ต์†์„ฑ์€ ๊ณ ์ „์†Œ์„ค๋กœ์˜ ํ‡ดํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ €ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ•™์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ•€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ์—„์—ฐํžˆ ์ด์ธ์ง, ์ดํ•ด์กฐ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ์‹ ์†Œ์„ค ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์— ์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ์ƒ์• ์™€ ๋ฌธํ•„ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ฐํžŒ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ํ–‰์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ์ƒ์• ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง„์ผ๋ณด ๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ตœ์˜๋…„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด์„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ๋˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—ฐ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์€ 1910๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ณ„, ๋ฐ˜๋„์‹œ๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ธฐํ–‰๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ์ฒ˜๋…€์ž‘ ์ถ”์›”์ƒ‰์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ ์žฌ์งํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช…์Šน๊ณ ์ ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐํ–‰๋ฌธ์„ ์“ด ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ๋ช…์Šน์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์‚ฐ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์ง€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๊ธˆ๊ฐ•๋ฌธ, ๋Šฅ๋ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์„ค ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค์˜ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜ผ์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์€ 1920๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ ์œ„์ธ์ „์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1920๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„-๋งŒ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฌผ-๋งˆ์ ์„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์ด ๋ถ€๋‹จํžˆ ํ•ด์™ธ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์กฐ์„ ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•”๋ฌต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ฃผ์•ˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ค์กด ์ธ๋ฌผ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŽธ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ถœํŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์–ด ์™”๋˜ ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹ ๋ฌธํ•™์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ์ดˆ์„์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ 2 2. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹์˜ ์ƒ์• ์™€ ๋ฌธํ•„ํ™œ๋™ 10 2.1. ์ตœ์ฐฌ์‹๊ณผ ์ตœ์˜๋…„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ 10 2.2. ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ž์ฒดํ—˜๊ณผ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™ 15 3. 1910๋…„๋Œ€ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 23 3.1. ๊ธฐํ–‰๋ฌธ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ์†Œ์„ค ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ 23 3.2. ์ „ํ†ต์  ์˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๊ณผ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ 34 4. 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ๋น„ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ 45 4.1. ๋งŒ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑํ™” 45 4.2. ์‹ค์กด ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ 56 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  67 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 69 ๋ถ€๋ก1 75 ๋ถ€๋ก2 82 Abstract 88Maste

    Restoration of cardiac function using ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood in rats with acute myocardial infarction

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    Dept. of Medical Science/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰์ฆ์€ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰์ฆ์— ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์šฉ์€ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ธํฌ๋‚˜ ์ž๊ฐ€๋‹จํ•ต๊ตฌ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง ๋™์ข…์„ธํฌ์ด์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์กฐ์ง์— ์ด์‹ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ „์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž„์ƒ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„์ง๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰ ํ›„ ์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํšŒ๋ณต์—๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ธํฌ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ด์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข€๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์„ธํฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธํฌ ์›์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์‚ฌ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ๋™์ข…์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ์ด์‹์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธํฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ธํฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ธํฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1) ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  2) ์ด๋“ค ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์„ธํฌ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•, ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3) ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰ SD ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ด์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์‹ ํ›„ 4์ฃผ ๋’ค์— ์‹ฌ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹ฌ ์กฐ์ง ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ง ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์žฌ์ƒ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹๊ตฐ, ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด์‹ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ด์‹๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ ์œ ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰ ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰๋ถ€์œ„ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ง ์šฉ์ ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ•์ถœ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ ์œ ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด์‹ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ด ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ๋งŒ์„ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹์˜ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ๋… ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์”ฉ ์ด์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ์ , ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œ ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘ํšจ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ ์œ ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ŠฅํšŒ๋ณต์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฅ์— ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์ด์ข…๊ฐ„ ์ด์‹์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒด์™ธ ์ฆํญํ•œ ๋‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์› ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ด์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์„ธํฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Background: Many researchers have made lots of attempts, in order to restore the heart function from cardiac infarction. Recently, a kind of novel cell therapy has become an acceptable source of treatment methods for cardiac functional disorder and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) especially represent a promising tool for new clinical concepts in cellular therapy. Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) not only contains abundant immature stem/progenitor cells more than other adult stem cell source, but also have a remarkable capacity of differentiating into many types of tissue cells. To examine whether hUCB derived EPC and MSC restore the cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we isolated, expanded and characterized the hUCB derived EPC and MSC in vitro and performed in vivo animal experiments given cell transplantation.Methods: The hUCB was collected in sterile blood bags containing CPDA-1 from normal full-term deliveries. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated using Ficoll-Hypaque, and plated MNC on the fibronectin coated six well culture dishes. Among adherent cells we isolated and ex vivo expanded the EPC and MSC. The characterization of cells was performed by flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemical stains. hUCB derived EPC, MSC and combination of both (1:1) in endothelial cell basal medium were directly intramyocardially transplanted into the scar of a 1 hour old myocardial infarction in Sprague-Dawley rat at 5x106 cells/50 µl each group. The same volume of cell free medium was used as control. After 4 weeks, their effect on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and other related parameters were assessed using echocardiography. Then all the rats were sacrificed for histological and immunochemical examinations 4 weeks post AMI, including measurement of capillary density, infarct area and wall thickness.Results: Transplantation of hUCB derived EPC and MSC can increase the thickness of the infarct area and LV stroke volume, decrease LV end-systolic volume, and improve LV ejection fraction in a rat model of AMI. Interestingly, we found that hUCB derived EPC and MSC all can significantly contribute to the repair of infarcted myocardium and improve the heart function compared to control group. The transplantation of ex vivo expanded EPC to the infarcted myocardium showed significantly better recovery compared to the MSC or EPC/MSC combined cell injection group. In addition, the effect of MSC injection is better than the EPC/MSC combined cell injection group.Conclusion: We have isolated EPC and MSC from hUCB and successfully transplanted in animal experiments. Our results demonstrate that the ex vivo expanded EPC recruitment and blood supply might play a critical roles in the early restoration of heart function in AMI of rat.prohibitio

