49 research outputs found
์นจํฅ์ ์ฑ๋ถ ๋ถ์๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ฐฑ ํ์ฑ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ฝํ๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ๋ฐ์ ์ผ.์นจํฅ (Aquilaria malaccensis) ์ ํฅ๊ฝ๋๋ฌด๊ณผ (Thymelaeaceae) ์ ์นจํฅ๋๋ฌด์ ์์ง๊ฐ ์นจ์ฐฉ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก, ์ฃผ๋ก ๋๋จ์์์์ ์ค๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋ด๊ธฐ๋์ ๋ถํฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ํน์ ์ ๋์ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ ํต์ ์ผ๋ก ํฅ๋ฃ๋ ํฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณต์ฉ ์์๋ ์ฒ์์ด๋ ๊ตฌํ , ๋ณตํต์ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์นจํฅ (Aquilaria malaccensis) ์ ์ฑ๋ถ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋์ ํ๊ณ ํ์ฑ์ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. ์นจํฅ ๋ฉํ์ฌ ์ถ์ถ๋ฌผ์ ์์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์ฉ๋งค ์ถ์ถ์ ํตํด ๋ถํ์ ๋๋ ํ ๋ค์ํ chromatography ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก 6 ์ข
์ 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone ์ ๋์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌํ์๋ค.
๋ถ๋ฆฌํ ์ฑ๋ถ๋ค์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ข
spectroscopy๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋์ ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ 6-Hydroxy-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4H-chromen-4-one, โก 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone, โข 2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone, โฃ 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone, โค 6-methoxy-2-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone, โฅ2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6, 7-dimetoxy-4H-chromen-4-one ์ผ๋ก ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ์ค โฅ 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6, 7-dimetoxy-4H-chromen-4-one ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ง ์์ ์ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ก ์ฌ๋ฃ๋๋ค.
๋ถ๋ฆฌํ ์ฑ๋ถ๋ค์ tyrosinase ์ต์ ํ์ฑ์ ์ธก์ ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 6๊ฐ์ ๋ฌผ์ง ์ IC50๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฌผ์ง, โ , โก, โข, โฃ, โค ์์๋๋ก 2.03, 1.35, 1.39, 1.15, 1.01, 0.56 (mM) ๋ก ํ์ธํ ์ ์์๊ณ 6-methoxy-2-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone ๊ฐ IC50์ด 0.56mM๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฑ๋ถ๋ค์ ๋นํด ๊ฐํ tyrosinase ์ต์ ์ ์๋ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก โ
ฐ
๋ชฉ ์ฐจ โ
ฒ
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
List of Abbreviations vii
โ
. ์ ๋ก 1
โ
ก. ์คํ 2
1. ์ํ ์ฌ๋ฃ, ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ 2
1-1. ์ํ ์ฌ๋ฃ 2
1-2. ์์ฝ 2
1-3. ์คํ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ 3
2. ์นจํฅ์ ๋ถํ ๋ฐ ์ฑ๋ถ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 4
2-1. ์ถ์ถ ๋ฐ ๋ถํ 4
2-2. ์นจํฅ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋จ์ผ ์ฑ๋ถ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 5
2-2-1. Compound 6 ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 5
2-2-2. Compound 1 ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 5
2-2-3. Compound 2 ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 5
2-2-4. Compound 3 ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 5
2-2-5. Compound 4 ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 6
2-2-6. Compound 5 ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ 6
3. ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์ 7
4. ๋ฏธ๋ฐฑ ํ์ฑ 8
โ
ข. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ
1. ์ฑ๋ถ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์ 12
1-1. Compound 6 ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 12
1-2. Compound 1 ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 12
1-3. Compound 2 ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 12
1-4. Compound 3 ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 13
1-5. Compound 4 ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 13
1-6. Compound 5 ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 13
2. ๋ฏธ๋ฐฑ ํ์ฑ 15
โ
ฃ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 16
โ
ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 37
Abstract 39Maste
Organizational Structure and Organizational Effectiveness: Relationships and Reinterpretation
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์กฐ์งํจ๊ณผ์ฑ ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด, ๋น๊ต๋ก ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์กฐ์งํจ๊ณผ์ฑ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ฌํด์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋๋ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ง๋ง ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณ ํ ์ ์๋ ๋์์ ๋ชจ์ํ๊ณ ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค. ๋ค์ ๋งํด ์ ์์ ์ฃผ์์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ ์ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ก ์ ํ์ ๊ฐํ์ด ์ง๋ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ธฐ ์ํด, ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋์ผ ์ ์๋ ๋์์ ๋ชจ์ํด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ํ๋๋ฐ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์กฐ์งํจ๊ณผ์ฑ ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋๋ฌ์ผ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋
