The Perception of Recovery and Job Satisfaction in Community Mental Health Professionals

Purpose: The relationship between perception of recovery by people with mental health problems and job satisfaction in community mental health professionals was examined in this study. Methods: A correlational survey design was used. Data were collected from 176 community mental health professionals who worked in 29 community mental health centers in Gyeonggi Province. The perception of recovery was measured with the Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI) by Bedregal, O’Connell & Davidson (2006) and job satisfaction was measured with Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Lee (2009). Participants completed a self-report questionnaire. The SPSS/ WIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: There was no correlation between perception of recovery and job satisfaction. But a statistically significant difference was found between the roles of self-definition and peers in recovery and the job satisfaction. Conclusion: The results of this study show that community mental health professionals are still have a low level for perception of recovery. The results also suggest that health professionals’ understanding of the concept of recovery is not sufficient. It is necessary to include recovery knowledge for community mental health professionals in education programs.ope

Application and Evaluation of Small Group and Music Activity in a Communication Course

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a communication course with lecture, small group activity and music therapy for nursing students, compared to a conventional lecture course. Methods: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group with a pre-post test. Data were collected by questionnaires from 166 nursing students from Y University, Seoul, Korea, with 92 in the experimental group and 74 in the control group. A 13 session program with lecture, small group activity and music therapy was given to the experimental group in 2008, while a conventional lecture course was given to the control group in 2007. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and independent/paired t-tests. Results: There were no significant differences in interpersonal communications or relationships change between the experimental and control group. We found that which area in interpersonal communication and relationships had a positive effect in each course. Conclusion: The results indicate a need to consider the characteristics of students and thoroughly prepare for operational difficulties in advance of effectively administering various instructional methods in communication courses for nursing students in the second yearope

Factors affecting on suicidal ideation in maladjusted soldiers

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore levels of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation in maladjusted Korean soldiers and identify factors that influence suicidal ideation. Methods Instruments were the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), and SSI (Scale for Suicidal Ideation). The participants were 94 maladjusted soldiers from one army base in Gyeong-gi Province. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires, and analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results Mean scores were; for CES-D, 42.1±13.10, for STAI-I (state-anxiety) and STAI-II (trait-anxiety), 60.3±15.05 and 61.9±12.14 respectfully, and for SSI, 23.1±9.52. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation according the general characteristics of education, prospects for the future, and having someone to talk about troubles. Major variables showing significant correlations were prospects for the future, depression, trait anxiety, state anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Depression and prospect for future were significant predictors of suicidal ideation (Adjusted R2 65%). Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it is important to assess significant mental health problems at the clinical level and provide suicidal ideation prevention in maladjusted soldiers. Active input from experts such as nursing officers and intervention programs that focus on depression are needed.ope

Analysis of Factors Influencing Risk-taking Behavior in Middle School Students

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence risk-taking behavior in middle school students. Methods: The participants in this study were 544 students from 4 middle schools in Seoul or Gyeonggi Province. From July 16, to September 9, 2008, data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Demographic, individual, socio-economic characteristics of risk-taking behavior were examined. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, zero-inflated negative binomial regression as count model using SAS 9.1 and Stata 10.0 program were used for the analysis. Results: The score for risk-taking behavior of the middle school students tended to be low with thrill-seeking behavior being the highest. Risk-taking behavior was higher for boys and for students not living with parents. Stress coping ability, family risk factors, family functioning, peer's risk-taking behavior, and harmful environment were correlated with risk-taking behavior. On zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the factor significantly influencing risk-taking behavior were self-esteem and for increased risk-taking behavior, family functioning, and peer's risk-taking behavior. Conclusion: A risk-taking behavior approach that considers developmental needs is useful in understanding the behavior of early adolescents. Development of effective guidance and interventions considering factors influencing risk-taking behavior as identified in this study is recommended.ope

Factors Predicting Depressive Symptoms in Employed Women: Comparison between Single and Married Employed Women in Korea

Purpose: This study was done to compare factors predicting depressive symptoms in single and married employed women. Methods: A comparative study using a cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were 373 single and 355 married women. Measurements used for this study were demographic and work-related characteristics, physical conditions, self-efficacy, stressful life events, and depression. The SAS 9.1 program was used for descriptive statistics, x2 test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise- multiple regression. Results: Single employed women (SEW) had higher scores for stressful life events than married employed women (MEW), but there was no difference in depression between the groups. In examining the factors predicting depression, stressful life events and self-efficacy explained a portion of the variance in depression for both groups. Family monthly income and working hours were significant variables for SEW, while satisfaction with marriage and role as wife was significant for MEW. Conclusion: These results suggest that the mental health of MEW is not worse than it is for SEW, and they do not suffer from multi-role strain. Although different variables explained depression for these women, family-related factors are especially important to MEWope

