23 research outputs found

    Spatial Structure Reconstruction by Three- and Four-Year-Old Children: The Role of Color Congruence Between Models and Blocks

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์•„๋™๊ฐ€์กฑํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ๋ฐ•์œ ์ •.Children frequently copy existing spatial structures using materials such as clay and blocks in their play. The present study investigated three- and four-year-old childrenโ€™s ability to reconstruct (copy) a model spatial structure using blocks. Specifically, we examined how the ability to reconstruct spatial structures would change between the ages of three and four years and whether the color congruence between models and blocks would affect young childrenโ€™s spatial structure reconstruction. The participants were 64 three- and four-year-old children living in Seoul or Gyeonggi Province. They received an adapted 3-Dimensional Test of Spatial Assembly, in which they were asked to recreate given models (i.e., interlocking spatial structures composed of three blocks) using LEGOยฎ blocks. Their reconstruction performance was coded in terms of the overall match (whether the product matched the model exactly or not) and the dimensional match (to what degree the product matched the model in dimensions of vertical location, rotation, and translation). Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, a mixed-design ANOVA, independent t-tests, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 program was utilized for statistical analyses. The main findings were as follows: First, childrenโ€™s performance of spatial structure reconstruction significantly differed with age. Four-year-old children reconstructed the model spatial structures more successfully than three-year-old children. The overall match and the dimensional match in terms of vertical location, rotation, and translation were all higher in four-year-old children than in three-year-old children. In addition, childrenโ€™s spatial structure reconstruction was affected by color congruence between the models and blocks. That is, children copied the models more successfully when the models and blocks matched both in shape and color than when the colors of the same shaped blocks were cross-mapped. However, this tendency seemed to be more apparent in the younger children. Three-year-old children performed better both in the overall match score and the dimensional score when the color was congruent between the models and the blocks than when the color was cross-mapped between the models and blocks. However, four-year-old children performed better in the overall match only (not in the dimensional match) when the color was congruent between the models and the blocks. These findings suggest that young childrenโ€™s spatial structure reconstruction ability develops between the ages of 3 and 4 years, and that children are decreasingly influenced by the color similarity between corresponding element blocks with age. The present findings expand our understanding of young childrenโ€™s spatial cognition and offer useful information for adults in supporting childrenโ€™s constructive play.์œ ์•„๋Š” ์ ํ† ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ, ๋ธ”๋ก์Œ“๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋†€์ด์—์„œ ์ข…์ข… ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณธ๋–  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์›๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ‰์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ ค์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ์™€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒ 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„ ์ด 64๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ์•„๋“ค์€ ๋ธ”๋ก ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€์˜ ๋™์ผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€(๋งค์น˜์ ์ˆ˜), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง์  ๋ฐฐ์—ด, ํšŒ์ „, ์œ„์น˜ ์ด๋™์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์ •๋„(์ฐจ์›์ ์ˆ˜)๋ฅผ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„, ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„, ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t-๊ฒ€์ •, ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ t-๊ฒ€์ •, Mann-Whitney U ๊ฒ€์ •, Wilcoxon ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ์ˆœ์œ„ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , 3์„ธ์™€ 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 3์„ธ ์œ ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜(๋งค์น˜์ ์ˆ˜)์™€ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜(์ฐจ์›์ ์ˆ˜) ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ธ”๋ก ์ค‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ‰์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ ค์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ์•„๋Š” ๋” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ 3์„ธ ์œ ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์—์„œ ๋” ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 3์„ธ ์œ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€์˜ ๋™์ผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜(๋งค์น˜์ ์ˆ˜), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง์  ๋ฐฐ์—ด, ํšŒ์ „, ์œ„์น˜ ์ด๋™์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜(์ฐจ์›์ ์ˆ˜) ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ‰์ด ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ ค์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€์˜ ๋™์ผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜(๋งค์น˜์ ์ˆ˜)๋งŒ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ‰์ด ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ ค์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ง์  ๋ฐฐ์—ด, ํšŒ์ „, ์œ„์น˜ ์ด๋™์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์ •๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜(์ฐจ์›์ ์ˆ˜)๋Š” ์ƒ‰์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด 3์„ธ์™€ 4์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์šฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋œ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ํ‘œ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก I. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 1. ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 9 1) ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• 9 2) ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 12 2. ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ‰ ์ผ์น˜์˜ ์—ญํ•  16 1) ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ œ 16 2) ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ‰์˜ ์—ญํ•  20 3. ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ‰ ์ผ์น˜์˜ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™” 22 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 26 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 26 2. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 26 1) ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ 27 2) ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 27 3) ์ƒ‰ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 28 (1) ์ผ์น˜์กฐ๊ฑด 28 (2) ๊ต์ฐจ์กฐ๊ฑด 28 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 29 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 29 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ 30 1) ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ œ 30 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 40 1) ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ 40 2) ๋ณธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 40 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 42 V. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 43 1. 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 43 1) 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋งค์น˜์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 43 2) 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 44 2. ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ‰ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 46 1) ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ‰ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋งค์น˜์ ์ˆ˜ 46 2) ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ‰ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ˆ˜ 48 VI. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 54 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 62 ๋ถ€๋ก 71 Abstract 72์„

