계면제어를 통한 Metal-phthalocyanine/fullerene 기반 저분자 태양전지의 광안정성 증대

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 재료공학부, 2011.2. 김장주.Maste

자연살해세포 백혈병-림프종 세포주에서 gemcitabine 의 항종양 효능

목적: 자연살해세포 백혈병-림프종은 안트라사이클린 근간의 항암제에 내성을 보일 뿐만 아니라 매우 공격적인 성격을 가지고 있어 예후가 불량하다. 따라서, 치료 효과를 좋게 하기 위해서는 항암제 내성을 극복하는 항암제의 발견이 필요하다. 연구방법: 자연살해세포 백혈병-림프종 세포주 (SNK-6, KHYG-1, NKL 및 YT)를 대상으로 gemcitabine 혹은 다른 항암제 (doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide 및 dexamethasone)를 처리한 후, (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt)를 이용하여 각 약제의 효능을 조사하였고, 동물실험은 BALB/c (nu/nu) 마우스에 YT 세포주를 이식하여 항암제를 처리한 뒤 종양크기측정을 통하여 평가하였다. 통계학적 차이는 student t-test를 이용하여 비교하였다. 결론: 72시간 동안 gemcitabine 을 처리한 뒤, 평균억제농도 (IC50)는 Daudi 세포주에 비하여 자연살해세포 백혈병-림프종 세포주에서 유의하게 낮았다: SNK-6, 11.3±6.3 nM; KHYG-1, 1.6±0.9 nM; NKL, 2.8±0.1 nM; YT, 17.8±7.3 nM; Daudi, 552.9±123.7 nM (Ps 100.0 μM; cisplatin, 0.4-6.0 μM; etoposide, 0.3-2.1 μM). 세포주기분석 결과 gemcitabine (0 to 100 nM) 처리한 자연살해세포 백혈병-림프종 세포주에서 sub-G1 분획이 증가되었으며 S 단계 분획은 감소하였다. 이는 gemcitabine 이 S 단계에 특이적임을 시사하며 이러한 소견은 Daudi 세포주에서는 관찰되지 않았다. YT 세포주 이식동물 모델에서 gemcitabine 은 위약 군에 비하여 통계학적으로 유의하게 종양의 성장을 억제하였다 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Gemcitabine 은 자연살해세포 백혈병-림프종 세포주에서 항종양 효능이 관찰되었으며 자연살해세포 유래 림프종 환자에서 gemcitabine을 근간으로 하는 새로운 항암치료법에 대한 검증이 임상시험을 통해 이루어지는 것이 필요하겠다.Purpose: NK leukemia-lymphomas show resistance to anthracycline-based chemotherapy as well as highly aggressive feature, which result in a dismal prognosis. Thus, chemotherapeutic agents surmounting chemo-resistance should be investigated to improve treatment outcomes. Experimental design: NK leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (SNK-6, KHYG-1, NKL, and YT) and YT-bearing BALB/c (nu/nu) mice were treated with either gemcitabine or control (including doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide, or dexamethasone), its efficacy being evaluated by cell viability assay (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt), cell cycle analysis, and tumor size measurement, respectively. Statistical difference between groups was calculated using student t-test. Results: After exposure to gemcitabine for 72 hours, the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) was significantly lower in NK leukemia-lymphoma cells compared to that in Daudi cells: SNK-6, 11.3±6.3 nM; KHYG-1, 1.6±0.9 nM; NKL, 2.8±0.1 nM; YT, 17.8±7.3 nM; and Daudi, 552.9±123.7 nM (Ps 100.0 μM; cisplatin, 0.4-6.0 μM; and etoposide, 0.3-2.1 μM). Cell cycle analysis by propidium iodide demonstrates that gemcitabine (0 to 100 nM) increases the sub-G1 populations and decreases the S phases of NK leukemia-lymphoma cells in dose-dependent manner, implying the S phase specificity of gemcitabine. However, these findings were not observed in Daudi cell. In YT xenograft model, gemcitabine significantly delayed the tumor growth (P < 0.05). Conclusions: I demonstrated that gemcitabine is an active agent for NK cell leukemia-lymphoma in vitro and in vivo models. A pilot clinical trial based on gemcitabine is warranted in patients with NK cell leukemia-lymphoma.Docto

