Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Presented with Bilateral Hydronephrosis: Genetic Analysis of V2R Gene Mutations

Most cases of hydronephrosis are caused by urinary tract obstruction. However, excessive polyuric syndrome rarely gives rise to non-obstructive hydronephrosis, megaureter, and a distended bladder. The authors report here on two cases of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) with severe bilateral hydronephrosis and megaureter. It is Interesting that the patients were symptomless except for their polyuria, and they both presented with bilateral hydronephrosis. Fluid deprivation testing revealed the presence of AVP resistant NDI. Gene analysis for these patients showed the AVP receptor 2 (V2R) missense mutations (Q225X and S126F), which have previously been reported on in other studies. We made the diagnosis of NDI by using a physiologic test, and we confirmed it by mutation analysis of the V2R gene.ope

High glucose decreases collagenase expression and increases TIMP expression in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal fibrosis (PF), a serious problem in long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, is characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation which results from an imbalance between the synthesis and the degradation of ECM components. Previous studies have demonstrated that ECM synthesis is increased in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) under high glucose conditions, but the effects of high glucose on degradative pathways have not been fully explored. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of high glucose on these proteolytic processes in cultured HMPCs. METHODS: HPMCs were isolated from human omentum and were exposed to 5.6 mM glucose (NG), 5.6 mM glucose +34.4 mM mannitol (NG + M), or 40 mM glucose (HG) with or without PKC inhibitor (PKCi). Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to determine collagenases (MMP-1, -8 and -13) and TIMPs (TIMP-1 and -2) mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The individual activities of collagenases in culture media were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Types I and III collagen protein expression were significantly increased in HG-conditioned media compared to NG media (P < 0.05). The MMP-1, -8 and -13/GAPDH mRNA ratios were significantly lower in HPMCs exposed to HG medium compared to NG cells by 64, 52 and 37%, respectively, and their protein expression by 76, 42 and 49%, respectively, in HG- vs NG-conditioned media. The activities of collagenases in HG-conditioned media were also significantly lower than those in NG media (P < 0.05). In contrast, HG significantly increased TIMPs mRNA ratios and protein expression in HPMCs. These changes in collagenase and TIMP expression induced by HG were abrogated upon pre-treatment with PKCi. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, impaired matrix degradation may contribute to ECM accumulation in PF.ope

Effects of Walking Exercise Program for Health Status in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

BACKGROUND: It is necessary to exercise in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) patients but it’s difficult because of their physical condition and little motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the walking exercise program on health status in CAPD patients. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with pre- and post-test was designed to examine the effects of the program. Data collection was done from December, 2002 to June, 2003. The study participants were selected according to the criteria among the patients who were receiving CAPD at the department of Kidney Center, NIHC Ilsan hospital. The walking exercise program was consisted of an exercise education protocol, an exercise prescription, and a counselling protocol based on a framework of self- efficacy promotion. The exerciser group which was composed of 19 participants was educated based on an exercise education protocol and carried out walking exercise for two to four times a week upon taking verbal persuasion biweekly through telephone or face-to-face interview for 12 weeks, while 17 participants in control group were received no intervention. RESULTS: There was significant differences between two groups; the exerciser group showed better physical function (p=0.03), higher VO2 max (p=0.01) and higher serum albumin level (p=0.02) than the results of control group. However, there were no differences in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: The walking exercise program was found to have an effect to increase health status of CAPD patients. The results provided evidences for the importance of continuous physical activity in CAPD patients.ope

Current Research Trends on History of Korean-Chinese Relations and the New Qing History in China