    (A) comparative study on the job satisfaction in allied health personnel

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Paula๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์™€ Smith์˜ JDI(Job Descriptive Index) ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด 10๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ถ€์†๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ, ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ 278๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ 1985๋…„ 4์›” 22์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 30์ผ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •์— ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ , ์ œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„, ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ •์— t -๊ฒ€์ •์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1. ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ํ˜„ ์ง๋ฌด์ž์ฒด, ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ค€, ์˜์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์Šน์ง„์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ์ˆœ์„œ์ด๋‹ค. 2. ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ํ˜„ ์ง๋ฌด์ž์ฒด, ์˜์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ค€, ์Šน์ง„์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ˆœ์„œ์ด๋‹ค. 3. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. 4. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ง„๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šน์ง„์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 6. ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 7. ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„ ์ง๋ฌด์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The study was done for the purpose of comparing job satisfaction in medical technologists with that of allied health professionals: physical therpists, dental hygienists and radiologic technologists. The subjects consisted of 278 allied health personnel who are in 10 University Hospitals in Seoul. Data collection was done from March 22th to March 30th 1985, by means of a questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Paula et and Smith et al. The analysis of data was done by use of Mean, ANOVA, and t-test. The results of the study were as followers: 1. For medical technologists, the greater degree of Job satisfaction was provided by work itself followed by work environment, salary, relationships with doctors and opportunity for promotion. 2. For allied health professionals, the degree of job satisfaction was provided by the work it self followed by work environment, salary,relationships with doctors and opportunity for promotion. 3. All allied health personnel were unsatisfied with their salary; but there was no difference between medical technologists and allied health professionals. 4. All allied health personnel were unsatisfied with their opportunity for promotion; but there was no difference between medical technologists and allied health professionals. 5. Medical technologists showed to have less satisfaction with their work environment than the allied health professionals. 6. Medical technologists showed to have less satisfaction with their relationships with doctors than the allied health professionals. 7. All allied health personnel were satisfied with their work itself; but medical technologists showed to have less satisfaction than allied health professionals.restrictio

