창신숭인 도시재생선도지역을 중심으로

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 환경대학원 환경계획학과, 2021. 2. 박인권.재개발에서 도시재생으로 도시계획의 패러다임이 변화함에 따라 주민과 행정이 협력하여 지역 환경을 개선해 나가는 협력적 거버넌스 구축이 강조되고 있다. 한편 협력적 거버넌스의 제도적 틀이 마련되었다고 해서 그 과정에 모두가 쉽게 참여할 수 있는 것은 아니다. 주민들은 거버넌스 과정에 참여함으로써 해당 의제 혹은 사업에 있어서 결과물 도출에 기여했다는 일차적인 결과를 얻는 것 이외에도 그 과정에서 무형의 시민의식과 능력 또한 얻을 수 있다. 하지만 주민들 내에 다양한 특징을 가진 구성원들이 존재함에도 불구하고 주민 집단 내의 이질성이 고려되지 않았을 때 시민적 역량을 강화시킬 수 있는 교육을 받고 그러한 경험을 누릴 수 있는 특권은 오직 그럴 수 있는 에너지와 자원, 의지가 있는 사람들로 국한될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 도시재생사업에 참여하는 주민들을 이질적인 특징을 지닌 주체들의 합으로 생각하고 창신숭인 도시재생사업의 협력적 거버넌스 과정에서 나타나는 주체들의 참여 및 이탈의 양상을 분석하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 주민 참여와 역량 강화라는 경험이 도시재생사업의 거버넌스 과정에서 주민 유형 별로 다르게 나타났음을 확인하였다. 뉴타운 찬성 가옥주들과 일반 세입자들의 경우 참여유인과 협력의 경험이 부족하여 초기조건을 만족시키지 못하고 협력 과정에 진입하지 않으며 자발적으로 이탈한다. 한편, 봉제인들의 경우 봉제인의 이익을 대변하고 커뮤니티 활성화를 위해 적극적으로 참여하려는 모습을 보였지만 참여를 지속해나갈 에너지와 시간 등 내적 요인자원이 부족하여 자발적으로 거버넌스 장을 이탈한다. 또, 부족한 권력 자원은 그들에 대한 의도적인 배제에 대해서도 효과적으로 대응하지 못하게 하여 협력 과정에서 비자발적으로 이탈하게 만들기도 하였다. 이러한 현상에 대해 제도나 리더십과 같은 외적 요인들이 다양한 참여 주체들을 끌어들이려는 노력에 소극적이었던 것도 주체들의 이탈에 영향을 끼쳤다. 결과적으로 참여 유인과 참여 자원을 충분히 소유하고 있던 뉴타운 반대 가옥주들만이 협력적 거버넌스 과정의 완료 단계까지 참여하였고, 그 외의 주민들은 그 과정에서 이탈하거나 배제당하는 모습을 보였다. 특히 도시재생사업은 해당 지역의 주민 모두를 대상으로 하는 사업임에도 불구하고 협력적 거버넌스 과정을 완료한 주체들만이 제한적으로 누릴 수 있는 성과도 존재했다. 따라서 도시재생사업의 효과성을 높이고 그 결과를 누릴 수 있는 기회가 특정 집단에 편파적으로 제공되지 않도록 하기 위해 주민 공동체 내의 이질성을 전제한 더욱 섬세한 접근이 요구된다.This study aims to show how collaborative governance works for urban regeneration project and analyze key factors and processes that promote residents’ participation. Specifically, the study divided the residents into 4 groups in order to see the influence of each factors on aspect of participation and exit of each group members. Criteria for classification were one's stance on Newtown Project in Changsin·Sungin area, and whether one is a house owner or a tenant. Incentives for participation and prehistory of cooperation and conflict were crucial factors for entering to participation process. Home owners who were in favor of Newtown Project and general tenants lacked the incentives and cooperative experience which led to voluntary exit from the governance process. Resource, institutional design, and facilitative leadership influenced the continuity of the participation of residents. Although the clothing manufacturers actively participated in urban regeneration project at the beginning, they struggled to continue their participation due to lack of resource such as time, money and energy. Furthermore, since their power resource was weak, they couldn't responded effectively to intentional exclusion from other residential group which consequently led to involuntary exit. External factors such as institutional design and leadership performed poorly and couldn't prevent the stakeholders from exiting the governance process. The impact of each factors differed among residential groups and only the group that satisfied the conditional factors, which was house owners who opposed the Newtown Project, could reap the benefits of the project. The outcome of this research demonstrates the success of collaborative governance in urban regeneration depends on how delicately the project considers the heterogeneousness of the residential group.제1장 서 론 1 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 3 제2장 협력적 거버넌스와 참여에 대한 이론적 고찰 5 1. 거버넌스 및 참여 이론 5 1) 협력적 거버넌스의 개념과 조건 5 2) 주민 참여의 개념과 조건 10 3) 협력적 거버넌스 과정의 주민 참여 모델 13 2. 선행연구 검토 15 3. 연구 분석틀 19 1) 협력적 거버넌스 과정 19 (1) 초기조건 20 (2) 협력 과정 21 (3) 결과 22 2) 참여와 이탈 23 제3장 분석 대상 및 연구방법 25 1. 분석 대상지 현황 25 1) 일반 현황 25 2) 도시재생사업 약사 28 2. 자료 수집 및 분석 방법 35 1) 연구 대상자 35 2) 자료 및 분석 방법 36 제4장 창신숭인 도시재생사업 사례 분석 38 1. 참여 행위자 38 1) 거버넌스 체계 38 2) 주민 참여자 특성 42 2. 초기조건 43 1) 참여 유인 43 2) 협력과 갈등의 경험 46 3) 1차 이탈 50 3. 내외부 요인 51 1) 참여 자원 51 2) 제도적 설계 57 3) 촉진적 리더십 59 4) 2차 이탈 64 4. 협력 과정 68 1) 면대면 대화 69 2) 신뢰 구축 70 3) 과정에 대한 몰입 71 4) 공유된 이해 73 5) 중간 성과 74 5. 결과 75 1) 개방적 결과 76 2) 제한적 결과 78 (1) 창신숭인 도시재생 협동조합 79 (2) 역량 강화 85 제5장 결 론 91 1. 요약 및 결론 91 2. 정책적 함의 92 3. 한계 95Maste