Communication abilities, Interpersonal Relationship, Anxiety, and Depression in Korean Soldiers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore status and level of communication ability, interpersonal relationships, anxiety, and depression in Korean soldiers and identify factors that influence depression. Methods: A cross sectional study design was employed. The instruments were PCI (Primary Communication Inventory), RCS (Relationship Change Scale), STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and CES-D (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale). Data were collected from 961 soldiers from Gyeong-gi Province and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The mean score for PCS, RCS were 87.0±11.43; and 98.8±14.17 respectfully and for STAI-I (state-anxiety), and STAI-II (trait- anxiety), 34.7±10.36; and 36.6±9.64 respectfully, and for CES-D, 11.2±7.0. Of the participants 22.2% were in the clinical group for depression. Major variables showing significant correlations were family intimacy, intimacy with friends or colleague, and inconvenience in not being able to use computer or internet. STAI-II, intimacy with friends or colleague, STAI-I accounted for 44.2% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: The study results suggest that a systemic approach needed to relieve soldiers' anxiety and depression. Development of program for communication training, activities for leisure and interpersonal relationship during military life could contribute to lessening depression and anxiety in solderope

Military Stress, Stress Coping, and Mental Health Status among Soldiers who Need Intensive Care

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the level of military stress, stress coping, and mental health status and to identify the relationships among these variables in soldiers who need intensive care. Methods: The participants were 113 perceived maladjusted soldiers who participated in Green-camp from one army base in Gyeong-gi Province. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSS-WIN 20.0 program. The instruments were the Military Stress Inventory, Ways of Coping Checklist, and Symptoms Checklist- 90-Revision (SCL-90-R). Results: The level of stress was 3.6±0.70, overall stress coping was 1.1±0.41, and mental health status was 1.5±0.93. There were significant differences in stress, stress coping, and mental health status according religion, economic status of family, prospects for the future, persons with whom one could talk about troubles. The group with higher emotion focused coping had significantly higher scores on mental health status. There were significant positive correlations among major variables. Military stress was a significant predictor of mental health status (Adjusted R2 21.0%). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, stress management and intervention programs focusing on depression are highly recommended to manage maladaptive problems in soldiers.ope

The Development of a Communication Course for RN-BSN students

Purpose: The study was designed to develop and examine the effects of a communication course for RN-BSN students. Methods: The study was conducted from March 2007 to June 2007. The participants were 73 RN-BSN students but only 63 appropriate datum were analyzed. An 8 session communication program with lectures, music therapy, and group activity was performed. Instruments used for this study to verify effects were a Primary Communication Inventory, and Relationship Change Scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Also, content analysis was used to analyze the course evaluation from the students. Results: The scores of communication(p<.05) and interpersonal relationship change(p<.01) increased significantly in the research group. In addition, the advantages for a developed communication course perceived by students were ’application to real life’, ’various and new educational methods’, ’sharing and interaction through group activity’, and ’relaxation and rest through music’. However, disadvantages identified were ’question about usefulness of music therapy’ and ’a feeling of a lack of lecture time’. Conclusion: We recommend this type of course development utilizing various activity therapies to improve communication skillsope

