72 research outputs found

    ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋Œ€์‘์—์„œ ์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์กฐ์„ฑ์ผ.South Korea's success in control the spread of COVID-19 has been remarkable among countries that adopted suppression strategy. South Korea's extensive tracing and large-scale testing had drawn attention as a success factor. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to suggest a general criterion for tracing and testing based on South Korea's experience, and to propose a new framework to assess tracing and testing. In addition, we investigated the relationships between tracing and testing and the spread of COVID-19. South Korea expanded its testing capabilities to overcome its lack of tracing capabilities with group tracing and preemptive testing and open testing. According to the SEQIR model developed based on South Koreas strategies, COVID-19 cases were divided into 4 types (Confirmed in quarantine, Source known, Source unknown, and Unidentified), and case types can be useful indicators to assess tracing and testing. As a result of analyzing the relationship between tracing and testing and the spread of COVID-19 using these case type indicators, timely quarantine of contacts through tracing and testing had the preventive effect on the COVID-19 incidence over 2 weeks. On the other hand, increasing in the untraced proportion was found to increase the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks. In conclusion, large-scale tracing and testing in South Korea played a role in suppressing the occurrence of untraced cases. South Korea could suppress COVID-19 transmission by maintaining a high traced proportion (above 60%) using group tracing and preemptive testing strategy which is a complementary strategy to contact tracing. In addition, as the effect of early quarantine of contacts through contact tracing disappeared after 2 weeks, efforts are needed to maintain maximum tracing and testing capabilities, and early implementation of group tracing and preemptive testing strategy is required to complementary to contact tracing.ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํ™•์‚ฐ ํ†ต์ œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์–ต์ œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ด„๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋Œ€์‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‹€์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ COVID-19์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ถ”์ ๊ณผ ์„ ์ œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์ž„์‹œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(open testing) ๋“ฑ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ „๋žต์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ SEQIR ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด COVID-19 ํ™•์ง„์ž๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•(๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ™•์ง„, ๊ฒฝ๋กœํ™•์ธ, ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ฏธํ™•์ธ, ๋ฏธ์‹๋ณ„)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™•์ง„์ž ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํ™•์ง„์ž ์œ ํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ COVID-19 ์œ ํ–‰๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์ž์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2์ฃผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฏธ์ถ”์  ํ™•์ง„์ž ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ถ”์ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ™•์ง„์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ถ”์ ๊ณผ ์„ ์ œ์  ์ถ”์  ์ „๋žต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ถ”์  ๋น„์œจ(60% ์ด์ƒ)์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์œ ํ–‰์„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์ž์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” 2์ฃผ ๋’ค์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ์„ ์ œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ–‰์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Study background 2 1.2. Literature review 3 1.3. Purpose of this study 5 Chapter 2. South Koreas response strategy to COVID-19 6 2.1. Background 7 2.2. Methods 10 2.3. Results 10 2.4. Discussion 26 Chapter 3. Relationship between tracing and transmission of COVID-19 30 3.1. Background 31 3.2. Methods 35 3.3. Results 42 3.4. Discussion 50 3.5. Supplementary data 54 Chapter 4. Discussion 62 Bibliography 65 Abstract in Korean 78์„

    ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2019. 2. ์—„์„์ง„.Dynamic change of technological artifacts such as hardware and software followed by innovative development and diffusion of information technology (IT) brings about the necessity to understand the outcome of adopted IT from the perspective of IT use. In particular, the way that IT and technological artifacts emerging in accordance with users demands and needs in the era of wireless-technology-based e-government are used accelerates the change in IT itself. Nevertheless, many IT or information systems (IS) scholars and practitioners focus on the impact of IT on social components such as individuals, social relation, and institution (performance-centric perspective), rather than the impact of social components on IT (use-centric perspective). As time goes on, however, new and innovative IT may cause trivial effect as it is partially used by individuals and organizations, or new and innovative IT may not cause any particular effect as it is not used by individuals and organizations. It shows that it is necessary to focus on the use of IT, rather than the performance of IT, in understanding the outcome of adopted IT. To fill this research gap, the purpose of this study is to analyze the supply, use, and interaction factor affecting duration and development path of IT use through empirical research on the mobile apps in Korean local governments. More specifically, this study is composed of two research assignments. First, this study aims to analyze the determinants of duration of mobile app use (the mobile apps provided for a long period of time and those terminated within a short period of time). Second, this study aims to analyze the determinants of development path of mobile app use (the mobile apps with upgradation, those with maintenance of the status quo, and those with degradation). In addition, this study selects the mobile apps contrasted in terms of duration and development path of IT use and conducts an interview with the public officials involved in production and management of these mobile apps in order to understand the research findings derived from the above-mentioned research assignments more deeply. Major research findings are as follows. First, the variables categorized into the supply factor generally do not have a statistically significant influence on duration and development path of mobile app use or have a statistically significant influence in the way they decrease the hazard that mobile apps are terminated within a short period of time or in the way they increase the likelihood of degradation. These findings are significant in that they empirically show it is necessary to have a different perspective from traditional IS success factors in order to analyze dynamic attributes of IT use. Traditionally, the variables categorized into the supply factor are regarded as important factors of IS success understood as enacted technology or its effect. For example, leadership of capable and respected leaders, employees expertise, appropriate and innovative financing, clear legal and institutional support are the organizational or institutional factors that should be involved for IS success. However, the findings from this study show that most of the variables that are categorized into the supply factor and that are regarded as important for IS success do not have a statistically significant relationship with duration and development path of mobile app use. Furthermore, the variables that are categorized into the supply factor and that have a statistically significant relationship with duration and development path of mobile app use are found to be associated negatively with duration and development path of mobile app use from the perspective of IS success based on perception of the public officials taking charge of mobile apps. It shows that it is necessary to have a different perspective from traditional IS success factors in order to analyze dynamic attributes of IT use. Second, the variables categorized into the use factor not only have a statistically significant influence on duration and development path of mobile app use generally, but also have an influence in the way they decrease the hazard that mobile apps are terminated within a short period of time or increase the likelihood of upgradation or maintenance of the status quo. From the perspective of IS success based on the public officials taking charge of mobile apps, these findings are significant in that they support empirically the recent theoretical stream that understands organizational capability not only as internal capability, but also as external capability. Traditionally, organizational capability that affects organizational performance was understood as internal capability such as internal organization procedure, routine, and coordination of activities. However, recent organizational capability literature regards organizations external ability such as citizen focus and customer responsiveness, in addition to organizations internal capability, as the component of organizational capability. The influence of the variables categorized into the use factor on duration and development path of mobile app use can be regarded as empirical evidence of changed theoretical stream on organizational capability. Third, the variables categorized into the interaction factor are associated with duration and development path of mobile app use somewhat intricately. On the one hand, collaborative management is associated with a decrease in the hazard that mobile apps are terminated within a short period of time, which can be interpreted from the perspective of trust-based collaborative management. From the perspective of IS success based on perception of the public officials taking charge of mobile apps, sharing of value and accumulation of trust via repetitive interaction between public sector actors and private sector actors increase the level of formal and informal business consultation, which is regarded as the factor improving quantity and quality of public service. Therefore, it can be interpreted that collaborative management contributes to the mobile apps provided and used constantly for a long period of time through the repetitive interaction via business consultation between public sector actors and private sector actors. On the other hand, collaborative management is associated with an increase in the likelihood of maintenance of the status quo relative to degradation of mobile apps, and it can be interpreted from the perspective of continuity of interaction between public sector suppliers and private sector suppliers mediated via contract. Specifically, interaction between public officials and outsourced developers can make the outsourced developers contribute to the mobile apps provided and used for a long period of time, but functional improvement in mobile apps through constant feedback might be difficult. It is because managing mobile apps after they are launched can be another problem since interaction between public officials and outsourced developers mediated via contract is valid until mobile apps are launched generally. Finally, citizen participation is associated with an increase in the hazard that mobile apps are terminated within a short period of time and an increase in the likelihood of maintenance of the status quo relative to degradation. From the perspective of IS success based on perception of the public officials taking charge of mobile apps, these findings show that citizen participation is normatively desirable in terms of public service production and provision, but there are constraints of citizen participation on provision of IT that is not only provided for a long period of time, but also improved functionally during its provision, in the field of public policy or public service in which technology-based knowledge is required. It suggests that it is necessary to discuss the role of public officials and citizens in citizen participation for the field of public policy or public service in which technology-based knowledge is required. From the perspective of citizens or users, on the other hand, it is probable that these findings are the result of unresponsive public officials to citizens demands and needs on ease of use and usability that might be raised during the citizen participation process, rather than the result of constraints on citizens technological understanding of mobile apps. In particular, perceived ease of use and usability are found to increase intention to use in the study of mobile app users behavior with the application of technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, this study finds that the higher the level of mobile app use, the lower the hazard that mobile apps are terminated within a short period of time. It suggests the possibility that public officials insufficient responsiveness to citizens demands and needs on ease of use and usability in the citizen participation process regarding mobile app production and provision does not lead to actual use of mobile apps and thereby increases the hazard that mobile apps are terminated within a short period of time. This study contributes to an use-centric perspective focusing on the impact of social components on IT through an empirical analysis on the determinants of duration and development path of IT use. The determinist perspective on IT pays attention to the impact of IT on social components. According to the determinist perspective, adopted IT itself not only actualizes its feature and characteristic, but also changes the individual, organization, and institution in an objective and autonomous way and thereby achieves the intended effect. Therefore, the determinist perspective pays attention to the direct impact of adopted IT on the individual, group, and society, but overlooks the process through which IT is adopted and used selectively within institutional framework. The empirical research in this study shows that it is necessary to regard the outcome of adopted IT as enacted technology. In other words, this study raises the necessity of change in focus from the attention on the impact of IT on social components to the attention on the impact of social components on IT. According to the findings in this study, duration and development path of IT use vary according to the supply, use, and interaction factor that constitute the social components. It shows that IT is used selectively by individuals and organizations within institutional framework, which in turn causes the effect on individuals and groups as it is entirely or partially used, whereas unused IT is ignored or abandoned, which in turn does not cause any effect on individuals and groups. Putting the above-mentioned discussion together, this study ultimately contributes to the cyclical relationship between technology and society. The relationship between technology and society is essentially a two-way relationship rather than a one-way relationship, and this interaction between technology and society is the spirally intertwined process through which one changes the other. New technology is designed and used under the influence of various social components and it changes the existing technological environment and shapes new environment, which in turn changes society. This study raises the necessity of a balanced perspective between theoretical discussion on the impact of technology on society and that on the impact of society on technology through illustration of the existing research trend focusing on the impact of technology on society and theoretical discussion and empirical research findings on the impact of society on technology, and thereby contributes to theoretical discussion on the cyclical relationship between technology and society.