먼저, 이 글은 최근의 한국-중국 관계사에 대한 동향 분석을 첫 번째 목표로삼았다. 따라서 가장 먼저 지난 10년 동안 이루어진 국내에서의 연구(연구서적과 자료집)에 초점을 맞추어 그 동향을 간단하게 정리하고, 나아가 앞으로의 과제를 전망하였다. 여기서 느낀 것은 그동안 상당한 학문적 기초 작업이 이루어진 만큼 장래의 도약을 위한 모색과 노력이 필요한 시점이 된 것이라는 점이다. 두 번째 목표는 최근 10년 동안 이루어진 중국에서의 국가청사(國家淸史) 편찬공정의 진행과정을 소개하는 것이었는데, 이 과제는 관련 자료의 부족으로말미암아 최근 5년 정도의 시기에 대한 간단한 소개와 추측으로 마무리할 수밖에 없었다. 이 글의 세 번째의 목표는 미국의 신청사 연구에 대한 최근 중국의 반응을분석·소개하는 것이다. 신청사의 연구가 상당한 기간 동안 소개되었음에도비교적 냉담한 반응을 보여왔던 중국 학계는 2010년 이후 이에 대한 적극적인반응과 교류의 자세로 전환하였다. 하지만 동시에 특히 2014년 이후 신청사 를 중국 주류의 한화론적 역사해석에 대한 도전으로 간주하여, 신청사를 정치적 공세로 간주하면서 한화론의 방어에 전념하는 바람직하지 않은 조짐이 일부나타나 학계의 우려를 낳고 있다. First, this article aims at a trend analysis regarding recent research on the history of Korean-Chinese relations in the modern period. Therefore, the article focuses on the analysis of domestic research - especially on research books and data books -over the past ten years. I feel that, as much as the considerable fundamental groundwork for the historical studies of this field has been realized to date, this is the time when searching for the future hope and effort is needed. Second, this article aimed at the trend analysis of the compilation process in China of the Guojia qingshi (國家淸史) realized over the past ten years. Because of the deficit of related data, my analysis could not but be limited to a simple introduction and to a certain degree of guesswork. Third, this article aims to analyze the recent responses of Chinese academic circles to the American New Qing History (新淸史; NQH) school. The research results of the NQH School have been introduced for a considerable period of time to Chinese academic circles. Nevertheless, Chinese scholars showed a relatively cold reaction toward this trend. But as was seen in 2010, this flow changed to an attitude of active academic reaction and interaction. However, at the same time, NQH was accepted as a challenge against the Sinicization(漢化論) interpretation of Chinese history. Especially after 2014, some Chinese scholars began to attack the potential political motives of this school and began to start a desperate defense of the Sinicization interpretation. Thus, anxiety in academic circles has been stirred.N