(A) study on factors affecting prehospital care by 119 rescue members in Cheju do

지역사회 간호학과/석사[한글] 최근 응급환자의 치료에 대한 개념이 병원내 응급처치에서 벗어나 병원전 응급처치로 확대되고 있어서 병원 전 응급처치의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 그러나 병원 전 응급처치는 그 수준이 미흡하여 아직도 단순한 환자 이송 단계에 중점을 두고 있다는 지적이 있어왔다. 병원 전 응급처치는 응급환자의 예후와 생명 유지에 막대한 영향을 주기 때문에 현행 응급 의료체계의 수립에 대한 새로운 문제가 제기 되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 현 119 구급대원의 직무 교육과 자격이 의료체계에 적합한지를 고찰하고 그들이 시행하는 응급처치의 시행 현황을 분석하고자 하였다. 국내에서는 전체적인 응급의료 체계를 위한 논문들은 있지만 병원 전 응급처치에 대한 연구가 거의 없으므로 병원 전 응급처치에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다. 이 연구는 제주도 19개 소방파출소에 근무하는 114명 구급대원을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 대상자들이 시행하고 있는 병원 전 응급처치 현황을 조사 분석하였으며 병원 전 응급처치에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 그리고 현행 병원 전 응급처치에 대해 대상자가 느끼는 문제점에 대해서도 알아보았다. 이 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 병원 전 응급처치가 실제에서 적용되지 않거나 아주 경미한 응급처치만 시행되고있다. 대부분의 구급대원들의 응급처치 업무의 중요성은 인식하고 있지만 실제 현장에서는 중환자 응급처치가 잘 시행되지 않고 있었다. 응급처치 업무의 중요성 인지도에 대한 차이는 제 특성에 상관없이 전반적으로 높게 나타났는데 특히 기혼군이 미혼군보다 높게 다소 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 구급대원들의 직무 교육 및 자격은 병원 전 응급처치에 중요한 영향을 미쳤다. 자격 종류에 따라 응급처치 시행 정도가 유의한 차이를 보였는데 2급 응급구조사와 간호조무사 그룹보다 기타 그룹이 오히려 응급처치 시행 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 병원 전 응급처치 시행 정도 및 중요성 인지도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 실무교육 이수 정도가 높을수록 응급처치 시행 정도 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 따라서 실무 교육을 많이 받은 구급대원의 병원 전 응급처치 수행 정도가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 병원 전 응급처치 중요성 인지도와의 관계에서는 대졸 학력군에서 응급처치의 중요성에 대한 인지도는 높지만 병원 전 응급처치 시행 정도는 낮은 것을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 현장에서 병원 전 응급처치 업무가 활성화되지 않는 이유를 보면 구급대원들의 응급처치에 대한 전문지식과 전문기술 부족에 그 원인이 있으며, 응급처치의 비중을 의료기관으로의 이송에 우선하기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 기타 원인으로는 구급대원들이 응급처치를 수행하는데 필요한 의학적인 지도 및 관리를 할 수 있는 응급의학 의사가 없는 것 과 응급처치에 요구되는 자격이 없는 것, 그리고 구급대원들이 구급차나 응급현장에서 응급실과의 연락 체계가 미흡한 것도 응급 의료체계가 활성화되지 않는 중요한 원인이었다. 이상의 연구 결과로 보아 119 구급대의 역할은 날로 증가하는 국민의 응급의료 욕구(emergency medical need)를 충족시키기에는 아직 미흡한 실정이므로 의료적인 측면에서 질적으로 전문성을 개선하고 활성화시켜야 한다. 또한 응급의료 업무는 촌각을 다투는 의료행위이므로 고도의 훈련과 전문적인 기술 및 지식을 갖춘 전문 인력이 병원 전 응급처치를 시행해야만 할 것이다. [영문] Recently the importance of prehospital emergency care is being recognized and the concept of emergency care is being expanded to all kinds of prehospital emergency care from being confined to the care given at the hospital emergency room. However, the present level of prehospital emergency care is very low and does not deviate from patients' transportations. Since prehospital emergency care have an significant effect upon prognosis and lives of patients, the present emergency medical systems leave something to be desired or a new problem about the present emergency medical care is rising. Therefore this