23 research outputs found

    μ½œλ“œ μŠ€νƒ€νŠΈ λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μΆ”μ²œμ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μœ„ν•œ 컨텐츠 ν‘œν˜„ ν•™μŠ΅

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ°μ΄ν„°μ‚¬μ΄μ–ΈμŠ€λŒ€ν•™μ› λ°μ΄ν„°μ‚¬μ΄μ–ΈμŠ€ν•™κ³Ό, 2023. 2. 이쀀석.Cold-start item recommendation is a long-standing challenge in recommendation systems. A common approach to tackle cold-start problem is using content-based approach, but in movie recommendations, rich information available in raw video contents or textual descriptions has not been fully utilized. In this paper, we propose a general cold-start recommendation framework that learns multimodal content representations from the rich information in raw videos and text, directly optimized over user-item interactions, instead of using embeddings pretrained on proxy pretext task. In addition, we further exploit multimodal alignment of the item contents in a self-supervised manner, revealing great potential in content representation learning. From extensive experiments on public benchmarks, we verify the effectiveness of our method, achieving state-of-the-art performance on cold-start movie recommendation.μ½œλ“œ μŠ€νƒ€νŠΈ μ•„μ΄ν…œ μΆ”μ²œμ€ μΆ”μ²œμ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 였래된 문제 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ‹€. μ½œλ“œ μŠ€νƒ€νŠΈ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν”νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ˜¨ 방법은 컨텐츠 기반 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ, μ˜ν™” μΆ”μ²œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” 원본 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ 및 원문 μ„€λͺ… 등에 λ‚΄μž¬λœ ν’λΆ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν™œμš©ν•΄μ˜€μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” μ½œλ“œ μŠ€νƒ€νŠΈ μΆ”μ²œ ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 원본 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ™€ ν…μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ ν’λΆ€ν•œ 컨텐츠 정보λ₯Ό 기반으둜 λ©€ν‹°λͺ¨λ‹¬ 컨텐츠 ν‘œν˜„μ„ ν•™μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ, λ‹€λ₯Έ νƒœμŠ€ν¬μ— 사전 ν•™μŠ΅λœ μž„λ² λ”©μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  μœ μ €-μ•„μ΄ν…œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© 정보λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 직접 μž„λ² λ”©μ„ μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€. 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 자기 지도 ν•™μŠ΅ 방법을 톡해 μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ¨λ‹¬λ¦¬ν‹°λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ•„μ΄ν…œ 컨텐츠λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 컨텐츠 ν‘œν˜„ ν•™μŠ΅μ˜ λ°œμ „ κ°€λŠ₯성을 재쑰λͺ…ν•œλ‹€. μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ μ£Όμš” 벀치마크 데이터셋에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό μž…μ¦ν•¨κ³Ό λ™μ‹œμ— μ½œλ“œ μŠ€νƒ€νŠΈ μ˜ν™” μΆ”μ²œ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ ν•΄λ‹Ή λΆ„μ•Ό 졜고 μ„±λŠ₯을 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 사싀을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Related Work 7 Chapter 3. Problem Formulation and Notations 10 Chapter 4. Preliminary 12 Chapter 5. The Proposed Method 16 Chapter 6. Experimental Settings 24 Chapter 7. Results and Discussion 28 Chapter 8. Summary and Future Work 36 Bibliography 37 Abstract in Korean 45석

    μ—°λ°©μ œ ν•˜μ—μ„œμ˜ λΉ λ₯Έ 톡일: 1990λ…„ ν†΅μΌκ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ„œλ… μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ„ ν˜Έμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ κ΅­μ œλŒ€ν•™μ› : κ΅­μ œν•™κ³Ό(κ΅­μ œν˜‘λ ₯전곡), 2013. 8. 이근.μ„±κΈ‰ν•œ 톡일이 κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” 경제적 λΆ€μž‘μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹Ήμ‹œ 이미 λ§Žμ€ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²½κ³ ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , μ™œ μ„œλ…μ˜ 지방정뢀듀은 λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„μ˜ 톡일을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”κ°€? 