์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ธ๊ณต๋ฌผ(์˜ˆ: ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด)์˜ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฌด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „์ž์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ธ๊ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜น์€ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค(์˜ˆ: ๊ฐœ์ธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ œ๋„)์ด ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹ ์•„๋ž˜, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ, ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†(์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ๊ณผ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ)์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ(์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ, ํ˜„์ƒ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ, ํ‡ดํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ)์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์„ธ๋ถ€๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ๋“ค์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ํ˜น์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‡ดํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋™ํƒœ์ ์ธ ์†์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜น์€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ, ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ, ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ, ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ ยท์ œ๋„์  ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์€ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ํ˜น์€ ์ œ๋„ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์† ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์† ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์† ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋™ํƒœ์ ์ธ ์†์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™” ํ˜น์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํŠน์„ฑ(์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๋ถ€์กฐ์ง ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ๋ฃจํ‹ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์กฐ์ •)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์กฐ์ง ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํŠน์„ฑ(์˜ˆ: ์‹œ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดˆ์ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ)์„ ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์† ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์† ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์€ ๊ณต์‹์  ์—…๋ฌดํ˜‘์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์—…๋ฌดํ˜‘์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—…๋ฌดํ˜‘์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ํ‡ดํ™” ๋Œ€๋น„ ํ˜„์ƒ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›-๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ™˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›-๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์ถœ์‹œ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํ‡ดํ™” ๋Œ€๋น„ ํ˜„์ƒ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ํ˜น์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์šฉ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์™€ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ์šฉ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ด์šฉ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์šฉ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์˜์ด ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œ์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ, ์กฐ์ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜๋„๋œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์€ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ, ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ํ‹€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ, ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ํ‹€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–‘์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 5 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  9 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ 9 1. ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ 9 2. ํ™œ์šฉ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ 12 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 17 1. ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ 18 1) ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 18 2) ์ œ๋„๋ฐฐ์—ด 21 2. ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ 23 3. ํ™˜๊ฒฝยท๋งฅ๋ฝ ์š”์ธ 27 1) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 27 2) ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 28 4. ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ 29 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ: ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์‘์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  31 1. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ 31 2. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜• 33 3. ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ 35 4. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  39 1) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  39 2) ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  41 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  45 1. ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋™ํƒœ์ ์ธ ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ 45 2. ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 51 1) ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ •๋ถ€-ํ•˜๊ธ‰์ •๋ถ€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ: ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 52 2) ๊ณต๋ฌด์›-๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ: ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 53 3) ๊ณต๋ฌด์›-์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ: ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 55 4) ์‹œ๋ฏผ-์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ: ์กฐ์ง ์—†๋Š” ์กฐ์งํ™”์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 57 3. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋™ํƒœ์ ์ธ ์†์„ฑ 59 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 62 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 62 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 64 1. ๋ถ„์„ 1: ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 64 1) ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ 64 2) ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ 68 3) ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ 69 2. ๋ถ„์„ 2: ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 72 1) ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ 72 2) ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ 75 3) ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ 77 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ์ถœ์ฒ˜ 80 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 80 1) ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์† 80 2) ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ 80 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 84 1) ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ 84 2) ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ 86 3) ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ 86 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 87 1) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 87 2) ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 88 3) ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์œ ํ˜• 88 4) ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์œ ํ˜• 89 5) ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์—ฐ๋„ 89 6) ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์—ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 90 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 95 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค์ • 95 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 96 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 97 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 99 1. ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 99 2. ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 101 3. ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 104 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 105 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ 105 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ–‰์ •๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 107 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 110 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 111 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 113 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 116 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 116 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 116 1) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 116 2) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 121 2. Kaplan-Meier ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 126 3. Cox ๋น„๋ก€์œ„ํ—˜๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 130 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 135 1. ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ •์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์„ 135 1) ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 135 2) ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 147 2. ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ •์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์„ 154 1) ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 154 2) ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 161 3. ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต 167 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 169 1. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ 169 1) ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์† 169 2) ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ 171 2. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 174 1) ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์š”์ธ 174 2) ํ™œ์šฉ ์š”์ธ 182 3) ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์ธ 185 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 191 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  195 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 195 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 200 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ์˜์˜ 200 2. ์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜์˜ 203 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 206 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 210 ๋ถ€๋ก 237 Abstract 267Docto