Analysis of factors influencing risk behavior in middle school students

간호학과/박사[한글]본 연구는 중학생의 위험행동에 미치는 개인적, 사회환경적 영향요인을 규명하고 영향력의 정도를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 연구의 대상은 서울과 경기 지역에 위치한 각 2개교씩 총 4개교 남녀 중학교의 재학생으로 2, 3학년의 학생이었다. 자료수집기간은 2008년 7월 16일에서 2008년 9월 9일까지로 자가보고 형식의 설문지를 이용하였고 수거된 총 558부 중 누락되거나 불성실하게 응답한 14부를 제외한 총 544부를 최종 분석대상으로 하였다. 연구도구로서 종속변인인 중학생의 위험행동은 Gullone 등(2001)의 위험행동 도구를 한상철(2004)이 국내에서 개발하여 검증한 것을 사용하여 측정하였다. 위험행동에 미치는 영향요인으로서 개인내적 요인은 Coopersmith(1981)의 자아존중감 측정도구, Lazarus와 Folkman(1984)의 스트레스 대처능력 도구로 측정하였다. 사회환경적 요인 중 가족위험요인은 오경자와 문경주(2006)가 개발한 가족위험요인 항목을 이용하였고 가족기능은 Olsen, Portnet과 Lavee(1985)의 FACES-III(Family Adaptability and Family Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III) 척도를 통해 측정하였다. 또래 위험행동은 가까운 친구들의 행동을 묻는 문항으로 구성하였고 유해환경요인은 이기숙과 김수연(1999)이 개발한 도구 중 접촉빈도가 높게 나타난 문항을 수정 ? 보완하여 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SAS 9.1 program을 이용하여 기술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, 상관분석(Pearson's correlation), 다중회귀분석(multiple regression)을 이용하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자의 위험행동 정도는 0 ~ 54점의 범위에서 평균 6.04점으로 모험성 위험행동이 반항성, 반사회성 위험행동에 비해 높게 나타났다. 항목별로 높게 나타난 위험행위는 ‘음란동영상 보기’, ‘거짓말로 용돈 받기’, ‘고의로 수업 빼먹기’ 순으로 나타났으며 남녀 학생 간의 차이를 보였다. 2. 일반적 특성에 따른 위험행동 차이는 성별과 부모와의 동거여부에 따라 위험행동 점수가 유의한 차이를 보였고, 남학생이 여학생보다, 부모와 함께 살고 있지 않은 경우가 함께 살고 있는 경우보다 위험행동이 높게 나타났다. 3. 위험행동과 개인내적, 사회환경적 요인들 간의 상관관계에서는 총 위험행동에 대하여 가족위험요인, 또래 위험행동, 유해환경요인이 유의한 정상관관계가 있었고, 스트레스 대처능력과 가족기능(가족결속력, 가족적응력)은 유의한 역상관관계가 나타났다. 모험성 위험행동에 대해서는 자아존중감을 포함한 모든 제 요인들과 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 4. 위험행동에 인과적인 영향을 미치는 회귀분석 결과, 부모와의 동거여부, 사회경제적 수준, 스트레스 대처능력, 가족위험요인, 또래 위험행동, 유해환경요인이 유의한 영향요인으로 나타났다. 한편, 위험행동 영향요인에 관한 남녀 학생 간의 차이에서는 남학생의 경우 또래 위험행동과 유해환경요인이, 여학생은 스트레스 대처능력, 또래 위험행동이 확인되었다. 종합적으로, 남학생은 또래위험행동과 유해환경요인이 절대적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 여학생은 개인적 및 가족적 요인을 포함한 보다 다양한 요인이 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 위험행동과 하부요인에 속하는 반항성, 반사회성, 모험성 위험행동에 미치는 각 영향요인들은 서로 다른 양상을 보였으며 여러 요인들 중 가장 강력한 영향요인은 또래 위험행동이었다. 결론적으로, 청소년의 행동을 이해하는 데 있어 청소년기의 발달특성을 고려한 보다 긍정적인 위험행동 접근 방법이 유용하고, 본 연구에서 확인된 위험행동 영향요인은 일반 중학생들의 위험행동이 심각한 문제행동으로 발전하지 않도록 하기 위한 효율적인 지도 방법 및 중재를 개발하는 데 기여하리라 생각된다. [영문]The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence risk behavior in middle school students. The participants in this study were the second and third year students of 4 middle schools in the Seoul and Gyeng-gi area. Data collection was done using self-report questionnaires and the period for data collection was from July 16, to September 9, 2008. Of the 588 questionnaires collected, 14 were excluded because data was unclear or omitted, leaving a total of 544 questionnaires for analysis. The research tool used in this study to measure risk behavior of adolescents in middle school as dependent variable was the tool by Han (2004) developed in Korea based the ARQ (Adolescent Risk-taking Questionnaire) by Gullone et al. (2001). The influencing factors included personal factors measured using the Self Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1981), and Stress Coping Scale (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). Socio-environmental factors included family risk factors (Oh & Moon, 2006), Family Adaptability and Family Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III (FACES-III), and peer risk behaviors questioning the behaviors of close friends and harmful environment factors using a modification of the tool developed by Lee and Kim (1999). Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression with the SAS 9.1 program were used to analyzed the data. The results of this study are as follows, 1. The score for risk behavior of the middle school students tended to be low with a mean of 6.04 (range of 0~54). Thrill-seeking behavior was highest. The items checked as high were 'watching lewd moving pictures', 'getting pocket money using lies', 'losing lesson intentionally' and differences between boys and girls were showed. 2. In the test for difference of risk behavior by general characteristics, significant variables were gender, and living with parents or not. Risk behavior was higher for boys and for students not living with parents. 3. The correlation analysis between risk behavior and personal, socio-environmental factors, family risk factors, peer risk behaviors, and harmful environment showed a positive correlation with total risk behavior, while stress coping strategies and family functioning (family cohesion, family adaptability) were negatively correlated. 4. On regression analysis, the factors significantly influencing risk behavior were living with parents or not, socio-economic status, stress coping, risk family factors, peer risk behaviors, and harmful environments. Differences according to gender showed that peer risk behaviors and harmful environments were significant factors influencing risk behavior in the boys and stress coping and peer risk behaviors were significant for girls. Overall, peer risk behaviors and harmful environments were the main factors influencing boys but more various factors influenced risk behavior in girls. There were differences in the pattern of factors influencing total risk behavior and rebellious, antisocial, thrill-seeking behavior as subcategories. The variable which had the highest effect on risk behavior over all of the other factors identified was peer risk behaviors. In conclusion, a risk behavior approach that considers developmental needs is useful in understanding the behavior of early adolescents. Development of effective guidance and interventions considering factors influencing risk behavior as identified in this study is recommended.ope