    Korean Construction Company Advancing into the Chinese Market -Analyzing the cause of decreasing Investment-

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ์ดํ˜„์ˆ˜.ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘”ํ™”์™€ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ์ง„์ถœ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์„ค์—… ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‚ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ณผ์—ด ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์™ธ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ œ์ผ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ์ง„์ถœ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ1์œ„ ํˆฌ์ž๋Œ€์ƒ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 15๋ฐฐ์ •๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 63์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜ธํ™ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ ธ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ์ง„์ถœ์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง„์ถœํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋งˆ์ € ์ฒ ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ๋†“์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋งค๋…„ 7%~8%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ 2020๋…„ ์ด์ „์— ์„ธ๊ณ„1์œ„ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ์ „๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‹œ์žฅ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๅฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ง„์ถœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธํˆฌ์ž ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ๊ฑด์„ค์—…์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์› ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜•ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ AHP๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธฐ์—…ํŠน์œ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜. ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘๊ตญ์‹œ์žฅ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์—†์ด ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ฐ€์„ค5๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์— ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์™ธํˆฌ์ž์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ‰ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์›๊ฐ€, ์ •์น˜. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ, ์›๊ฐ€, ์ •์น˜. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๅฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 2.1 ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ด์™ธํˆฌ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 2.1.1 ํ•ด์™ธ์ง์ ‘ํˆฌ์ž ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 6 2.1.2 ํ•ด์™ธํˆฌ์ž ์ฒ ์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 12 2.2 ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 14 2.2.1 ๊ฑด์„ค์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 14 2.2.2 ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 15 2.2.3 ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 19 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 22 3.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค๊ณ„ 22 3.1.1 ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋„์ถœ 22 3.1.2 ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • 24 3.2 ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ • 29 3.2.1 ํ‘œ๋ณธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 3.2.2 ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 31 3.2.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ • 33 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 38 4.1 ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ๋„์ถœ 38 4.2 ์ง„์ถœ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 41 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  48 5.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 48 5.2 ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 50 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 52 59 66 67 ABSTRACT 68Maste

    Neural stem cells modified by a hypoxia-inducible VEGF gene expression system improve cell viability under hypoxic conditions and spinal cord injury

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    STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro neural hypoxia model and rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model were used to assess the regulation of therapeutic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs) by the EPO (erythropoietin) enhancer or RTP801 promoter. OBJECTIVE: To increase VEGF gene expression in mNSCs under hypoxic conditions in SCI lesions but avoid unwanted overexpression of VEGF in normal sites, we developed a hypoxia-inducible gene expression system consisting of the EPO enhancer and RTP801 promoter fused to VEGF or the luciferase gene, then transfected into mNSCs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: On the basis of the ischemic response in the injured area, poor cell survival at the transplantation site is a consistent problem with NSC transplantation after SCI. Although VEGF directly protects neurons and enhances neurite outgrowth, uncontrolled overexpression of VEGF in uninjured tissue may cause serious adverse effects. To effectively improve NSC survival in ischemic sites after transplantation, we evaluated mNSCs modified by a hypoxia-inducible VEGF gene expression system in an SCI model. METHODS: Hypoxia-inducible luciferase or VEGF plasmids were constructed using the EPO enhancer or RTP801 promoter. The effect of these systems on targeted gene expression and cell viability was evaluated in mNSCs in both hypoxic in vitro injury and a rat SCI model in vivo. RESULTS: The gene expression system containing the EPO enhancer or RTP801 promoter significantly increased the expression of the luciferase reporter gene and therapeutic VEGF gene under hypoxic conditions. The Epo-SV-VEGF plasmid transfection group had significantly fewer apoptotic cells in vitro. This system also augmented cell viability in the in vivo SCI model. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest the potential utility of mNSCs modified by a hypoxia-inducible VEGF gene expression system in the development of effective stem cell transplantation protocols in SCI.ope

    Neuroprotective effect of combined hypoxia-induced VEGF and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment

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    PURPOSES: To avoid unwanted adverse effects of higher doses of single treatment of stem cells and gene therapy and increase the therapeutic efficacies, we hypothesized the combined therapy with stem cells and gene therapy. This study assessed the neuroprotective effects of combined gene therapy and stem cell treatment under ischemic hypoxia conditions using hypoxia-inducible vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). METHODS: Experimental groups included the control which was N2A cells transfected with empty vectors, the transfection only group which was N2A cells treated with pEpo-SV-VEGF alone, the BMSC only group which was N2A cells transfected with empty vectors and cocultured with BMSCs, and the combined treatment group which was N2A cells treated with pEpo-SV-VEGF and cocultured with BMSCs. Each group was transfected for 4 h and cultured at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 for 24 h. Each group was then cultivated under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) for 12 h. Neuroprotective effects were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, annexin V, and cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: Neurons exposed to hypoxic conditions exhibited neuronal apoptosis. Compared to single treatments, the combined hypoxia-inducible VEGF and BMSC treatment demonstrated a significant increase in VEGF expression and decreased neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that combined pEpo-SV-VEGF and BMSC treatment is effective in protecting neurons against hypoxic ischemic injury.ope
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