study analyzed the appropriateness between training and the current situation of emergency care which 119 rescue members are doing. there are many studies about over all emergency care but few about prehospital emergency cares. So it needs many researches about the latter. This analysis was conducted of current prehospital emergency care of 119 rescue members working 119 Fire substations in Chejudo by questionnairs. Recurrent analysis was done in order to find factors affecting on prehospital emergency treatment. Also this research found same problems which respondens are feeling about the current prehospital emergency care. Analysis reveals the fallowing result ; First, almost no or very little emergency care has been provided. Even though most of rescue members understand the importance of emergency care, they are unable to do an adequate job at the scene. It showed generally an high recognition on the impontance of emergency care. Among them the married group showed a higher value than the single group. Second, the instruction and qualification of rescue members have a direct bearing in treating of emergency cases furthermore, a significant difference in the level of execution of emergency care was shown in different level of qualification they had. For example, second class rescue members and nurse's aides among the questionnair respondents showed a lower value in the level of execution. Third, the more practical training the repondents have the more scores they give of the degree of execution of emergency care, indicating that those rescue members who received more practical education give higher scores than those less practical education. Since the college graduate group understand the importance of prehospital emergency care, they showed a high value in recognition level but still a low value in performing prehospital emergency care. Forth, one of reason of the insufficient on-the-spot medical care appears to be due to a lack of rescue members' professional knowledge and skill and too much of an emphasis on transportion of patients. There are no doctors who specialize in emergency procedures to instruct and supervise emergency rescue personnel as well as lack of qualifications needed for emergency care. Other reason could be in the lack of organized communication system between at the scene or in the ambulance and emergency rooms. In conclusion, the results, shown in this paper, suggest that the role of 119 rescue has not been satisfying increasing emergency medical need of people, so it is recommendable henceforth that we need to ameliorate and subsequently activate it's qualitative speciality at the level of medical care. Emergency care is an medical care care to fight with time, it must be carried out by qualified rescue members who have received professional training and expertise.prohibitio