ผ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ์ด์์น๋จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ํ ๋ถ์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์กฐ์งํจ๊ณผ์ฑ ๊ฐ์๋ ์๊ด์ฑ์ด ์กด์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ํนํ ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋ ์์ธ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ๊ณต์ํ์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง๊ถํ๋ ์ ๋ฌธํ์ ๋นํด ์๋ฑํ๊ฒ ๋์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ฐํด ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ธฐ์ด์์น๋จ์ฒด์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋น๋ฒํ ์ธ์ฌ์ด๋์ผ๋ก ์ํด ์ ๋ฌธํ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ ์๋นํ ๋ฎ์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ฐจ์์ ๋์์ผ๋ก, ์ง๊ถํ์ ์ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ ๊ถํ์์์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผ ํ๊ณ , ์ง๋ฌด๋ชจํธ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ฑฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ณต์ํ์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ๊ธฐ์ธ์ผ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์์ธ๋ฌ ์ ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๋น๋ฒํ ์ธ์ฌ์ด๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํํด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ ์ ์๋ ๋์์ ๋ชจ์์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.The science of organizational analysis has developed to the stage where numerous research studies that have examined the relation of organizational structure to the behavior of organization members. Nonetheless, the discussion of organizational structure as a crucial part in organizational theory has not been generalized and its studies are less understood. Therefore, this study examines the literature addressing the empirical relationships, if any, between organizational structure and organizational effectiveness and provides how to improve performance at the level of government. As a result, organizational structure influences organizational effectiveness. In particular, the effect of formalization as one of the components of organizational structure is far higher than centralization and specialization. Accordingly, the delegation of authority to prevent the dysfunctions of centralization and formalization to remove the ambiguity of duty are necessary to improve government performance. Concluding recommendations for future research are offered to expand the subjects of study and develop measuring indicators
๊ดํ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ถ์ ์ํ ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ชจ๋ ๋๋ ธ ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ์ด ์ ์์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ์ฌ๋ฃ๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2022. 8. ์ฅํธ์.The need for carbon neutrality is growing in the face of the global crisis of climate change. Hydrogen is in the spotlight as a resource for realizing carbon neutrality. In addition, hydrogen has a high energy density, making it valuable as an energy resource. However, because hydrogen has a wide flammable range, low ignition energy and high flame speed, hydrogen leakage can lead to large-scale explosions. Therefore, it is essential to have a sensor that can quickly detect hydrogen leaks for commercialization of hydrogen.
Palladium is the most popular hydrogen sensing material due to its sensitivity and selectivity to hydrogen. However, palladium has disadvantages in that the hydrogen measurement range is limited due to hysteresis, and mechanical stability is lowered due to embrittlement effect when the hydrogen content of palladium is increased. Various studies have been conducted to solve these shortcomings, and alloying with other metals is one of them.
Among the hydrogen measurement methods using palladium, two representative methods are an electrical measurement method and an optical measurement method. The electrical measurement method has the advantage of being easy to manufacture as a general measurement method but has disadvantages such as the effect of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the potential for explosion due to sparks. On the other hand, the optical measurement method has advantages in that it is not affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI), there is no possibility of explosion in the measurement method. In addition, since it can operate as a sensor in a very small area, it is possible to make a sensor with a very small size.