초기 당뇨 백서에서 사구체 크기에 따른 nephrin의 발현 차이

Dept. of Medicine/박사[한글]배경: 당뇨병성 신병증은 투석이나 신이식이 필요한 말기 신부전증의 원인 질환 중 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하는 질환으로, 임상적으로는 단백뇨가 특징적인 소견이다. 최근의 연구에 의하면 당뇨병성 신병증을 포함한 대부분의 사구체 질환에 의한 단백뇨는 사구체 여과 장벽의 이상에 의하여 발생하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 사구체 여과 장벽 중 알부민보다 크기가 작은 분자에 대한 여과 장벽 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있는 세극막은 서로 다른 족세포에서 기원한 족돌기들을 연결시켜 주는 섬유상의 구조로, 4 x 14 nm의 세공을 가지고 있다. 이러한 세극막을 구성하는 대표적인 분자로 nephrin이 있는데, 단백뇨를 동반하는 여러 실험적 동물 모델과 성인 신증후군 환자에서 nephrin의 발현이 감소되었다는 보고들이 있다. 그러나 당뇨병성 신병증의 경우 연구자에 따라 nephrin의 발현이 감소 또는 증가되었다고 보고하여, 서로 상반된 결과가 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구자는 당뇨병성 신병증에서 사구체 비후가 모든 사구체에서 동시에 일어나지 않을 것이라는 가정 하에 뇨단백 배설이 증가되기 시작하는 당뇨병성 신병증 초기에 비후된 사구체와 정상 크기의 사구체 사이에 nephrin의 발현에 차이가 있는 지를 알아보고자 하였다.방법: Streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발시킨 백서 (Sprague-Dawley rats) 10 마리 (DM)와 대조군 배석 10마리 (C)를 대상으로, 당뇨 유발 6주 후에 체공 크기가 250 ㎛, 150 ㎛, 125 ㎛, 그리고 75 ㎛인 sieve를 이용하여 사구체를 분리하였다. 이 과정을 통하여 분리된 사구체 중 125 ㎛ sieve에 걸린 사구체를 비후된 사구체 (large glomeruli, LG), 그리고 75 ㎛ sieve에 걸린 사구체를 작은 사구체 (small glomeruli, SG)로 분류하여 실험하였다. 사구체 용적은 영상 분석기를 이용하여 산출하였으며, nephrin의 mRNA 발현은 실시간-중합효소 연쇄반응 (real time-PCR)으로, 그리고 단백 발현은 Western blot을 이용하여 분석하였다.결과:1. 사구체의 평균 용적은 DM-LG (1.68 ± 0.08 x 106 ㎛3)와 C-LG (1.47 ± 0.09 x 106 ㎛3)에서 DM-SG (1.08 ± 0.04 x 106 ㎛3)와 C-SG (0.97 ± 0.03 x 106 ㎛3)에 비하여 유의하게 컸다 (p<0.01).2. C-SG의 nephrin mRNA 발현을 1로 하였을 때, DM-LG와 DM-SG에서의 nephrin mRNA 발현은 각각 0.49 ± 0.10과 1.71 ± 0.21로, nephrin의 mRNA 발현이 DM-LG에서 의미있게 감소되었던 반면에 DM-SG에서는 의의있게 증가되었다 (p<0.05). 한편, 18s의 mRNA 발현은 모든 군에서 유사하였다.3. Nephrin의 단백 발현도 mRNA의 발현과 유사하였다. C-SG에 비하여 DM-LG에서 세포외 및 세포내 nephrin의 단백 발현이 각각 77%, 86% 감소되었던 반면에 DM-SG에서의 발현은 각각 56%, 92% 증가되었다 (p<0.05). 한편, Wilm's tumor-1과 β-actin의 단백 발현은 모든 군에서 유사하였다.결론적으로, 사구체 크기에 따라 nephrin 유전자의 발현에 차이가 있었으며, nephrin의 발현이 감소되어 있는 비후된 사구체가 초기 당뇨병성 신병증에서 동반되는 단백뇨와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. [영문]Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is clinically characterized by proteinuria. The underlying pathologic change responsible for proteinuria in various glomerular diseases is the loss of size-selective and/or charge-selective properties of the glomerular filtration barrier. Traditionally, the GBM has been considered a coarse filter that restricts large molecules, while the slit diaphragm was thought to function as a fine filter that contributes to ultimate size-selectivity, permitting permeability only to molecules smaller than albumin. The molecular structure of the slit diaphragm is still unclear, but recent studies have revealed a few genes located at the region of the slit diaphragm. Nephrin, a product of the NPHS1 gene was the first protein demonstrated to comprise the slit diaphragm. Many studies tried to demonstrate a relationship between proteinuria and changes in nephrin in various forms of glomerular diseases including DN, but the results are not consistent. Glomerular hypertrophy is a characteristic finding of DN, but it does not seem to develop in all glomeruli concurrently. I hypothesized that differential gene expression might occur depending on glomerular size, and that the differences in glomerular size as a result of diverse isolation techniques could lead to apparent discordance of gene expression. In this study, I investigated the differences in nephrin expression between small and large (hypertrophied) glomeruli isolated from diabetic rats. I focused on the expression of nephrin, the most important filtration barrier-associated molecule, due to the conflicting reports on its expression patterns in early diabetic nephropathy.Methods: To investigate the differences in nephrin expression according to glomerular size, glomeruli were isolated from 10 control (C) and 10 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM) at 6-weeks after the induction of diabetes by a sieving technique using sieves with pore sizes of 250 ㎛, 150 ㎛, 125 ㎛, and 75 ㎛. We then classified glomeruli into large glomeruli (on the 125 ㎛ sieve, LG) and small glomeruli (on the 75 ㎛ sieves, SG) groups. Glomerular volume was determined using an image analyzer, and mRNA and protein expression by real time-PCR and Western blot, respectively.Results: The mean volumes of the DM-LG (1.68 ± 0.08 x 106 ㎛3) and C-LG (1.47 ± 0.09 x 106 ㎛3) were significantly higher than those of the DM-SG (1.08 ± 0.04 x 106 ㎛3) and C-SG (0.97 ± 0.03 x 106 ㎛3) (p<0.01). Nephrin mRNA expression was significantly reduced in DM-LG (0.49 ± 0.10) compared to DM-SG (1.71 ± 0.21) and C glomeruli (C-SG, reference value 1; C-LG, 1.05 ± 0.16) (p<0.05), whereas its expression was significantly higher in DM-SG compared to DM-LG and C glomeruli (p<0.05). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in glomerular 18s mRNA expression among the four groups. Glomerular nephrin, both extracellular and intracellular, protein expression was increased in DM-SG, whereas there was a significant reduction in nephrin protein expression in DM-LG compared to C-SG and C-LG, as shown by nephrin mRNA expression. Densitometric quantitation revealed 56% and 92% increases in extracellular and intracellular nephrin protein expression, respectively, in DM-SG compared to C-SG (p<0.05). In contrast, extracellular and intracellular nephrin protein expression was decreased by 77% and 86%, respectively, in DM-LG versus C-SG (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in nephrin protein expression between C-LG and C-SG. WT-1 and β-actin protein expression were similar among the four groups.Conclusion: These data suggest that the nephrin gene is differentially expressed according to glomerular size. Furthermore, hypertrophied glomeruli with lesser nephrin expression may be responsible for albuminuria in the early stage of DN.ope