    ๊ณต๊ณต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์•ฑ(app)์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2013. 8. ์—„์„์ง„.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์•ฑ(์ดํ•˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ)์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน์ • ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ณต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „์ž์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋„์ž… ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2012๋…„ 9์›” 1์ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด 405๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์ด ์ „์ฒด ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆœ์„œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ, ๋ฏผ์›๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ, ์ฒ˜โ€ค์ฒญ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์†ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ต์œก ์œ ํ˜•์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์œกโ€ค์‚ฐ์—… ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์†ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ „์ž์ •๋ถ€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ๋ฏผ์›๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ โ€ค๋ฒ•์ โ€ค์ œ๋„์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์— ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ๋‹น์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งŒํผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆœ์„œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์„ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์•ฑ ์ด๊ด„ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž A, ์ƒํ™œ๋ถˆํŽธ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์‹ ๊ณ  ์•ฑ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž B, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์›24 ์•ฑ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž C์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ ํ˜น์€ ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒโ€ค์ •๋ณด ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์•ฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•ฑ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์กฐ์ง ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ์•ˆ์ „ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ)๊ณผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ)์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ œ๋„ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ IT ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์—… ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€์„œ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹น์ดˆ ๊ณ„ํš๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ญ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ์Šน์ธ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฒฐ์žฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์ด ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜์กฐ์ฐจ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์„ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ „์ž์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ UN ์ „์ž์ •๋ถ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ(guidance)๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ(tool kit)๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.This study aims to measure maturity level of the public apps which are emerging as a new channel for public service delivery and analyze determinants of public app maturity, thereby contributing to an empirical study of m-government. More specifically, this study is composed of the following three parts. First, the author conducts a survey of entire population of the public apps provided by Korean central government agencies and local governments as of a certain date in order to identify current status of public app service provision in Korea. Based on the survey data, the author illustrates current status of public app service provision according to various criteria. Second, the author builds the public app maturity model in order to measure the level of public app maturity in a systematic way. Whether there is an increase in citizens convenience and participation, which was regarded as a significant criterion in e-government service, is also a foundation for the public app maturity model. Third, the author examines determinant factors for the public app maturity level based on the previous literature on determinant factors for IT/IS development. According to the research findings, the Korean government agencies are actively providing the public apps which enable to deliver public service combined with mobile technology. According to the survey results, not only are 405 public apps provided by central government agencies and local governments as of September 1, 2012, but many of Korean government agencies also produce various kinds of public apps in terms of contents and functions. In terms of two-way communication service, however, the public apps which accommodate citizens opinions and induce their participation are not pervasive. More specifically, more than half of the entire public apps belong to the second stage. According to the result of ordinal logistic regression analysis for identifying determinant factors for the public app maturity level, variables such as app size, agency expenditure, excellence of the civil affairs satisfaction level, and ministries and administrations of the organization type increase the probability that public apps belong to one of the low stages of maturity. On the other hand, the variables which increase the probability that public apps belong to one of the high levels of maturity are GDP, education of the app type, and the resource mobilization function of the organization type. Overall, most of the variables are correlated with low maturity level. Even the public apps provided by government agencies with high satisfactory level of civil affairs treatment and those with big size in terms of expenditure are associated with low maturity level, which is not consistent with the hypotheses of this study. In this study, the author interprets the above research results in the following ways. First, it is likely that the functions which enable interaction between the government and citizens are not regarded as significant since public mobile service provision is currently in the initial stage. Second, even if there is an active discussion on the function that enables interaction between the government and citizens, and resources for the actualization of such functions are abundant, it is probable that these functions cannot be actualized due to technological, legal, and institutional difficulties. Third, even if the functions that enable two-way communication service are already actualized, it is likely that such functions are excluded from priorities in the public app production process provided that these functions are not actively utilized as expected initially. In order to examine the validity of interpretation on the result of ordinal logistic regression analysis, this study conducted an interview with public official A in charge of the public app service production guideline, public official B in charge of Everyday Life Complaint Smart Phone Reporting, the public app provided by Ministry of Security and Public Administration, and public official C in charge of Civil Affairs 24, the public app provided by Ministry of Security and Public Administration. Through interview survey, the author found the following relationship between public app maturity and determinant factors for public app maturity. First, in relation to data and information factors, data and information size was associated with an increase in users convenience at one-way communication level, rather than two-way communication service, in the public app production and dissemination process. In addition, characteristics of data and information often brought about the judgment that it is not adequate to provide interactive functions or lack of necessity to provide two-way communication functions. It supports the ordinal logistic regression researching finding that public app size and most of the public app types are associated with low maturity level of public app service. Second, in relation to organizational factors, it turned out that two-way communication functions were not included in the discussion on citizen-centric services in case of Ministry of Security and Public Administration. Instead, it turned out that Ministry of Security and Public Administration considered simple and convenient functions(convenience) and contents that can be utilized constantly after being downloaded(usability). It supports one of the research findings that most of the public apps provided by Ministry of Security and Public Administration are not associated with two-way communication. Third, in relation to institutional factors, organization size was not associated with the IT-related budget size. That is, organization size was one thing, and budget size of a specific public business was another. The budget for the production and dissemination of public apps was allocated through the mechanism which public app practitioners apply the budget for public app service production to the budget management agency and the budget management agency decides whether the application should be approved. Moreover, the public app production budget approved by the budget management agency was smaller than initially planned in most cases, which put a great restriction on production of the public app with abundant contents and diverse functions. Besides, there was a tendency that security was strengthened in the mobile service provision, which put a restriction on provision of high-level public apps such as those with wireless payment system and business process system. It suggests that security issues are barriers to provision of high-level public apps even in the circumstances where there is enough capacity such as technological skill and financial resources to produce these public apps. This study is expected to make a theoretical and practical contribution to a study of the introduction and dissemination of information technology and information systems. In a theoretical aspect, this study recognizes public apps as a main channel for public service delivery of next generation e-government and approaches public apps empirically through the examination of current status of public apps, thereby enhancing an understanding of characteristics of m-government. In a practical aspect, it is predicted that this study provides governments around the world with policy implications regarding the introduction and application of public apps through the case of Korea. In particular, Korea ranked first among the governments around the world in the United Nations e-government assessment. Also, Korea is one of the countries recording the fastest smart phone penetration rate. It indicates that the study of public apps based on the Korean case can be used not only as a guidance and tool kit for an assessment of public apps maturity, but also as an illustration of future direction in public apps development for the governments staying at the initial stage in the adoption of public apps.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ 5 1. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ •๋ถ€ 5 1) ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๋“ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 2) ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค 7 2. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ 8 1) ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 8 2) ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  11 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 13 1. ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธก์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 13 1) ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ 13 2) ์ „์ž์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜• 14 3) ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ 16 2. ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 17 1) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 17 (1) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 17 (2) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  19 ๊ฐ€. D&M ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 ๋‚˜. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 2) ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 23 (1) ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 23 ๊ฐ€. ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 23 ๋‚˜. ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทน๋ณต์ „๋žต 25 (2) ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  28 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 31 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 31 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค 31 1) ์ž๋ฃŒโ€ค์ •๋ณด ์š”์ธ 31 2) ์กฐ์ง ์š”์ธ 32 3) ์ œ๋„ ์š”์ธ 34 4) ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ 35 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 36 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก์ • 37 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 37 1) ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ 37 (1) 1๋‹จ๊ณ„: ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ œ์‹œ 38 (2) 2๋‹จ๊ณ„: ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ œ์‹œ 38 (3) 3๋‹จ๊ณ„: ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 39 (4) 4๋‹จ๊ณ„: ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 40 (5) 5๋‹จ๊ณ„: ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 40 (6) 6๋‹จ๊ณ„: ํ†ตํ•ฉ 41 2) ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜• 41 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 43 1) ์ž๋ฃŒโ€ค์ •๋ณด ์š”์ธ 43 2) ์กฐ์ง ์š”์ธ 43 3) ์ œ๋„ ์š”์ธ 44 4) ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ 45 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 47 1. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ 47 2. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธก์ • 48 3. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 49 ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 50 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 50 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ œ์ž‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ๊ณต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 51 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋“ฑ๋ก ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ๊ณต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 53 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ๊ณต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 54 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์•ฑ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ œ๊ณต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 56 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 57 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 57 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 57 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 60 1) ์—ฐ์†ํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 60 2) ๋ฒ”์ฃผํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 61 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ˆœ์„œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ 63 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„: ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 66 1. ์ž๋ฃŒโ€ค์ •๋ณด ์š”์ธ 68 1) ์•ฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ 68 2) ์•ฑ ์œ ํ˜• 72 2. ์กฐ์ง ์š”์ธ: ๋ฏผ์›๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 73 3. ์ œ๋„ ์š”์ธ 78 1) ์œ„๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์œ ํ˜• 78 2) ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์œ ํ˜• 79 3) ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ 80 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  85 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 85 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 87 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 88 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 90 ๋ถ€๋ก 102Maste