The hydrogen sensor using localized surface plasmon resonance is a high-performance hydrogen sensor that has been in the spotlight for its high sensitivity and fast response time among optical hydrogen sensors. Using localized surface plasmon resonance requires fabricating nanoparticle arrays. Electron beam lithography and nanosphere lithography are used as methods for fabricating the array of nanoparticles. Electron beam lithography is a manufacturing method that is difficult to apply due to high process cost and high process difficulty. Nanosphere lithography has been most used due to its low process cost and easy fabrication, but it has poor reproducibility and has limitations in producing patterned nanoparticle arrays.
In this study, a method of efficiently fabricating a nanoparticle array for a hydrogen sensor based on local surface plasmon resonance and the optical and hydrogen measurement characteristics of the nanoparticle array were studied. First, a method for fabricating nanoparticles with a hexagonal structure using nanoimprint lithography was demonstrated. It was shown that an array of 160 nm diameter nanoparticles with a 200 nm pitch hexagonal structure was effectively fabricated through an optimized process. To identify the palladium-gold composition suitable for a localized surface plasmon resonance-based hydrogen sensor using nanoimprint lithography, palladium-gold nanoparticle arrays of various compositions were fabricated, and their crystallographic properties and surface composition were analyzed. In the alloying process by heat treatment, it was observed that the surface composition of the palladium-gold nanoparticles was changed according to the heat treatment temperature, and it was found that the heat treatment temperature at 600 ยฐC was the optimal annealing temperature.
However, nanoimprint lithography has two disadvantages: the need to change the nanoimprint mold to change the diameter or pattern of nanoparticles, and the difficulty and cost of the manufacturing mold are greatly increased to produce nanoparticle arrys with the diameter of 100 nm or less. To overcome these disadvantages, nanotip indentation lithography has been proposed to fabricate nanoparticle arrays. Nanoparticle fabrication through nanotip indentation lithography has been used very limitedly, such as nanoparticle fabrication for SERS. However, since this study shows that nanoparticle arrays can be formed over a wide area with a width of 60 ฮผm and a length of 60 ฮผm, its application is expected to be diversified. In this study, three factors influencing the nano-particle diameter in the nano-tip indentation lithography process were investigated in detail. Considering these factors, it was shown that the diameter of nanoparticles was efficiently controlled from 56 nm to 132 nm by controlling the particles at intervals of several nanometers. In addition, the optimized process conditions for each particle size are included in the dissertation.
Finally, the optical properties and hydrogen measurement performance of palladium-gold nanoparticle arrays fabricated through nanoimprint lithography and nanotip indentation lithography were investigated. The shift of the local surface plasmon resonance peak of the palladium-gold nanoparticle array under various conditions was measured and the cause was explained. The hydrogen measurement characteristics of various palladium-gold compositions were analyzed, and the Pd7Au3 composition was confirmed to be the most suitable composition, and the cause of the improvement of the hydrogen measurement characteristics when alloyed at 600ยฐC was analyzed and described.
Through this study, it is expected that the nanoparticle manufacturing method using nanotip indentation lithography will be used in various fields. And also, it is expected that a better hydrogen sensor than the current hydrogen sensor will be developed through a method of improving the hydrogen measurement characteristics by controlling the surface composition of nanoparticles.๊ธฐํ ๋ณํ๋ผ๋ ์ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ ํ์ ์ค๋ฆฝ์ ํ์์ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์์๋ ํ์์ค๋ฆฝ์ ์คํํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์์์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๊ด๋ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ํ ์์์ ๋์ ์๋์ง ๋ฐ๋๋ ์๋์ง ์์์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์์๋ ๋์ ๊ฐ์ฐ๋ฒ์์ ๋ฎ์ ์ ํ์๋์ง ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ์ผ์๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ์์ ๋์ถ์ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ํญ๋ฐ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง ์ ์๋ค. ์์์ ์์ฉํ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์์ ๋์ถ์ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ฐ์งํ ์ผ์๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ฐ์ถ์ด์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค.