淸末江蘇省的新政與紳士層

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :동양사학과,1997.Docto

문헌연구와 실지답사를 결합한 한중 국경문제의 재검토 - 이화자, &lt;&lt;백두산 답사와 한중 국경사&gt;&gt;의 소개와 서평

This book introduced here is the third study on the subject by the professor Li Huazi(李花子), who is a well-known researcher through active activities in Korea and China. This book consists of 4 Parts. The first part is about the Baekdu Mountain Border set(白頭山定界) in 1712, the second part is about the several problems of the recent studies around the Korea-China Border, the third part is about the problems of the so-called Gando problem(間島問題) in early 20th century between China and Japan, and the last part is the record of Baekdu Mountain exploration by herself. This book has contributed significantly to the progress of academic research by removing the many errors and misunderstandings by neatly cleaning up the various issues of the previous researches. It can be pointed out that this complement is based on the author&apos;s own exploration as well as extensive research on Chinese and Korea&apos;s literature. This high evaluation of the book&apos;s performance is due to the following findings of her. First, she corrected the wrong view that the valley and stream of Tomun River(土門江) along the east side of the Baekdu mountain link to the Songhua River(松花江). Second, by reaffirming the Installations set by the the valley and stream of Tomun River(土門江), which extends from Tomun River to Duman River(豆滿江), She completely reproduced the real results of the Baekdu Mountain Border set of 1712. Due to this discovery, Now we can reliably recreate the old Korea-China Border line. So, We can say that Professor Li huazi made a decisive contribution to resolving the mystery of Baekdu Mountain Border monument(白頭山定界碑), which has long puzzled researchers interested in this issue.N