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    ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋™๋ถ์•„ ๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ• ์ ๋ น๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „์Ÿ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋˜ ํŒจ๊ถŒ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์€ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์— ๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์›ํ˜•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์ „์‹œ์ผœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ „์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด๊ณผ ์ด๋…๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋„ ์—†์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ„๋‹จ์€ 1์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „๋Œ€๊ฒฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋‹จ์ด ๊ณ ์ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚จ๋ถ์€ ๋ƒ‰์ „์  ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ์„ ์ฆํญ ์‹œ์ผœ์™”๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ ์†์—์„œ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์–ต์ง€์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ์†์—์„œ ๋‚จํ•œ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๋‘ ๋…์žฌ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ์ •ํ†ต ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋…์˜ ์ƒ์ด์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํž˜์ด ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „๋ถ•๊ดด์™€ ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋„๋ž˜๋‹ค. 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง๊ณผ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์™€ ๋…์ผํ†ต์ผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ง•๋˜๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „, ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”, ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”, ์‹œ์žฅํ™”, ํ†ตํ•ฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‰ํ™”์˜ ํž˜๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์—๋„ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์งˆ์„œ ๊ทน๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „ ์ฒด์ œ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ์—ญ์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋˜ ์•ˆ์ • ๋ฐ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋…์ผํ†ต์ผ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ƒ‰์ „์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด๊ฐ”๋˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋ถ์•„๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „์ž”์žฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ถŒ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ๋„ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ •์ƒํšŒ๋‹ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™”ํ•ด์™€ ๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ทน๋ณต์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ์•ˆ๋ณดํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„๊ณผ ์ค‘๋ฏธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถํ•ต์œ„๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ„๋‹จ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์œ ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํž˜์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 3๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์ธ ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „๊ธฐ ์˜ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „์˜ ์„ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์™€ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    Role of Transarterial Embolization in the Treatment of Life-Threatening Hemorrhage in Patients With Maxillofacial Injury