(The) experience of adolescents with childhood cancer in a self-help group program

간호학과/석사[한글] 본 연구는 자조모임 프로그램에 참여해 온 소아암 청소년들의 경험을 파악하기 위한 탐색적 연구이다. 연구 대상자는 소아암 청소년을 위한 자조모임 프로그램에 6개월 이상 참여해 온 만 13~21세의 13명의 청소년들이다. 자료 수집 기간은 2005년 10월 3일부터 10월 22일까지로, 자료 수집은 연령 별 두 그룹에 대해 각 3회의 그룹 인터뷰 방법을 이용하였고, 자료 분석은 녹취한 면담 기록의 내용분석을 통해 이루어졌다. 소아암 청소년의 자조모임 프로그램을 통한 경험에 관한 연구결과는 다음과 같다.1. 참여하기 전 경험: [5범주 12개념] 절망, 자기 수치감, 위축, 또래로부터 고립, 환자 역할에 익숙해짐2. 참여하는 동안 경험: [7범주 24개념] 같은 경험을 나눔, 진정한 이해와 수용, 자기 인식 및 탐색, 역할 수행 경험, 대인관계기술 습득, 또래들과 어울림, 정보 획득3. 참여 후 변화 경험: [4범주 16개념] 절망의 극복, 자기 수용 및 애착, 타인과 어울릴 수 있음, 성장과 도전결론적으로, 소아암 청소년은 자조모임 프로그램에 참여하는 동안 청소년 발달과업의 성취와 심리사회적 적응의 과정을 경험하였다. 소아암 청소년을 위한 효과적인 중재를 제공하기 위해, 질병과 관련된 심리사회적 부적응 문제를 다루는 것 뿐 아니라 청소년의 발달적 변화와 요구를 함께 고려하는 것이 요구된다. [영문]The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of adolescents with childhood cancer in a self-help group program.The participants in this study were 13 adolescents with childhood cancer (13~21 years of age) in a self-help group program. They participated in the self-help group program more than 6 months. Data collection was done using group interviews, which was recorded on audio tape. There were two groups and each group was interviewed 3 times. The period for data collection was from October 3rd to 22th, 2005. Transcribed data was analyzed through content analysis.The results of this study are as follows,1. Experience before the self-help program: [5 categories, 12 concepts]despair, shame of self, shrinking, isolation from peers, habituating to sick role2. Experience during the self-help program: [7 categories, 24 concepts]sharing same adversity, true understanding & acceptance, self awareness & exploration, role performance, gaining interpersonal skills, getting along with peers, obtaining information3. Experience after the self-help program: [4 categories, 16 concepts]overcoming despair, self acceptance & love, getting along with others, growing & challengeIn conclusion, adolescents with childhood cancer experienced achievement of development tasks and psychosocial adjustment. Therefore, including this type of intervention for adolescents with childhood cancer is highly recommended, considering the unique developmental needs of adolescents and the need to manage psychosocial adjustment.ope