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    ๋ผ์ง€ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ƒ๋… ๋ฐ ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹› ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์  ํšจ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2021.8. ์ฑ„์ฐฌํฌ.๋ผ์ง€ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ (PRRS)์€ ๋ฒˆ์‹ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์–‘๋ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋‹ค. PRRS ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(PRRSV)๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ PRRSV-1๊ณผ PRRSV-2 ๋Š” 1991 ๋…„๊ฒฝ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ท ์ฃผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ์„ธํ•œ ๊ท ์ฃผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” PRRSV-1๊ณผ PRRSV-2 ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋™์ข… ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…์€ ์ด์ข… ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ๋…ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ์•ผ์™ธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋Š” 4 ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ฝ๋…ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ํŒ๋งค ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ 2๊ฐœ๋Š” PRRSV-1 ์œ ๋ž˜ ์•ฝ๋…ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 2๊ฐœ๋Š” PRRSV-2 ์œ ๋ž˜ ์•ฝ๋…ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ์•ผ์™ธ ์ด์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 4 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•ฝ๋…ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œก์„ฑ๋ˆ์— PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ MLV 1 ์ƒ์šฉ PRRS ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ MLV 2 ์ƒ์šฉ PRRS ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ MLV 1 ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ๋™์ข… PRRSV-1 ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ‘์ข…์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๊ณผ PRRSV ๊ฐ์—ผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ MLV 2 ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ๋™์ข… PRRSV-2 ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์ข… PRRSV-1 ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ‘์ข…์—์„œ๋„ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  MLV 1๊ณผ MLV 2 ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํšจ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต ์‹คํ—˜์„ PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์–‘๋ˆ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MLV์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข… ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ผ์ง€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ MLV 2 ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด MLV 1 ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ ‘์ข… ํ•œ ๋ผ์ง€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ „์ฒด ์„ฑ์žฅ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค. MLV 1 ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…์€ PRRSV-1 ๊ณผ PRRSV-2 ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด MLV 2 ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ PRRSV-2 ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด MLV 2 ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ MLV 1 ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. PRRS ์ƒ๋…๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋…๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋…๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ข…๋ˆ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค. PRRS ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹› ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ PRRS MLV ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ผ์™ธ์ž„์ƒ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผ์ง€ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ PRRS MLV ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ PRRS ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹› ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ์™€์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 3 ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋†์žฅ์ด ์„ ํƒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. PRRS ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹› ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ ‘์ข… ํ•œ ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” MLV ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ ‘์ข… ํ•œ ๋ผ์ง€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๋„ ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์„ ๋•Œ, PRRS ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹› ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ MLV ๋ชจ๋‘ PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•ญ์ฒด์™€ T ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์‹  ํ›„๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ณด๋ˆ์—์„œ PRRS ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹› ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ PRRSV-1 ๊ณผ PRRSV-2 ์ด์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ‘์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ์ „ํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด, ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…ํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด๋ˆ์€ ์ž„์‹  114 ์ผ์—์„œ 115 ์ผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ›„๋ณด๋ˆ์€ ์ž„์‹  105 ์ผ์—์„œ 110 ์ผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…ํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด๋ˆ์€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ›„๋ณด๋ˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด PRRSV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ค‘ํ™” ํ•ญ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜๋ก  -ฮณ ๋ถ„๋น„ ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž„์‹ ๋ˆ์—์„œ ์ด์ข… PRRSV-1 ๋ฐ PRRSV-2 ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์— PRRSV ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹› ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is linked to economically important disease in modern swine industry causing reproductive loss and respiratory disease. PRRS virus (PRRSV) is further divided into two major types, PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 were first isolated in Europe and North America respectively around 1991, both strains are still dominant in that discovered continent. But both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 has appeared together in Asian countries including Korea and caused more complicated disease. PRRS vaccination, while it does not completely prevent PRRSV infection, is one of the most powerful methods for managing PRRS. Vaccination with a homologous strain is more effective than vaccination with a heterologous strain and modified live vaccines has reduced production and economic losses and wildโ€type virus shedding. Currently, four Modified Live Virus Vaccines (MLV), two based on PRRSV-1 and two based on PRRSV-2 are commercially available in the Korean market. However, no studies have been performed yet to assess the efficacy of these 4 PRRSV MLV vaccines against heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 field viruses. For this reason, this study evaluated the efficacies of two different MLV 1 commercial PRRS vaccines and two different MLV 2 commercial PRRS vaccines' efficacies in growing pigs through PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenges. Either MLV 1 vaccines reduced lung lesions and PRRSV positive cells only in homologous PRRSV-1 challenges but either MLV 2 vaccines showed cross protection not only homologous PRRSV-2 but also heterologous PRRSV-1. With these results, studies were expanded to test PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 co-infected commercial farm comparing MLV 1 with MLV 2 vaccine efficacies. Regardless of the type of MLV, all vaccinated groups generally exhibited improved growth rate compared to the unvaccinated pigs but as the previous study indicated, either of the MLV 2 vaccines had a better overall growth rate compared to the pigs vaccinated with either of the MLV 1 vaccines. MLV 1 vaccination failed to reduce any type of PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2 viremia while MLV 2 vaccines decreased PRRSV-2 viremia. Taken together, MLV 2 vaccines can be more efficacious than MLV 1 vaccines in PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 co-infected farms. Although PRRS MLV vaccines has been more efficacious than killed vaccines, there has been growing concerns about the safety fo live vaccines, especially breeding farms. To meet this demand, relatively recently PRRS subunit vaccine was developed claiming little adverse effects appearing vaccines using whole virus for antigen but no comparative field studies between PRRS subunit vaccines and PRRS MLV were done before. In this study, the efficacy of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome subunit and a modified-live virus vaccine against respiratory diseases in endemic farms were compared. Three farms were selected based on their history of respiratory diseases caused by co-infection with both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Pigs vaccinated with the PRRS subunit vaccine had a similar or better efficacy against respiratory disease and had a better growth performance compared to those vaccinated with the PRRS MLV vaccine. But at the peak of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 viremia, both PRRS subunit vaccine and MLV's neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses against PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 were at low levels suggesting that either vaccine is only able to provide a partial protection against co-circulating PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Lastly, effectiveness of a commercial PRRSV subunit vaccine against heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late-term pregnant gilts were investigated. Regardless of the challenge strain's genotype, the vaccinated gilts carried their pregnancies to term and farrowed between days 114 and 115 of gestation while unvaccinated gilts aborted between days 105 and 110 of gestation. The vaccinated gilts had a significantly lower level of PRRSV viremia and significantly higher levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies and interferon-ฮณ-secreting cells compared with the unvaccinated gilts. These results revealed that vaccination in late-term pregnancy with PRRSV subunit vaccine was efficacious against reproductive failure due to heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 infection.GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 1. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 3 1.1. Historical Background 3 2. Etiology 4 2.1. Nonstructural proteins 5 2.2. Structural proteins 5 3. Epidemiology 7 3.1.Persistent infection 7 3.2. Vertical transmission 7 3.3. Horizontal transmission 8 4. Pathogenesis 8 4.1. Postnatal PRRS 9 4.2. Reproductive PRRS 10 5. Clinical signs 11 5.1. Sows and boars 11 5.2. Suckling pigs 12 5.3. Nursery pigs 13 5.4. Grow finishing pigs 13 6. Lesions 14 7. Immunity 15 7.1. Innate immunity 15 7.2. Humoral immunity 16 7.3. Cellularimmunity 17 7.4. Persistent infection 18 8. Modified Live vaccine 19 8.1. MLV type 1 20 8.2. MLV type 2 21 8.3. Co-Vaccination of MLV 1 and MLV 2 22 9. Killed vaccine 23 9.1. Commercial PRRSV KV 23 9.2. Subunit PRRS vaccines 24 10. References 25 CHAPTER I. Comparison of four commercial modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines against heterologous Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge 44 Abstract 45 Introduction 46 Materials and Methods 47 Results 55 Discussion 67 References 71 CHAPTER II. Comparison of four commercial PRRSV MLV vaccines in herds with co-circulation of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 78 Abstract 79 Introduction 80 Materials and Methods 81 Results 90 Discussion 102 References 108 CHAPTER III. A comparative study of the efficacy of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome subunit and a modified-live virus vaccine against respiratory diseases in endemic farms 115 Abstract 116 Introduction 117 Materials and Methods 119 Results 128 Discussion 145 References 150 CHAPTER IV. Effectiveness of a commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) subunit vaccine against heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late-term pregnant gilts 157 Abstract 158 Introduction 159 Materials and Methods 161 Results 166 Discussion 178 References 180 GENERAL CONCLUSION 185 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 188๋ฐ•

    GIS-based algorithm for the calculation of photovoltaic power generation on a train

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2023. 2. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•๋™.VIPV (Vehicle Integrated PhotoVoltaic) is photovoltaic system integrated into vehicles such as cars and public transportation, and it requires a computational model that can quantitatively estimate power generation because they are significantly impacted by spatio-temporal elements, unlike typical solar power plant systems remaining stationary in locations. This study, which concentrates on the routed train model among various VIPVs, suggests models and interfaces that figure out the ideal quantity of solar electricity a train can generate over time and route. Based on GIS, the terrain close to the train route was displayed as raster data, and the incident angle of the solar irradiance in time and space was calculated at about 2,700 measuring points along the route to determine whether it was shaded by the terrain or buildings and the actual amount of solar irradiance when it entered the panel. The DSM (Digital Surface Model) was developed to rasterize topography by setting the DEM (Digital Elevation Model), downloading open-source building vector file database data, and calculating the average floor height of buildings across the country. It was possible to determine whether the sun was blocked at the measuring point after calculating the sun's relative position using a celestial movement-aware function by utilizing Python programming package (pvlib). The 3km rectangular area near the measuring points was examined using an isotropic solar diffuse