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    Life-threatening hemorrhage following maxillofacial injury (MFI) is rare but can be fatal. Conventional measures for hemostasis including nasal packing, balloon tamponade, and surgical ligation of bleeding points may not be effective or efficient in patients at risk of hypovolemic shock. Advantages of transarterial embolization (TAE) include rapid identification of the bleeding focus and its access, direct obstruction of the culprit vessels, ability to control multiple bleeding sites, and no requirement of general anesthesia. The internal maxillary artery is the most frequently targeted vessel for embolization. Several studies have demonstrated that TAE was technically successful at rates between 79.4% and 100% and was associated with good clinical outcomes. However, major complications such as tongue necrosis or facial nerve palsy have rarely been reported (0%-7%), probably because of rich collaterals in the maxillofacial region, and failure to diagnose complications in patients who are severely disabled or died. Traditionally, Gelfoam and coils have been widely used as embolic materials. Polyvinyl alcohol particles and n-butyl-cyanoacrylate are also favored, and newer embolic materials, such as Onyx or precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid, are available for use. Operators should be familiar with the distinctive characteristics of each embolic material. Early treatment with TAE for intractable hemorrhage may improve outcomes in patients with MFI, and further studies are necessary to develop a treatment algorithm to define when to initiate TAE in cases of severe oronasal hemorrhage following MFI.ope