두 가지 다른 규산 칼슘계 실러에 의한 치아 변색 평가

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discoloration resulting from two newly developed calcium silicate–based sealers in comparison with the original mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Fifty-two intact human premolars were resected 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The specimens were randomly divided into the following groups according to the sealer and the timing of core placement: (1) positive control: ProRoot WMTA (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA) + immediate core; (2) negative control: composite only; (3) Endoseal MTA (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) + immediate core; (4) Endoseal MTA + delayed core; (5) Endoseal TCS (Maruchi) + immediate core, and (6) Endoseal TCS + delayed core. An access cavity was made using #330 (Komet Dental, Lemgo, Germany) and Endo-Z burs (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and the canal orifice was enlarged using a #5 Gates Glidden drill (Dentsply Maillefer). The thickness of the buccal cavity was measured at the center and 2 mm above the CEJ using a caliper. The sealer or cement was placed as follows. First, mixed ProRoot WMTA cement or sealer was filled to 4 mm above the CEJ. Then, for the samples in the immediate resin core groups, composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied in combination with etchant (Ultra-Etch; Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) and the bonding system (Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE) after the remaining sealer was removed. For the delayed resin cores, a composite resin core was placed 1 week later. Specimens were stored in a soaked flower oasis at 37°C and 100% humidity during the experiment. The colors (CIE-Lab*) were measured by a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade; MHT) at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks. The results of color change (ΔE, ΔL) were statistically analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance, and post-hoc testing was done using the Bonferroni method at the p 0.05), except for the ΔL value of the delayed core group. Endoseal TCS demonstrated significantly less discoloration than Endoseal MTA due to differences in its composition. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that Endoseal TCS can be used as a sealer with minimal tooth discoloration. 본 연구는 새로 개발된 규산 칼슘계 실러에 의해 발생되는 치아 변색의 정도를 mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)와 비교하여 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 52 개의 사람의 소구치를 백악법랑경계부의 하방 2 mm 에서 절단하였으며, 각 치아는 아래와 같이 실러의 종류와 코어 시기에 따라 6개의 그룹으로 나누었다. (1) 양성 대조군: ProRoot WMTA (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA) + 즉시 코어; (2) 음성 대조군: 복합레진 충전; (3) Endoseal MTA (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) + 즉시 코어; (4) Endoseal MTA + 지연 코어; (5) Endoseal TCS (Maruchi) + 즉시 코어, 그리고 (6) Endoseal TCS + 지연 코어. 교합면에서 근관 와동을 형성한 후 백악법랑경계부 상방 1 mm의 중앙부의 협측 치질 두께를 측정한다. 실러와 MTA는 백악법랑경계부 상방 4mm까지 충전한 후 즉시 코어 그룹은 충전재의 초기경화 이후 잔여 근관 충전재를 제거한 뒤 복합레진 (Filtek Z350 XT; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) 과 상아질 접착제 (Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE) 를 이용하여 와동을 충전한다. 지연 코어 그룹은 충전 후 1주일 보관한 뒤 현미경을 이용하여 잔여 근관 충전재를 제거한 뒤 복합 레진을 이용하여 와동을 충전한다. 시편들은 37°C, 100% 상대습도 환경에서 보관한다. 시편의 상은 분광광도계 Spectroshade; MHT) 를 이용하여 와동형성 전, 충전 1, 2, 4, 8, 그리고 24주 후 측정한다. 색조와 명도는 충전 재료에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. ProRoot WMTA는 다른 재료에 비해 유의하게 높은 변색을 보였고 (p 0.05). Endoseal TCS는 Endoseal MTA와 비교하였을 때 유의하게 낮은 변색을 보였다. 이 연구에 한계가 있지만, Endoseal TCS는 치아에 매우 적은 변색을 유발하는 재료라고 볼 수 있다.open석

근대 중국에서의 전통과 근대: 청말민초 서학수용 시론

근현대 중국의 역사는 전통적인 사회체제의 변화 흐름 속에서 청대중기 특히 19세기 이후가 되면 청조 지배체제 전반의 쇠퇴로 말미암은 심각한 전반적인 위기상황에 직면하게 되었다. 이러한 전통 중국사회와 문화 내부의 근대적 변화를 더욱 가속시킨 요인은 두말할 것도 없이 19세기에 들어와 전에 없이 강화된 서양세력의 도전이었다. 따라서 19세기 이래 중국 근현대의 역사는 이러한 내부적 사회변화와 요소와 더불어 강력한 도전자로 나타난 서구의 충격을 어떻게 흡수하면서 그것을 중국적인 전통과 융합 조화시켜 근대화를 이루어 나가는가, 그러한 이질적인 문화와의 충돌을 어떻게 수용함으로써 새로운 근대적 문화를 창조하는가 하는 과제를 떠맡지 않을 수 없었다

Clinical significance of renal biopsy in adults with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria