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 1990λ…„ μ„œλ…μ˜ μ •λ‹Ήμ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ—°λ°© μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄λΌλŠ” λ§₯락 μ†μ—μ„œ, 특히 μ„œλ… μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ„ ν˜Έμ— 관심을 가지고 μ‚΄νŽ΄ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. μ—°λ°©μ œ ν•˜μ˜ μ •λ‹Ήμ •μΉ˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ 기쑴의 연ꡬ듀은 μ—°λ°© μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ ν™œλ™ν•˜λŠ” μ •λ‹Ήμ˜ ν–‰μœ„μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λ©΄μ„œ, μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ„ ν˜Έμ—λŠ” 큰 관심을 κΈ°μšΈμ΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 맹점을 λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, λ³Έ 논문은 Kahnemanκ³ΌTversky의 전망이둠을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ„ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 1990년에 μ‹€μ‹œλœ μ„Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 여둠쑰사와, 연방상원과 μ—°λ°©ν•˜μ›μ˜ λ¬Έμ„œλ“€, 그리고 κΈ°λ―Όλ‹Ήκ³Ό μ‚¬λ―Όλ‹Ήμ˜ λ‹Ήλ‚΄ μ†Œμ‹μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 질적 뢄석이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. 독일톡일에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—°λ°©μƒμ›μ˜ ν† λ‘  ν•˜λ‚˜μ™€ μ—°λ°©ν•˜μ›μ˜ ν† λ‘  λ„€ κ°œμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 단어 μœ μ‚¬μ„±μ— λ”°λ₯Έ ꡰ집뢄석도 μ‹€μ‹œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λΆ„μ„μ˜ μ£Όμš”κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒμ˜ μ„Έκ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 첫째, μ„œλ… μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€λŠ” 톡일 μ΄μ „μ˜ 경제적 μ§€μœ„μ—μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λœ 참쑰점에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ„ ν˜Έλ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 경제적 ν˜„μƒμœ μ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€λŠ” ν†΅μΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜ˆμΈ‘λ˜λŠ” 두 가지 경제적 손싀 – 이민자 증가와 κ΅­κ°€μž¬μ • λΆ€λ‹΄ 증가 –λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜λ € ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€λŠ” μž₯기적 μ†μ‹€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 단기적 손싀에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 더 큰 νšŒν”Όμ„±μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λ“± μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ κ·Όμ‹œμ•ˆμ μΈ μ„ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 1990λ…„ μƒλ°˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ™λ…μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ 이민자 증가가 단기적 μ†μ‹€λ‘œ μΈμ‹λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°, 이것은 λ…μΌλ―Όμ‘±μ˜ μ—°λ°©κ΅­κ²½ μΆœμž…μ— κ΄€ν•œ 법λ₯ (Aufnahmegesetz)의 λΉ„ν˜Έ μ•„λž˜ λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ΄λ―Όμžκ°€ κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ μœ μž…λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 1990λ…„ ν•˜λ°˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” κΈ‰μ†νžˆ μ•…ν™”λœ λ™λ…κ²½μ œλ‘œ 인해 ν†΅μΌμžκΈˆμ‘°λ‹¬μ΄ λ‹¨κΈ°μ†μ‹€λ‘œ μΈμ‹λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, ν†΅μΌκ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ§‘κΆŒλ‹Ή(κΈ°λ―Όλ‹Ή/기사당과 μžλ―Όλ‹Ή μ—°ν•©)이 제1μ•Όλ‹Ή(사민당)보닀 더 주도적인 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λŠ”λ°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ£Όλ„κΆŒμ€ μ§‘κΆŒλ‹Ήμ˜ 두 가지 μ •μ±… β€“μΆœμž…λ²•μ˜ 폐지 및 독일 톡일 기금 μ‹ μ„€-에 κΈ°μΈν•œλ‹€. 