ํ๋ผ๋์ ์์์ ๋ํ์ ๋์ ๊ฐ๋์ ์ ํ๋๋ก ์ธํด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐ๊ด๋ฐ๋ ์์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ๋ฃ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ํ๋ผ๋์ ํ์คํ
๋ฆฌ ์์ค๋ก ์ธํด ์์ ์ธก์ ์์ญ์ด ์ ํ์๊ณ , ํ๋ผ๋ ๋ด์ ์์ํจ๋์ด ๋์์ง๋ฉด ์ทจํ ํจ๊ณผ๋ก ์ธํด ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ์์ ์ฑ์ด ๋จ์ด์ง๋ ๋จ์ ์ด ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๋จ์ ์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ค์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์งํ๋๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ์๊ณผ์ ํฉ๊ธํ๋ ๊ทธ ์ค ํ๋์ด๋ค.
์์์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ ์ค ๋ํ์ ์ธ ๋๊ฐ์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๊ณผ ๊ดํ์ ์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ ์ ์์ด ์ฝ๋ค๋ ์ฅ์ ์ด ์์ง๋ง, ์ ์ํ ๊ฐ์ญ(EMI)์ ์ํ ์ํฅ๊ณผ ์คํํฌ์ ์ํ ์ ์ฌ์ ํญ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋จ์ ์ด ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด ๊ดํ์ ์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ์ง ์๊ณ ์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ํญ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งค์ฐ ์์ ํ์ฑ ๋ฌผ์ง ์์ญ์์๋ ์ผ์๋ก ์๋ํ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์๊ฒ ์ผ์๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค ์ ์๋ค๋ ์ฅ์ ์ด ์๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ๊ดํ์ ์์์ผ์ ์ค์์๋ ๊ตญ์ํ ๋ ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช
์ ์ด์ฉํ ์์ ์ผ์๋ ๋์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋์ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์๋ต์๋๋ก ๊ฐ๊ด๋ฐ๋ ๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ ์์ ์ผ์์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ตญ์ํ๋ ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช
์ ์ด์ฉํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ์ ์ํด์ผ ํ๋๋ฐ, ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ์ ์ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ ์๋น ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ์ ๋๋
ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ ์๋น ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ ๋์ ๊ณต์ ๋์ด๋์ ๋น์ผ ๊ณต์ ๋น์ฉ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ํ๋ ์ ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๋๋
ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ ๋ฎ์ ๊ณต์ ๋น์ฉ๊ณผ ์์ฌ์ด ์ ์์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๋์์ง๋ง, ์ฌ์ฐ์ฑ์ด ๋จ์ด์ง๊ณ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ ํ๊ณ๊ฐ ์์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๊ตญ์ํ๋ ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช
๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์์ ์ธก์ ์ฉ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ ์๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ๊ดํ์ ํน์ฑ ๋ฐ ์์ ์ธก์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ํด ์ฐ๊ตฌํ์๋ค. ๋จผ์ ๋๋
ธ์ํ๋ฆฐํธ ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ์ก๊ฐํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋๋
ธ์
์๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์์ฐํ์๋ค. ์ต์ ํ๋ ๊ณต์ ์ ํตํด 200 nm ํผ์น์ ์ก๊ฐํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ 160 nm ์ง๊ฒฝ์ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋๋
ธ์ํ๋ฆฐํธ ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ตญ์ํ๋ ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช
๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์์ ์ผ์์ ์ ํฉํ ํ๋ผ๋-๊ณจ๋ ์กฐ์ฑ์ ํ์
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ค์ํ ์กฐ์ฑ์ ํ๋ผ๋-๊ณจ๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ ์ด์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ํ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ฑ ๋ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ์ํ ํฉ๊ธํ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ ์จ๋์ ์ํด ํ๋ผ๋-๊ณจ๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ํ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ฑ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๊ณ , 600 ยฐC์์ ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ต์ ์ ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋๋
ธ์ํ๋ฆฐํธ ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ์ง๊ฒฝ ํน์ ํจํด์ ๋ฐ๊พธ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๋๋
ธ์ํ๋ฆฐํธ ๋ชฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ๋จ์ ์์๊ณ , ์ด๋ฌํ ๋จ์ ์ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ณ ์ ๋๋
ธํ ์ธ๋ดํ
์ด์
๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ฅผ ํตํ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ๋ฐฐ์ด ์ ์์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ๋๋
ธํ ์ธ๋ดํ
์ด์
๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ฅผ ํตํ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ์ ์์ ์ด์ ๊น์ง๋ SERS์ฉ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ์ ์ ๋ฑ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด์ ธ ์์ง๋ง, ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด์ ๊ฐ๋ก 60 um, ์ธ๋ก 60 um์ ๋๋ฉด์ ์์ญ์ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ํ์ฑํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ทธ ์ฐ์์๊ฐ ๋ค์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋๋๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋๋
ธํ ์ธ๋ดํ
์ด์
๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ ๊ณต์ ์์ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ๋ 3๊ฐ์ง ์์๋ค์ ๋ํด ์์ธํ ์กฐ์ฌํ์๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ ๋๋
ธ๋ฏธํฐ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ผ๋ก ์
์๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ์ฌ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ 56 nm์์ 132 nm๊น์ง ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์๋ค. ๋ํ ์
์์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ๋ก ์ต์ ํ๋ ๊ณต์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์๋กํ์๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๋๋
ธ์ํ๋ฆฐํธ ๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ์ ๋๋
ธํ ์ธ๋ดํ
์ด์
๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ ์๋ ํ๋ผ๋-๊ณจ๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ๊ดํ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์์ ์ธก์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๊ดํด ์กฐ์ฌํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ค์ํ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ํ๋ผ๋-๊ณจ๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ๊ตญ์ํ๋ ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช
ํผํฌ์ ์ด๋์ ์ธก์ ํ์๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์์ธ์ ๋ํด ์์ ํ์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ ์จ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ์ํ๋ ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช
ํผํฌ๊ฐ ๋ณํํ๋ ์ด์ ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ ํผํฌ์ ์ด๋๋ณด๋ค ํฐ ์ด๋์ด ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์๊ณ , ์ด๋ฌํ ์ด๋์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ํด ์์ ํ์๋ค. ๋ค์ํ ํ๋ผ๋-๊ณจ๋ ์กฐ์ฑ์ ์์ ์ธก์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, Pd7Au3 ์กฐ์ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ํฉํ ์กฐ์ฑ์์ ํ์ธํ์๊ณ , 600 ยฐC์์ ํฉ๊ธํ ํ์์ ๋ ์์ ์ธก์ ํน์ฑ์ด ํฅ์๋๋ ์์ธ์ ๋ํด์ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ์์ ํ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด, ๋๋
ธํ ์ธ๋ดํ
์ด์
๋ฆฌ์๊ทธ๋ํผ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ๋๋
ธ ์
์ ์ ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ํ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ฑ ์ ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์์ ์ผ์์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ๋ฐ์ ํด ํ์ฌ์ ์์ ์ผ์๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋์ ์์ ์ผ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ค.Abstract i
Contents vi
List of Figures x
List of Tables xviii
Chapter 1. Plasmonic hydrogen sensor: Principle and major material 1
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. History of LSPR based optical hydrogen sensor 7
1.3. Principle of LSPR based optical hydrogen sensor 9
1.4. Major materials for LSPR based optical hydrogen sensor 12
1.5. Fabrication methods for LSPR based optical hydrogen sensor 14
1.6. Purpose and organiztion of this thesis 17
1.7. Bibliography 19
Chapter 2. Fabrication of PdAu nanoparticle arrays using nanoimprint lithography 27
2.1. Introduction 27
2.2. Experimental procedures 29
2.2.1. Nanoparticle array fabrication procedures using nanoimprint lithography 29
2.2.2. Material characterization 30
2.3. Results and discussions 33
2.2.1. Fabrication results of PdAu NP arrays 33
2.3.2. Characterization of PdAu Nanoparticle Arrays by Composition 40
2.3.3. Characterization of Pd7Au3 nanoparticle arrays according to various annealing temperatures 44
2.4. Summary 55
2.5. Bibliography 56
Chapter 3. Study on the fabrication of plasmonic nanoparticle arrays using nanotip indentation lithography 61
3.1. Introduction 61
3.2. Experimental details 63
3.2.1. Nanoparticle array fabrication process using nanotip indentation lithography 63