irradiance model to see if the any DSM pixel blocks solar ray at the measuring point. If shaded area was identified, direct irradiance is excluded and total diffuse irradiance is calculated by using the Solar Radiation Graphics function as an incident area for diffuse irradiance. For better accuracy, meteorological variables which directly affect solar irradiance, like clouds, were applied. The actual profit and loss of panel operating by train schedule was analyzed by combining the algorithm with the physical model of the moving object. The daily amount of solar irradiance was calculated by choosing the annual representative date(one day per month). Following that, the inverter and panel were set using the proper assumptions, and the power was calculated. According to the analysis, an optimistic calculation could result in the production of 98.88 MWh of train power annually on a one-way basis. Moreover, as a result of analysis of panel operation, it was found that solar panel is not efficient in winter season, dawn or afternoon. The study's findings can be used to assess the financial viability or planning capacity of converting cars into renewable energy combinations in major public transportation industry. It can also be used as a test bed for developing algorithms that forecast sun irradiance for free-path solar vehicles.VIPV(Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic)๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ๋“ฑ ์ด๋™์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ, ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง€์ • ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์š”์†Œ์— ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ VIPV ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. GIS๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์ฐจ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ธ๊ทผ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์ง€๋ฌผ์„ ๋ž˜์Šคํ„ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ƒ์˜ 2700์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธก์ • ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž…์‚ฌ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ˜•์ง€๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€, ์‹ค์ œ ํŒจ๋„ ์ž…์‚ฌ ์‹œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป๋Š” ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ˜•์ง€๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ DEM(Digital Elevation Model)๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ํ‰๊ท  ์ธต๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ DSM(Digital Surface Model)์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒœ์ฒด ์ด๋™์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” Python ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ pvlib์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ›„, ์ธก์ • ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์Œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ Python ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉ, ArcGIS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ธ ์ธก์ • ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์ธ๊ทผ 3km์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ง์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์˜์—ญ์˜ DSM ํ”ฝ์…€๋“ค์ด ์ธก์ • ์ง€์ ์— ์Œ์˜์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์Œ์˜ ์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ง๋‹ฌ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œ, Solar Radiation Graphics ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž…์‚ฌ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง๋‹ฌ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰, ์‚ฐ๋ž€์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ์–‘์„ ์‹œ์ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šด๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ง์ ‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ์ด๋™์ฒด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ฐจ ์šดํ–‰ ์ผ์ • ๋ณ„ ์†์ต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์ผ์ž(์›”๋‹น ํ•˜๋ฃจ)๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํŽธ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 98.88 MWh์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋„ ์šด์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ, ๋Šฆ์€ ์˜คํ›„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์—ด์ฐจ ์šด์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „ํ™˜ ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฐ”์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ก  5 2.1 ์ฒœ์ฒด ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ 5 2.2 ๊ธฐ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋ธ 14 2.3. ์ด๋™์ฒด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ 17 2.4 GIS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ 19 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  24 3.1 ๋…ธ์„  ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ด๋™์ฒด ์ •๋ณด 24 3.2 GIS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋…ธ์„  ์ธ๊ทผ ์ง€ํ˜•์ง€๋ฌผ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 29 3.3 ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ 31 3.4 ์ด๋™์ฒด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ 32 3.5 ํŒŒ์ด์ฌ GUI ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ 34 4. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 46 4.1 ์ฒญ๋ช… ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์‚ฐ 46 4.2 ์ผ์ •๋ณ„ ํŒจ๋„ ์šด์šฉ ์†์ต ๋ถ„์„ 47 5. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 48 5.1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 5.1.1 ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 5.1.2 ์ผ์ •๋ณ„ ํŒจ๋„ ์šด์šฉ ์†์ต ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  59 7. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 61 Abstract 67์„

    The Role of Ca++ on Contractile mechanism of Skeletal Muscle

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    Superprecipitation of actomyosin has been consi dered to be an in vitro model of the muscle contraction, and intimate correlation has been found between superprecipitation and ATPase activity of actomyositL In order to elucidate the precise role of calcium un interaction of actin-myosin, the effect of the EGTA on ATPase activity of Perry myosin B" with or without troponin and/or tropomyosin was stndied in rabbit skeletal muscle. The results are as follows: 1) Superprecipitation of Perry myosin B" with both of troponin and tropomyosin was markedly delayed by EGTA , and stopped by addition of EGTA during the reaction. 2) ATPase activity of Perry myosin B" was not influenced by EGTA. 3) ATPase activity of: Perry myosin B" with only troponin or tropomyosin was also not influenced by EGT A. but both of troponin and tropomyosin added Perry myosin B" revealed depressed ATPase activity by EGTA. 4) In the system Perry myosin B" with both of troponin and tropomyosin, addition of EGTA during the reaction caused depression of ATPase activity. It is concluded that the actin-myosin interaction is controled by the minute change of calcium concent ration only in the presence of both troponin and tropomyosin through association and dissociation process
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