이 두 가지 정책듀은 각각 이민자 증가와 ν†΅μΌμžκΈˆμ‘°λ‹¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ†μ‹€νšŒν”Όλ₯Ό μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°œκ²¬μ€ ν•œλ°˜λ„ 톡일에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬ듀이 ν†΅μΌμ˜ 심리적 츑면을 κ°„κ³Όν•΄ μ™”μŒμ— λΉ„μΆ”μ–΄ λ³Ό λ•Œ, μΆ”ν›„ 연ꡬ에 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”κ°€ 크닀.Why did West German regional governments approve the swift pace of German unification, despite the fact that many economic experts repeatedly warned of economic side-effects of a rapid approach to unification? West German party politics during 1990 is examined in the context of federal system, to answer this question. A special emphasis is placed on the preferences of regional governments in West Germany. Previous studies of party politics in federal systems focused on behaviors of central party leaderships and paid little attention to regional preferences. To fill in this missing gap, this thesis adopts prospect theory from Kahneman and Tversky as an analytical framework to localize these preferences to regional governments. Three public opinion polls, parliamentary documents of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, and intra-party magazines of the CDU and the SPD are analyzed. A cluster-analysis by word similarity is conducted for one Bundesrat debate and four Bundestag debates over German unification. There are three major findings. First, West German regional governments formed their preference based on a reference point at the pre-unification economic status quo. To safeguard their economic status quo, regional governments attempted to avoid two major economic losses expected from unification – increased immigration from East Germany and increased burden of public finance to support unification. Second, regional governments tended towards a myopic preference, with greater loss-avoidance for a short-run loss than for a long-run loss. In the first half of 1990, an increase in East German immigrants was perceived as a short-run loss, due to a huge tide of migration inflows under the Entrance Law (Aufnahmegesetz). In the second half of 1990, against the backdrop of the aggravating East German economy, unification financing was perceived as a short-run loss. Third, the incumbent parties (CDU/CSU-FDP) were more successful than the major opposition party (SPD) in unification initiatives, thanks to their two policy instruments – abolition of the Entrance Law and creation of the German Unity Fund. These two policies respectively made a good use of regional governments loss-avoidance for immigration increase and unification financing. Findings of this thesis have significant implications for future studies of Korean unification, given the earlier academic negligence of psychological aspects of the unification process.Abstract i List of Figures iv List of Tables v Abbreviations and Acronyms vi Π†.Introduction 1 A.The Puzzle 1 B.Previous Studies 3 1.Previous Studies of German Unification 3 2.Previous Studies of West German Party Politics in 1990 5 C.Research Question 8 β…‘.Analytical Framework 10 A.Previous Studies of Political Parties in Federal Systems 10 B.Prospect Theory 12 C.Propositions 17 D.Methodology 22 1.Analytical Objectives 22 2.Data 23 3.Methods 24 β…’.The Federal System of West Germany and German Unification 26 A.The Federal System of West Germany: Cooperative Federalism 26 B.Party Politics under the West German Federal System 31 C.German Unification under the West German Federal System 35 1.Legislative Process of the First State Treaty (The GEMSU Treaty) 36 2.Legislative Process of the Second State Treaty (The Unification Treaty) 39 β…£.Before German Economic, Monetary, and Social Union: January-June 1990 44 A.West German Public Reference Point at the Pre-Unification State of Wealth 44 B.Immigration from East Germany 49 1.Increase in Immigration from East Germany 49 2.Law for the Entrance of Germans to the Federal Border 50 3.Short-Run Loss-Avoidance of West German Regional Governments 52 4.Party Politics 55 C.Unification Financing 60 1.Public Finance: Institutionalized Rules & Procedures 60 2.Future-Cost-Discounting of West German Regional Governments 61 3.Party Politics 69 β…€. After German Economic, Monetary, and Social Union:July-December 1990 75 A.Immigration from East Germany: Decreased Concerns 75 B.Unification Financing 79 1.Economic Problems of East Germany after the GEMSU 79 2.Short-Run Loss-Avoidance of West German Regional Governments 80 3.Party Politics 87 C.All-German Federal Election 92 1.Electoral Campaigns 93 2.Election Results 97 β…₯. Conclusion 101 A.Thesis Summary 101 B.Different Patterns of Loss-Avoidance for Immigration&Unification Financing 103 C.Implications for Korean Unification 105 1.Growing Economic Inequality between the Two Koreas 105 2.Existing Studies of Unification Costs 106 3.Lessons for Korean Unification 107 D.Future Studies 109 Bibliography 111 ꡭ문초둝 129Maste