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2022.2. ์กฐ์˜ํ™˜.4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์‹œ๋Œ€, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ๊ต์œก์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋Šฅ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ์‘์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์  ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๊ณ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์œก์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋„ท์งธ, ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ •์„ค๊ณ„(Repeated Measures Design) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ 21๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์„ค๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ, ํ†ต์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ค๋ฌธ, ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ, ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ค๋ฌธ, ๋ฉด๋‹ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„, t๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๋…๋ฆฝ K ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๊ฒ€์ •, K means ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋…นํ™”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์Šคํ‚ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–‘ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์งˆ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ›„ ๊ธ€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ œํ•œ์ -๊ตญ๋ฌธํ˜•โ€™, ์˜๋ฌธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ œํ•œ์ -์˜๋ฌธํ˜•โ€™, ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฌธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” โ€˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜•โ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ต๊ณผ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต๊ณผ ์ ์ˆ˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์–‘์ , ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the development of AI technology is bringing about many changes in society as a whole. The concept of AI, which first appeared in the 1950s, has been recently developed dramatically due to the emergence of innovative technologies such as deep learning algorithms and big data. Unlike existing advanced technologies introduced in the educational context, AI has intelligent characteristics. Accordingly, it is expected to contribute to solving chronic problems in the educational field and to innovate school education. However, paying attention to the innovation of AI technology, there is a lack of in-depth research on how these technologies affect learners when they are introduced into the learning context and how the learning process mediated by these tools appears. Therefore, when AI tools and systems are introduced in the educational context, research is needed to closely examine how learners learn based on these tools. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of AI tools through the effect of the use of AI translators in the context of performing English writing tasks. In addition, the interaction types between learners and AI translators were summarized to confirm the performance results according to the learner characteristics and interaction types that influence them. The specific research problems of this study are as follows. First, what is the difference in the learner's English writing performance results under the conditions of not using an AI translator and the conditions of using it? Second, how do learners interact with AI translators in English writing tasks? Third, how does the learner's AI and English writing capabilities affect the interaction with the AI translator? Fourth, how does the type of interaction between learners and AI translators affect the results of English writing? To solve the above research problems, a repeated measurement design research method of experimental research was conducted. First, based on previous studies, research tools were developed to explore the interaction between learners and AI translators in the context of performing English writing tasks. In addition, an experiment was conducted and data was collected on 21 adults whose English writing competencies were not too high. Participants participated in the experiment in the order of pre-survey and English writing under the control condition, post-survey of control condition, English writing under the treatment condition, post-survey of treatment condition, and interviews. In the treatment condition, a condition for using an AI translator was added. The collected quantitative data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics, t-test, independent K-sample tests, and Kmeans cluster analysis. In the case of qualitative data, the data recorded in the English writing process were quantified according to the coding scheme, and the interview data were analyzed according to the qualitative data analysis and interpretation method. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of AI tools in task performance improved learners' task performance results. In addition, the types of interaction between learners and AI tools were 'Limited-Korean type' that inputs the entire text into the translator after writing in Korean, 'Limited-English type' that selectively translates difficult parts after writing in English, and 'Cooperative type' that shows the most interaction behavior with AI translator. Learner characteristics that influence these types of interaction were found to be subject-related competencies, but there was no difference in the degree of improvement in writing scores according to the types of interaction. This study quantitatively and qualitatively explored the interaction between learners and AI tool. In addition, the effect of the use of AI tool on the learner's overall learning process as well as the performance results were confirmed. And the role of AI tools in the learning process was explored. It is also meaningful in that it provides the basis for preparing learner-centered design in terms of learning sciences in developing AI-based learning tools and systems in the future. This study is meaningful in that it comprehensively explored the learner's learning process mediated by AI tool in the learning context, and is meaningful in that it confirmed the possibility of application to the educational field and theory in the future.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 8 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ 9 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 11 1. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ต์œก 11 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ 11 ๋‚˜. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์œก 15 ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์  ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ 17 2. ํ•™์Šต์ž-์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 18 ๊ฐ€. ํ™œ๋™ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋งค๊ฐœ ํ•™์Šต 18 ๋‚˜. ์ธ๊ฐ„-์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 24 ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์ž-์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 26 3. ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ 28 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 32 ๊ฐ€. ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 32 ๋‚˜. ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 33 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 37 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 39 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ 39 ๋‚˜. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ 40 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 42 ๊ฐ€. ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 42 ๋‚˜. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 45 ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ™”๋ฉด ๋…นํ™” 47 ๋ผ. ๋ฉด๋‹ด 53 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 1. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์„ฑ์  54 ๋‚˜. ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 55 ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ 56 2. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 64 ๊ฐ€. ์ œํ•œ์ -๊ตญ๋ฌธํ˜• ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 71 ๋‚˜. ์ œํ•œ์ -์˜๋ฌธํ˜• ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 75 ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 81 3. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 87 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 87 ๋‚˜. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 94 4. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 99 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  103 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 103 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 103 ๋‚˜. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 104 ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์ž ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 106 ๋ผ. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 107 ๋งˆ. ๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  108 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  109 3. ์ œ์–ธ 111 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 114 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 127 Abstract 157์„