의학과/석사[한글] 소변 검사상 혈뇨는 흔한 이상 소견으로, 성인의 약 5-10%에서 발견되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 혈뇨의 원인으로는 거의 대부분의 요로계를 포함할 정도로 매우 다양한데, 이 중 비뇨기과적 문제가 아닌 경우가 60% 이상으로 보고되고 있다. 이들 환자에서 진단을 위해 신조직 검사가 도움이 될 수 있는데, 무증상의 현미경적 혈뇨 환자에서 진단을 위해 신조직 검사가 반드시 필요한 지에 대해서는 아직까지 명확하게 정해진 바가 없다. 이에 본 연구자는 무증상의 현미경적 혈뇨를 동반한 성인 환자를 대상으로 신조직 검사 결과를 분석하여 신조직 검사의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 연세대학교 의과대학 부속 세브란스 병원에서 1993년부터 2002년까지 10년간 15세에서 40세까지 무증상의 현미경적 혈뇨를 동반한 환자 중 신조직 검사를 시행 받았던 환자 119명을 대상으로, 고립성 현미경적 혈뇨 환자군 (isolated hematuria: proteinuria < 0.15g 24h, H)과 현미경적 혈뇨와 단백뇨를 모두 동반한 환자군 (microscopic hematuria + proteinuria, H+P) 두 군으로 나누어 신조직 검사 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 총 119명의 환자 중 남자는 72명 (60.5%), 여자는 47명 (39.5%)이었으며, 평균 연령은 26.4 ± 7.3세이었다. 대상 환자 중 신조직 검사 소견이 정상인 예가 19명 (16.0%)이었으며, 비정상인 예가 100명 (84.0%)이었다. 비정상 신조직 소견으로는 IgA 신병증이 73명 (61.3%)으로 가장 많았으며, 비박형 사구체 기저막 질환 (thin glomerular basement membrane disease) 12명 (10.1%), 그리고 minimal mesangiopathy 7명 (5.9%)의 순이었다. H 군 환자는 55명이었으며, 이 중 38명 (69.1%)에서 비정상 신조직 소견을 보인 반면, H+P 군 환자 64명 중에서는 62명 (96.9%)이 비정상 신조직 소견을 나타냈다(p0.05). 결론: 이상의 결과로 무증상의 현미경적 혈뇨를 동반한 환자의 80% 이상에서 신조직 검사상 이상 소견을 나타냈다. 따라서 무증상의 현미경적 혈뇨 환자, 특히 단백뇨를 동반한 환자에서 비뇨기과적 문제가 없을 경우 적극적인 신조직 검사가 환자의 진단, 예후 예측 및 추적 관찰에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. [영문] Hematuria is most frequently detected on routine urinalysis and The prevalence of hematuria in adults has been reported to range from 5 to 10 percent. Hematuria can originate from any site along the urinary tract and whether gross or microscopic, may be a sign of serious underlying disease including malignancy. The literature agrees that gross hematuria warrants a thorough diagnostic evaluation. By contrast, whether physicians should test for hematuria in asymptomatic patients remains at issue, and the role of renal biopsy in the investigation of this condition is still debated. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical significance of renal biopsy in adults with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria on urinalysis. Methods : From January 1993 to December, 2002, 119 patients (72 men, 47 women) with mean age 26.4 years (range 15 to 40 years), in whom renal biopsy was performed for evaluation of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, were included. All patients were normotensive, with normal serum creatinine, sterile urine, and no abnormality on IVP and abdominal ultrasonography. Results : In 119 patients, renal biopsy abnormalities were found in 100 patients (84.0%) whereas no histologic abnormality in 19 patients (16.0%). Histologic abnormalities included IgA nephropathy in 73 (61.3%), thin glomerular basement membrane disease in 12 patients (10.1%), minimal mesangiopathy in 7 (5.9%), and other glomerular diseases in 8 patients (6.7%). When the patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of proteinuria, 55 patients belonged to isolated hematuria group (H) and 64 patients to concomitant hematuria and proteinuria group (H+P). Histologic abnormalities were statistically more common in H+P group (62/64, 96.9%) compared to H group (38/55, 69.1%)(p<0.05). On the other hands, when the renal biopsy findings were analyzed according to the amount of hematuria (3-10/HPF vs. 10-20/HPF vs. many/HPF), there was no significant difference in the results of renal biopsy among the three groups. Conclusion : More than 80% of patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria had renal biopsy abnormalities. Therefore, renal biopsy should be performed in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, especially in patients with concomitant hematuria and proteinuria, if renal imaging is normal.ope