    Synthesis of Architecture-Controlled Poly(ethylene oxide)s as Biocompatible Materials

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μž¬λ£Œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€, 2014. 2. μ•ˆμ² ν¬.Poly(ethylene oxide)s are well known biocompatible, non-toxic, anti-fouling materials in biomedical fields and have been used for applications such as drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging modality and surface modification of carriers. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and primary architecture of poly(ethylene oxide) can be precisely controlled employing anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide in a high-vacuum system. 4-arm, 6-arm, 8-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide)s were synthesized using pentaerythritol, sorbitol and 4-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene) oxide precursor as initiators. All polymerizations were carried out in DMSO based on 30 mole% activation of hydroxyl groups in initiators to minimize the side reaction of DMSO activation by DPMK catalyst, known as dimsyl anion formation. Dendritic poly(ethylene oxide)s were prepared in the same condition. Linear, star-shaped, dendritic poly(ethylene oxide)s were synthesized and surface modification at focal point as well as at each peripheral end was successfully controlled. All the polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, GPC and UV spectrometer. Anionic polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide)s produced the polymers with very narrow molecular weight distribution, which is an important requirement for a biomaterial applicable to drug and cell delivery system in vivo. For delivery of anticancer drugs on tumor site, nanostructures were used for efficiency in delivery and minimized side effects. Block copolymers consisting of 5 K poly(ethylene oxide), functionalized middle block and 2 K poly(caprolactone) were synthesized. Cysteine residues with thiol pendent group were introduced as a functionalized block between two polymers for enhanced stability during blood stream and selective degradation at a targeted site. Doxorubicin was used as anticancer drug and drug loaded nanoparticles displayed the size of 221 nm. Doxorubicin-loading amount and efficiency was around 8.7 and 26.0 %, respectively. Release profile of doxorubicin was monitored under two different conditions with the presence as well as absence of DTT and selective drug release at intracellular condition was observed. 8-arm star-shaped and dendritic poly(ethylene oxide)s were obtained without any noticeable side reactions. Molecular weight was 80 K with narrow molecular weight distribution of 1.03 and functionalized end groups were utilized for islet surface modification as well as double layer coating with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Two catechol groups in average were conjugated at the peripheral ends of 8-arm star poly(ethylene oxide)s and reacted with either thiol or amine groups on the cell surface in mild condition. Cell coverage and viability were optically visualized by FITC dyes which were additionally conjugated at the unreacted ends of the polymers. Modification of cell surface with double layers of poly(ethylene oxide)s and ultra fractionated heparin did not significantly affect the viability and biological functions of islets in vitro and in vivo. Dendritic poly(ethylene oxide)s were applied for islet modification with the similar method as star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide)s. Dendritic poly(ethylene oxide)s were activated by NHS at the focal point for the conjugation with amine groups on the islet surface. In vivo immunoprotection effects were investigated and dendritic poly(ethylene oxide)-modified islets showed high coverage effect and viability compared to unmodified islets.