3.2.2. Process optimization of nanoparticle fabrication using nanotip indentation lithography 65
3.3. Results and discussions 69
3.3.1. Control parameters and controlled results of each nano indentation lithography process 69
3.3.2. Factors determining the diameter of nanoparticles in nanotip indentation lithography 76
3.3.3. Fabrication results of nanoparticle arrays using nanotip indentation lithography 86
3.4. Summary 94
3.5 Bibliography 95
Chapter 4. Study on optical hydrogen measurement of PdAu alloy nanoparticle arrays 99
4.1. Introduction 99
4.2. Experimental details 100
4.2.1. FDTD simulation of Pd nanodisk 100
4.2.2. Evaluation of optical properties and hydrogen sensing properties of PdAu nanoparticle arrays 103
4.3. Results and discussions 106
4.3.1. Comparison of transmittance change between random and hexagonal structures 106
4.3.2. FDTD simulation results of the LSPR peak shift for Pd nanoparticle arrays of various diameter 109
4.3.3. The optical properties of nanoimprinted PdAu nanoparticle arrays 111
4.3.4. The optical properties of PdAu nanoparticle arrays fabricated by nanotip indentation lithography 121
4.3.5. The evaluation of optical hydrogen sensing properties for various condition of PdAu nanoparticle array 125
4.4. Summary 139
4.5 Bibliography 140
Chapter 5. Conclusion 144
๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ด๋ก 147๋ฐ
A Study on the Social and Demographic Characteristics of Acceptors of IntraUterine Contraceptive Device Through Special Incentive Program
I. Introduct ion
The present paper describes the findings and
experiences obtained by the Urban Population Studies
Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National Universit
y. from a prournm named, "Special Incentive
Program," or more specifically, a program promoting
acceptance of intra uterine contrncept ivc loops thro-ugh
referral agents who are on special incentives.
Data have been collected from 502 women residing
in Chunho Dong, Sun!~'dong Gu, Seoul Citv who
accepted insertion of IUD during the period from
July 1969 to June H;70. The referral agents consist
of midwives, nurses in obstetrical and gynecological
clinics and ph:lrmaceucists(9 agents in total).
II. Basic Characteristics of IUD Acceptors
Women with the following social ane! demographic
charactcrist ics h:1\'P select ivi-lv acrepted IUD Ihrough
this program:
1. Women in the ages 25-34 (67 per cent of all acceptors)
2. Women who belong to lower cducnt ional st rarn,
namely those who have had no formal education
and with only primary school education (totaling
83 per cent of all acceptors)
3. Women having experienced prior to acceptance of
IUD an average 4 pregnancies.
4. Women experiencing 2 live-births (64 per cent)
and 3 Iivebirths.
5. Women with 2 living children (62 per cent), the
average numher of living children being 3. O.
6. Women with an experience of induced abortion
(44 per cent). This percentage is much higher
than women in the reproductive ages residing in
the same area, having the same experience (30 per
cent). The women under the Special Incentive
Program have experienced an average of O. 8
abortions induced.
7. Women having married at an average of 21.7
years. General women in reproductive ages in the
same area have married at an average age of 20. 2.
8. A great majority of the women under this program
(74 per cent) had been married for five years or
longer. The average for duration of marriage was
calculated at 8.9 years,
1II. Family Planning Practices Prior to Acceptance
Only 8 among 502 women accepting IUDs through
this program arc found to have used one or more kinds
of contraceptive methods, prior to the acceptance uf
IUD. Of these. 6 women were using traditional
methods of contraception, while only 2 women had
experience of using IUD before accepting it throug h
the "i ncentive" program.
IV. Other Findings
The cross tabulations containcd in the Korean text
are intended to show the interrelations between such
experiences as marriage, pregnancy and delivery
and abortions spontaneous or induced and age of
women at acceptance of IUD and education, etc. On
account, however, of the limitation in the size of the
- 5 6
base for this study and also of the unavailability of
data for "general" women processed in the same way
to permit cornparisions, much of the information
presented here remains to be compared with pertinent
data, when they are made available