    Safety and Efficacy of Flow Diverter Therapy for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Compared to Traditional Endovascular Strategy : A Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Trial

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    Objective: Endovascular treatment of large, wide-necked intracranial aneurysms by coil embolization is often complicated by low rates of complete occlusion and high rates of recurrence. A flow diverter device has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of not only large and giant unruptured aneurysms, but small and medium aneurysms. However, in Korea, its use has only recently been approved for aneurysms <10 mm. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of flow diversion and coil embolization for the treatment of unruptured aneurysms โ‰ฅ7 mm. Methods: The participants will include patients aged between 19 and 75 years to be treated for unruptured cerebral aneurysms โ‰ฅ7 mm for the first time or for recurrent aneurysms after initial endovascular coil embolization. Participants assigned to a flow diversion cohort will be treated using any of the following devices : Pipeline Flex Embolization Device with Shield Technology (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA), Surpass Evolve (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA, USA), and FRED or FRED Jr. (MicroVention, Tustin, CA, USA). Participants assigned to a coil embolization cohort will undergo traditional endovascular coiling. The primary endpoint will be complete occlusion confirmed by cerebral angiography at 12 months after treatment. Secondary safety outcomes will evaluate periprocedural and post-procedural complications for up to 12 months. Results: The trial will begin enrollment in 2022, and clinical data will be available after enrollment and follow-up. Conclusion: This article describes the aim and design of a multi-center, randomized, open-label trial to compare the safety and efficacy of flow diversion versus traditional endovascular treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms โ‰ฅ7 mm.ope