Negative-tension branes and tensionless 12 brane in boundary conformal field theory

In the framework of boundary conformal field theory we consider a flat unstable Dp-brane in the presence of a large constant electromagnetic field. Specifically, we study the case that the electromagnetic field satisfy the following three conditions: (i) a constant electric field is turned on along the x1 direction (E1≠0); (ii) the determinant of the matrix (η+F) is negative so that it lies in the physical region (-det(η+F)>0); (iii) the 11-component of its cofactor is positive to the large electromagnetic field. In this case, we identify exactly marginal deformations depending on the spatial coordinate x1. They correspond to tachyon profiles of hyperbolic sine, exponential, and hyperbolic cosine types. Boundary states are constructed for these deformations by utilizing T-duality approach and also by directly solving the overlap conditions in BCFT. The exponential type deformation gives a tensionless half brane connecting the perturbative string vacuum and one of the true tachyon vacua, while the others have negative tensions. This is in agreement with the results obtained in other approaches. © 2008 The American Physical Society

Aspects of massive ABJM models with inhomogeneous mass parameters

Recently, N = 3 mass-deformed ABJM model with arbitrary mass-function depending on a spatial coordinate was constructed. In addition to the N = 3 case, we construct lower supersymmetric N = 1 and N = 2 inhomogeneously mass-deformed ABJM (ImABJM) models, which require three and two arbitrary mass-functions, respectively. We also construct general vacuum solutions of the N = 3 ImABJM model for any periodic mass-function. There are two classes of vacua, which are diagonal type and GRVV type according to reference value of mass-functions. We provide explicit examples of the vacuum solutions and discuss related operators