최대 다이버시티 이득을 얻는 시공간 터보부호의 이진필드 상에서의 설계에 관한 연구

Thesis (master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :전기· 컴퓨터공학부,2003.Maste

이중 RNA 동소부합염색법을 이용한 미만형 위암 예후 예측 마커 발굴

본원은 CCL2 단백질 또는 상기 단백질을 코딩하는 유전자를 포함하는 미만형 위암 진단용 바이오마커 조성물에 관한 것이다

유기분자의 다층 에피택시 성장을 통한 고효율 단분자 유기태양전지

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 재료공학부, 2015. 2. 김장주.Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have been attracted in last decades due to their large area applicable, low-cost, non-toxicity and flexibility advantages. Unfortunately, OPVs have relatively low power conversion efficiency (ηp) compared to inorganic based photovoltaic devices. Moreover, the stability of the OPVs are too poor to use for the power generation. Thus, improvement of ηp and the stability are key issues for the manufacturing of the OPVs. In this thesis, the use of templating materials for improving the optoelectronic properties of the organic layers are reported and the mechanism of the templating effects is discussed. Firstly, we report that the use of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and copper iodide (CuI) as a double interfacial layer improves the ηp and the photo-stability at the same time in zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) based photovoltaic cells. The absorption of the ZnPc film is enhanced 1.6 times by insertion of CuI as a template layer. Resultantly, the OPV with a CuI interfacial layer increases the efficiency significantly to 3.3%. However, the photo-stability is lowered even further. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis reveals that the diffusion of Cu atoms or ions is the origin of the photo-degradation of the device. Insertion of the MoO3 layer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) and CuI prevents the diffusion of Cu atoms or ions under UV illumination. To reveal the origin of the templating effects, the optoelectronic properties of lead-phthalocyanine (PbPc) and the performance of OPVs have been investigated by using three copper halogen compounds (CuCl, CuBr, CuI) possessing different lattice parameters as the templating layers. The crystallinity of the PbPc films was the highest on CuI followed by CuBr and CuCl, resulting in the broadening of Q-band absorption in the same order. The templating effects were able to be described by heteroepitaxial growth of organic molecules on the templating layers and the dimensionless potential calculated using a lattice model for the overlayer-substrate systems showed good correlation between the degree of epitaxy and the crystallinity of PbPc overlayers. Furthermore, the performance of OPVs was consistent with the prediction from the calculation results and the observation from the optical and structural analyses. Finally, the templating effect extends to multilayers to increase the crystallinity and to modify the orientation of the crystals of PbPc and C70 layers at the same time by adopting CuBr as a new templating layer on ITO. The formation of a monoclinic phase with a preferred orientation of (320) for PbPc and a fcc phase with a preferred orientation of (220) for C70 on the PbPc layer is revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The multilayer epitaxy results in an increase of the exciton diffusion lengths from 5.6 to 8.8 nm for PbPc and from 6.9 to 13.8 nm for C70 to enhance the ηp of the planar heterojunction OPVs composed of PbPc and C70. The heteroepitaxy model also explains the multilayer epitaxy.Contents Abstract i Contents ii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation and outline of thesis 1 1.1.1 Motivation 1 1.1.2 Outline of thesis 3 1.2 Organic photovoltaic cells 6 1.2.1 Working principles of organic photovoltaic cells 6 1.2.2 Basic characterization of organic photovoltaic cells 8 1.2.3 Vacuum deposited small molecular organic photovoltaic cells 14 1.3 Epitaxial growth of organic molecules and simple lattice modelling 23 1.3.1 Epitaxial growth of organic molecules 23 1.3.2 Energetic consideration and simple lattice modelling 27 Chapter 2 High efficiency and high photo-stability zinc-phthalocyanine based planar heterojunction solar cells with a double interfacial layer 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Experimental 36 2.2.1 Device fabrication and characterization 36 2.2.2 Device aging condition 37 2.2.3 Depth profiling 37 2.3 Result and discussion 38 2.3.1 Current density-voltage characteristics 38 2.3.2 Photo-stability of devices 40 2.3.3 Depth profiling by using Time-of-Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy 45 2.4 Conclusion 51 Chapter 3 The epitaxial growth of lead phthalocyanine on copper halogen compounds as the origin of templating effects 52 3.1 Introduction 52 3.2 Experimental 54 3.2.1 Device fabrication and characterization 54 3.2.2 Characterization of thin films 55 3.3 Result and discussion 56 3.3.1 Optical and structural analyses of lead phthalocyanine films on various copper halogen compounds layer 56 3.3.2 Lattice modelling by energetic consideration 59 3.3.3 Investigation of surface morphology 64 3.3.4 Photovoltaic characteristics of devices 64 3.4 Conclusion 69 Chapter 4 Multilayer epitaxial growth of lead phthalocyanine and C70 using CuBr as a templating layer for enhancing the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cell 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Experimental 73 4.2.1 Device fabrication and characterization 73 4.2.2 Characterization of thin films 74 4.3 Result and discussion 75 4.3.1 Photovoltaic characteristics of devices 75 4.3.2 Optical characterization of devices and extraction of exciton diffusion length by optical modelling 78 4.3.3 Structural analysis by using X-ray spectroscopy 84 4.3.4 Lattice modelling by energetic consideration 86 4.4 Conclusion 90 Chapter 5 Summary and Conclusion 92 Bibliography 96 초록 105 CURRICULUM VITAE 108 List of Publications 111 List of Presentations 114 List of Patents 122Docto

Structural and electrical characterization of oxide heterointerfaces for 2-dimensional electron gas and water splitting photoanodes