    Seasonal Variation of House Dust Mite and Its Influence on the Inhabitant Health

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    Background: Exposure to aeroallergens is a critical factor for sensitization of allergens and provocation of respiratory allergic symptoms. Objective: We investigated the seasonal variation of the infestation of house dust mites in the domestic environment of Seoul and its vicinities and its influences on the health of inhabitants. Method: The study was performed from April 2000 through January 2001, comprised 63 houses. The dust samples were collected from bedclothes, bedroom, kitchen, and living room floors by vacuum cleaner in April, July, October, and January. Group 1 major allergen of D. farinae (Der f 1) was measured by two-site ELISA. Specific IgE of enrolled subjects was measured by ELISA. The status of health was evaluated by the questionnaire comprising 5 domains and 26 items. Result: House dust mite (HDM) was detected in 85% houses. Concentration of Der f 1 in the bedclothes dust was highest in October, followed by January, July, and April. The seasonal variation of Der f 1 was prominent in the floor dust. The prevalence of specific IgE to HDM is higher in subjects with high Der f 1 in bedclothes dust (๏ผž2ฮผg/g dust). There was no difference in eye and nasal symptoms between inhabitants with low (Der f 1๏ผœ2ฮผg/g dust) and high Der f 1 (Der f 1โ‰ฅ2ฮผg/g dust) group in bedclothes dust. However, in the high Der f 1 group, inhabitants more frequently had complained of the difficulty in breathing at day and night during recent 1 year. Conclusion: Marked seasonal variation of HDM infestation is found in domestic environments of Seoul citizens and exposure to HDM can affect the health of the inhabitants.ope

    Profiles of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections and Predictors for Species: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

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    Extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, studies about extrapulmonary NTM infections have been limited. Therefore, we aim to describe the diversity of extrapulmonary NTM infections and identify predictors for species. Information regarding diversity of NTM isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, treatment regimens, and outcomes were collected from four tertiary care centers in South Korea. Comparisons were made between patients with rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) infections. A total of 117 patients (46 males vs. 71 females) were included. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) predominated (34.2%), followed by bone and joint infections (28.2%). In SSTIs, RGM species were predominantly identified (26/28, 92.9%), whereas SGM species were mainly identified in bone and joint infections (18/26, 69.2%), and the difference of isolated sites was verified by a post hoc test (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that male sex (vs. female sex; OR 5.30, CI 1.35-24.26, p = 0.020) and bone and joint infections (vs. SSTIs; OR 18.10, CI 3.28-157.07, p = 0.002) were predictors of SGM infections, whereas the opposite was observed for RGM infections. Bone and joint infections and male sex were predictors for SGM infections, whereas SSTIs and female sex were predictors for RGM infections.ope

    Delays in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Management Is Associated with Hematoma Expansion and Worse Outcomes: Changes in COVID-19 Era

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    Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the emergency medical care system worldwide. We analyzed the changes in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and compared the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras. Materials and methods: From March to October of the COVID-19 era (2020), 83 consecutive patients with ICH were admitted to four comprehensive stroke centers. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients and compared the treatment workflow metrics, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes with the patients admitted during the same period of pre-COVID-19 era (2017-2019). Results: Three hundred thirty-eight patients (83 in COVID-19 era and 255 in pre-COVID-19 era) were included in this study. Symptom onset/detection-to-door time [COVID-19; 56.0 min (34.0-106.0), pre-COVID-19; 40.0 min (27.0-98.0), p=0.016] and median door to-intensive treatment time differed between the two groups [COVID-19; 349.0 min (177.0-560.0), pre-COVID-19; 184.0 min (134.0-271.0), p<0.001]. Hematoma expansion was detected more significantly in the COVID-19 era (39.8% vs. 22.1%, p=0.002). At 3-month follow-up, clinical outcomes of patients were worse in the COVID-19 era (Good modified Rankin Scale; 33.7% in COVID19, 46.7% in pre-COVID-19, p=0.039). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 era, delays in management of ICH was associated with hematoma expansion and worse outcomes.ope

    A Case of African Tick-Bite Fever in a Returning Traveler from Southern Africa

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    African tick-bite fever (ATBF), caused by Rickettsia africae, is the second most frequent cause of fever after malaria in travelers returning from Southern Africa. As the Korean outbound travelers are increasing every year, tick-borne rickettsial diseases as a cause of febrile illness are likely to increase. We describe a febrile Korean returning traveler who showed two eschars after visiting the rural field in Manzini, Swaziland. We performed nested polymerase chain reaction using the eschar and diagnosed the patient with ATBF. He was treated with oral doxycycline for 7 days, and recovered without any complications. We believe that the present case is the first ATBF case diagnosed in a Korean traveler.ope
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