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Poly(ethylene oxide)s in Biomedical Area 2 1.2. Anionic Polymerization 6 1.3. Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy 10 1.4. Cell Delivery System for Islet transplantation 15 1.5. Research Objectives 19 1.6. References 24 Chapter 2. Synthesis of Poly(ethylene oxide)s via Anionic Polymerization 28 2.1. Introduction 29 2.2. Experimental Section 35 2.3. Results and Discussion 57 2.4. Conclusion 60 2.5. References 61 Chapter 3. Reduction-sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery System 64 3.1. Introduction 65 3.2. Experimental Section 67 3.3. Results and Discussion 74 3.4. Conclusion 83 3.5. References 84 Chapter 4. 8-Arm Star-shaped Poly(ethylene oxide)s for Cell Delivery 87 4.1. Introduction 88 4.2. Experimental Section 91 4.3. Results and Discussion 98 4.4. Conclusion 110 4.5. References 110 Chapter 5. Dendritic Poly(ethylene oxide)s for Cell Delivery 113 5.1. Introduction 114 5.2. Experimental Section 117 5.3. Results and Discussion 128 5.4. Conclusion 139 5.5. References 140 κ΅­λ¬Έμš”μ•½ 142Docto

    심리적 λΆˆμ•ˆμ— κ΄€ν•œ μž‘μ—… 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ‘°μ†Œκ³Ό μ‘°μ†Œμ „κ³΅,2004.Maste

    Analysis of GAN-based Domain Adaptation

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μžμ—°κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ 톡계학과,2020. 2. κΉ€μš©λŒ€.κΈ°κ³„ν•™μŠ΅μ—μ„œ ν›ˆλ ¨ 데이터와 평가 λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” λ™μ§ˆμ μΈ λΆ„ν¬μ—μ„œ λ…λ¦½μ μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μΆœλœ ν‘œλ³Έμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œ κΈ°κ³„ν•™μŠ΅μ΄ μ μš©λ˜λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œλŠ” ν›ˆλ ¨ 데이터와 평가 λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 뢄포가 μƒμ΄ν•œ κ²½μš°κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ„λ©”μΈμ—μ„œ 잘 μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅ 방식에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 이루어지고 있으며 이λ₯Ό 도메인 μˆœμ‘μ΄λΌκ³  ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 두 도메인 κ°„ νŠΉμ§• κ³΅κ°„μ˜ divergenceκ°€ 큰 상황을 κ°€μ •ν•˜μ—¬ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„λ₯˜ λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 도메인 μˆœμ‘μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 도메인 μˆœμ‘ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ 널리 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 도메인 μ λŒ€μ  신경망(DANN)은 두 도메인 κ°„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•λ§΅μ„ ν•™μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. 반면 생성적 μ λŒ€ 신경망(GAN) 기반 도메인 μˆœμ‘ λͺ¨ν˜•μ€ μ›μ²œ λ„λ©”μΈμ˜ νŠΉμ§•λ§΅μ΄ μ£Όμ–΄μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ λͺ©ν‘œ λ„λ©”μΈμ˜ νŠΉμ§•λ§΅κ³Όμ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μž”μ°¨ κ°œλ…μ˜ νŠΉμ§•λ§΅μ„ ν•™μŠ΅ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 두 도메인 κ°„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§• 곡간을 ν•™μŠ΅ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ 경우 DANN보닀 μš°μˆ˜ν•œ μ„±λŠ₯을 보인닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 숫자 이미지 자료λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 두 λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 도메인 μˆœμ‘ 효과λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„μ˜€λ‹€.General assumption of machine learning is training and test data are sampled from homogeneous distribution. However, there are some cases where the distribution of training and test data are different in real world problem. For this reason, research is being done on learning strategy to make model work well on both domains. In this study, assumption of huge difference of feature space between source and target domain is made. The main purpose of analysis is domain adaptation effect of various deep neural classification models. Domain-Adversarial Neural Network(DANN)(Ganin et al., 2015), widely used for domain adaptation, aims to learn feature maps which shared between two domains. GAN-Based Domain adaptation model, on the other hand, generates a feature map of the residual concept to achieve domain adaptation. Therefore, performance is better than DANN unless the functional space is shared between the two domains. In this study, numerical image data is used to analyze the domain adaptation effects of both models.1. μ„œλ‘  1 2. 