    Interaction Types of Learners and AI Translators in English Writing Task

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    4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์‹œ๋Œ€, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ๊ต์œก์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋Šฅ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ์‘์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์  ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๊ณ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์œก์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋„ท์งธ, ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ •์„ค๊ณ„(Repeated Measures Design) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ 21๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์„ค๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ, ํ†ต์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ค๋ฌธ, ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ, ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ค๋ฌธ, ๋ฉด๋‹ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„, t๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๋…๋ฆฝ K ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๊ฒ€์ •, K means ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋…นํ™”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์Šคํ‚ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–‘ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์งˆ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ›„ ๊ธ€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ œํ•œ์ -๊ตญ๋ฌธํ˜•โ€™, ์˜๋ฌธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ œํ•œ์ -์˜๋ฌธํ˜•โ€™, ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฌธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” โ€˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜•โ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ต๊ณผ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต๊ณผ ์ ์ˆ˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์–‘์ , ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the development of AI technology is bringing about many changes in society as a whole. The concept of AI, which first appeared in the 1950s, has been recently developed dramatically due to the emergence of innovative technologies such as deep learning algorithms and big data. Unlike existing advanced technologies introduced in the educational context, AI has intelligent characteristics. Accordingly, it is expected to contribute to solving chronic problems in the educational field and to innovate school education. However, paying attention to the innovation of AI technology, there is a lack of in-depth research on how these technologies affect learners when they are introduced into the learning context and how the learning process mediated by these tools appears. Therefore, when AI tools and systems are introduced in the educational context, research is needed to closely examine how learners learn based on these tools. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of AI tools through the effect of the use of AI translators in the context of performing English writing tasks. In addition, the interaction types between learners and AI translators were summarized to confirm the performance results according to the learner characteristics and interaction types that influence them. The specific research problems of this study are as follows. First, what is the difference in the learner's English writing performance results under the conditions of not using an AI translator and the conditions of using it? Second, how do learners interact with AI translators in English writing tasks? Third, how does the learner's AI and English writing capabilities affect the interaction with the AI translator? Fourth, how does the type of interaction between learners and AI translators affect the results of English writing? To solve the above research problems, a repeated measurement design research method of experimental research was conducted. First, based on previous studies, research tools were developed to explore the interaction between learners and AI translators in the context of performing English writing tasks. In addition, an experiment was conducted and data was collected on 21 adults whose English writing competencies were not too high. Participants participated in the experiment in the order of pre-survey and English writing under the control condition, post-survey of control condition, English writing under the treatment condition, post-survey of treatment condition, and interviews. In the treatment condition, a condition for using an AI translator was added. The collected quantitative data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics, t-test, independent K-sample tests, and Kmeans cluster analysis. In the case of qualitative data, the data recorded in the English writing process were quantified according to the coding scheme, and the interview data were analyzed according to the qualitative data analysis and interpretation method. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of AI tools in task performance improved learners' task performance results. In addition, the types of interaction between learners and AI tools were 'Limited-Korean type' that inputs the entire text into the translator after writing in Korean, 'Limited-English type' that selectively translates difficult parts after writing in English, and 'Cooperative type' that shows the most interaction behavior with AI translator. Learner characteristics that influence these types of interaction were found to be subject-related competencies, but there was no difference in the degree of improvement in writing scores according to the types of interaction. This study quantitatively and qualitatively explored the interaction between learners and AI tool. In addition, the effect of the use of AI tool on the learner's overall learning process as well as the performance results were confirmed. And the role of AI tools in the learning process was explored. It is also meaningful in that it provides the basis for preparing learner-centered design in terms of learning sciences in developing AI-based learning tools and systems in the future. This study is meaningful in that it comprehensively explored the learner's learning process mediated by AI tool in the learning context, and is meaningful in that it confirmed the possibility of application to the educational field and theory in the future.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 8 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ 9 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 11 1. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ต์œก 11 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ 11 ๋‚˜. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์œก 15 ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์  ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ 17 2. ํ•™์Šต์ž-์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 18 ๊ฐ€. ํ™œ๋™ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋งค๊ฐœ ํ•™์Šต 18 ๋‚˜. ์ธ๊ฐ„-์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 24 ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์ž-์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 26 3. ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ 28 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 32 ๊ฐ€. ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 32 ๋‚˜. ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 33 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 37 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 39 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ 39 ๋‚˜. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ 40 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 42 ๊ฐ€. ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 42 ๋‚˜. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 45 ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ํ™”๋ฉด ๋…นํ™” 47 ๋ผ. ๋ฉด๋‹ด 53 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 1. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์„ฑ์  54 ๋‚˜. ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 55 ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ 56 2. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 64 ๊ฐ€. ์ œํ•œ์ -๊ตญ๋ฌธํ˜• ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 71 ๋‚˜. ์ œํ•œ์ -์˜๋ฌธํ˜• ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 75 ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 81 3. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 87 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 87 ๋‚˜. ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 94 4. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 99 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  103 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 103 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 103 ๋‚˜. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• 104 ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์ž ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 106 ๋ผ. ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 107 ๋งˆ. ๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  108 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  109 3. ์ œ์–ธ 111 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 114 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 127 Abstract 157์„
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