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 재료공학부, 2018. 8. 장호원.Since the heterointerface between different materials possesses various properties that is required in devices, It may be said that the interface is the device. In particular, conductivity manipulation at the heterointerface is one of the key technologies to manufacture semiconductor devices, as controlling the movement of electric charges to exhibit desired characteristics is required in electronic devices. Oxide composites are considered to be promising materials for many devices with various physical phenomena such as high-k dielectrics, high-temperature superconductivity and excellent ferroelectricity. As atomic scale deposition control has become possible with the recent technological development, novel properties which have not been found in bulk materials of natural systems have been discovered. Application studies on these novel properties have been actively carried out. In this theses, the possibility of controlling the lateral and vertical charge transfer by using the novel phenomena occurring at the heterojunction interface of the oxide composite is proposed. To accomplish this, three major studies were conducted. The first is the lateral carrier transport control of the two-dimensional electron gas in oxide heterointerface. The formation of two-dimensional electron gas at the heterointerface between SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 has been reported in 2004. The conductivity of the two-dimensional electron gas can be tuned depending on the degree of tilting of TiO6 octahedrons in the SrTiO3 substrate. The conductivity can be manipulated by inserting CaTiO3 which has tilted octahedrons. In addition, distortion of the TiO6 octahedrons are found in the study. The second is the vertical charge transfer control through band offset management. LaAlO3 is a material with a large dipole moment, which can influence the charge transfer at the heterojunction interface by utilizing the intrinsic electric field induced by the dipole moment. Schottky junctions are formed between Nb-doped SrTiO3 and WO3, and the Schottky barrier serves as a barrier for electrons to be transferred between materials. However, it has been shown that by inserting LaAlO3 interlayer at the interface, the Schottky barrier can be eliminated and Schottky junction can be effectively replaced with an Ohmic junction. The third is a charge transfer enhancement study using sequential type Ⅱ junctions in a photoelectrochemical water splitting device. Heterostructures having a type Ⅱ junction are often used in the photoanode material constituting photoelectrochemical water splitting cells. A photoelectrode having improved light absorption, photo-conversion efficiency, and electron-hole charge separation capability can be constructed by stacking three materials having a heterojunction structure composed of sequential type Ⅱ junctions. In this thesis, lateral and vertical charge transport control in the oxide heterojunction interface through the above studies are shown. This can be applied to electronic devices and solar water splitting cell. This thesis provide a basis for studying the properties of heterogeneous junctions.Abstract 1 Table of Contents 4 List of Tables 7 List of Figures 8 1. Introduction 12 1.1. Background and outline of the thesis 12 1.2. Scope and objective of the thesis 15 1.3. References 17 2. TiO6 octahedral tilt and distortion in perovskite oxide that result in metal-insulator transition at the LaAlO3/CaTiO3/SrTiO3 oxide heterostructure 18 2.1. Introduction 18 2.1.1. Perovskite oxide materials 19 2.1.2. 2-dimantional electron gas at oxide heterointerface 21 2.1.3. Origin of 2-dimensional electron gas at oxide heterointerface 25 2.1.4. Motivation and objectives 32 2.2. Experimental method 35 2.2.1. Target preparation 35 2.2.2. Epitaxial film growth by pulsed laser deposition method 35 2.2.3. TEM analysis 36 2.3. Result and discussion 38 2.4. References 47 3. Band offset tailoring of oxide heterojunction via insertion of atomically thin LaAlO3 perovskite layer for enhanced water splitting properties 51 3.1. Introduction 51 3.1.1. Water splitting photoelectrochemical cells 52 3.1.2. LaAlO3 perovskite oxide 55 3.1.3. Motivations and objectives 56 3.2. Experimental method 59 3.2.1. Target preparation 59 3.2.2. Film growth by pulsed laser deposition method 59 3.2.3. Film characterization 60 3.2.4. Photoelectrochemical measurements 61 3.3. Result and discussion 62 3.4. References 82 4. Enhancing water splitting performance with sequential type-II junctions produced by Fe2O3/BiVO4/WO3 oxide ternary structure 87 4.1. Introduction 87 4.1.1. Various strategies for enhanced water oxidation performance 89 4.1.2. Heterostructured photoelectrodes 92 4.1.3. Motivation and objectives 93 4.2. Experimental method 96 4.2.1. Target preparation 96 4.2.2. Film growth by pulsed laser deposition method 96 4.2.3. Analysis methods 96 4.3. Result and discussion 97 4.4. References 108 5. Conclusion 111 Abstract (in Korean) 115Docto