BPS D-branes from an unstable D-brane

We search for exact tachyon kink solutions of DBI type effective action describing an unstable D-brane with worldvolume gauge field turned in both the flat and a curved background. There are various kinds of solutions in the presence of electromagnetic fields in the flat space, such as periodic arrays, topological tachyon kinks, half kinks, and bounces. We identify a BPS object, D(p-1)F1 bound state, which describes a thick brane with string flux density. The curved background of interest is the ten-dimensional lift of the Salam-Sezgin vacuum and, in the asymptotic limit, it approaches R 1,4 × T 2 × S 3. The solutions in the curved background are identified as composites of lower-dimensional D-branes and fundamental strings, and, in the BPS limit, they become a D4D2F1 composite wrapped on R 1,2 × T 2 where T 2 is inside S 3. © 2005 American Institute of Physics

Unstable D-branes and string cosmology

The cosmological implications of rolling tachyons are reported in the context of effective field theory. With a brief review of rolling tachyons in both flat and curved spacetimes, we study the string cosmological model with both tachyon and dilaton. In the string frame, flat space solutions of both initial-stage and late-time are obtained in closed form. In the Einstein frame, every expanding solution is decelerating. When a Born-Infeld U(1) gauge field is coupled, enhancement of the e-folding of the scale factor is also discussed by numerical analysis

Some exact solutions of the semilocal Popov equations with many flavors

Chern-Simons theory; Popov equation; Semilocal; Vorte

Geometric Monte Carlo and black Janus geometries

We describe an application of the Monte Carlo method to the Janus deformation of the black brane background. We present numerical results for three and five dimensional black Janus geometries with planar and spherical interfaces. In particular, we argue that the 5D geometry with a spherical interface has an application in understanding the finite temperature bag-like QCD model via the AdS/CFT correspondence. The accuracy and convergence of the algorithm are evaluated with respect to the grid spacing. The systematic errors of the method are determined using an exact solution of 3D black Janus. This numerical approach for solving linear problems is unaffected initial guess of a trial solution and can handle an arbitrary geometry under various boundary conditions in the presence of source fields. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Tachyon kinks on unstable D-branes in boundary string field theory

Using the effective action from boundary string field theory, we study tachyon kinks with and without electromagnetic fields. For the case of a pure tachyon, an array of kink-antikink is obtained. In the presence of an electromagnetic field, all possible static codimension-one soliton solutions such as array of kink-antikink, single topological BPS kink, bounce, half kink, as well as non-BPS topological kink are found

Tachyon kinks

We study Born-Infeld type tachyonic effective action of unstable D2-brane with a runaway potential and find rich structure of static regular solitonic solutions. There exists only periodic array of tachyon kink-antikinks in pure tachyonic theory, however, in the presence of electromagnetic fields, solutions include periodic arrays, topological tachyon kinks, half kink, and bounces. Computed tension of each kink or single unit of the periodic array has T 1 = √2πT2 or that with a multiplicative factor depending on electric field. When both electric and magnetic fields are turned on, fundamental string charge density has a confined component in addition to a constant piece. These evidences imply that the obtained codimension-1 objects are likely to be interpreted as D1-brane (and D1F1) or array of D1D̄1 (and D1F1-D̄1F1) as was the case without the electromagnetic fields. Generalization to unstable Dp-branes is straightforward. © SISSA/ISAS 2003

Holographic entanglement entropy of anisotropic minimal surfaces in LLM geometries

We calculate the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) of the Z(k) orbifold of Lin-Lunin-Maldacena (LLM) geometries which are dual to the vacua of the mass-deformed ABJM theory with Chern-Simons level k. By solving the partial differential equations analytically, we obtain the HEEs for all LLM solutions with arbitrary M2 charge and k up to mu(2)(0)-order where mu(0) is the mass parameter. The renormalized entanglement entropies are all monotonically decreasing near the UV fixed point in accordance with the F-theorem. Except the multiplication factor and to all orders in mu(0), they are independent of the overall scaling of Young diagrams which characterize LLM geometries. Therefore we can classify the HEEs of LLM geometries with Z(k) orbifold in terms of the shape of Young diagrams modulo overall size. HEE of each family is a pure number independent of the 't Hooft coupling constant except the overall multiplication factor. We extend our analysis to obtain HEE analytically to mu(4)(0)-order for the symmetric droplet case. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V