뢄석 방법둠 4 2.1 도메인 μˆœμ‘ κ°œμš” 4 2.2 도메인 μ λŒ€μ  신경망 (DANN) 5 2.3 GAN 기반 도메인 μˆœμ‘ 신경망 7 3. μ‹€ν—˜ 11 3.1 자료 11 3.2 κ΅¬ν˜„ μ„ΈλΆ€ 사항 13 3.3 μ„±λŠ₯ 비ꡐ 16 4. κ²°λ‘  20Maste

    Simultaneous Removal of Both Cesium and Iodate using Prussian Blue Functionalized CoCr Layered Double Hydroxides (PB-LDH)

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    Master방사성 μ„ΈμŠ˜κ³Ό μš”μ˜€λ“œλŠ” νœ˜λ°œμ„±κ³Ό μš©ν•΄λ„κ°€ λ†’μ•„ μ›μžλ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†Œ 사고 μ‹œ μžμ—° μƒμœΌλ‘œ 유좜되기 μ‰¬μš΄ 핡쒅이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 방사성 μ„ΈμŠ˜κ³Ό μš”μ˜€λ“œλ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν‘μ°©μ œλ“€μ΄ 개발되고 μžˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 쀑 ν”„λŸ¬μ‹œμ•ˆλΈ”λ£¨λŠ” μ „μ΄κΈˆμ†κ³Ό μ‹œμ•ˆμ΄μ˜¨μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ λ©΄μ‹¬μž…λ°©κ΅¬μ‘° ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” νŒŒλž‘μƒ‰ μ—Όμƒ‰μ²΄λ‘œ, 격자 ꡬ쑰 크기가 μ„ΈμŠ˜ 이온 크기와 μœ μ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ„ΈμŠ˜μ„ μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ”λ° νš¨κ³Όμ μ΄λ‹€. μΈ΅μƒμ΄μ€‘μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”λ¬Όμ€ 2κ°€μ˜ κΈˆμ† μ–‘μ΄μ˜¨μ΄ μˆ˜μ‚°κΈ°μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έμ—¬ μžˆλŠ” νŒ”λ©΄μ²΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 가지고 있으며, κ·Έ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 3κ°€ μ–‘μ΄μ˜¨μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜ν™˜λ˜μ–΄ μ–‘μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό λ λŠ” 측상 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 가진닀. 두 μ–‘μ „ν•˜ 측상 ꡬ쑰 사이에 μ „ν•˜κ· ν˜•μ„ λ§žμΆ”κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 음이온과 λ¬Ό λΆ„μžκ°€ μ‚½μž…λ˜μ–΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ©°, 이 μŒμ΄μ˜¨μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 음이온과 μ΄μ˜¨κ΅ν™˜μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ—¬ μš”μ˜€λ“œλ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ”λ° νš¨κ³Όμ μ΄λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 이전에 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 방사성 폐앑 내에 κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” μ–‘μ΄μ˜¨ μ„ΈμŠ˜κ³Ό 음이온 μš”μ˜€λ“œλ₯Ό λ™μ‹œμ— 효과적으둜 μ œκ±°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν”„λŸ¬μ‹œμ•ˆ λΈ”λ£¨λ‘œ κ°œλŸ‰ν•œ μΈ΅μƒμ΄μ€‘μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό(PB-LDH)λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•©μ„±λœ PB-LDHλŠ” μ—‘μŠ€μ„  회절, 푸리에 λ³€ν™˜ 적외선 λΆ„κ΄‘ν•™, μ œνƒ€ μ „μœ„ 및 주사/투과 μ „μž ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μ„ 톡해 물리화학적 νŠΉμ„± 뢄석을 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό PB-LDH ν•©μ„± κ³Όμ • 쀑, Fe(CN)64-λŠ” μΈ΅μƒμ΄μ€‘μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό 측간에 μ‚½μž…λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , 반데λ₯΄λ°œμŠ€ νž˜μ— μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μΈ΅μƒμ΄μ€‘μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ‘μ§‘λ˜μ–΄ μΈ΅μƒμ΄μ€‘μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό ν‘œλ©΄μ— Co-Fe ν”„λŸ¬μ‹œμ•ˆλΈ”λ£¨λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. PB-LDHν•©μ„± ν›„ ꡬ쑰적 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ μš©ν•΄λ˜λŠ” Co, Cr, Fe κΈˆμ† 이온이 ν™•μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ 쀄어든 것을 확인 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•©μ„±λœ PB-LDHλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 흑착 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, 5 mg/L의 Cs+κ³Ό 5 mg/L의 IO3βˆ’κ°€ ν˜Όν•©λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μš©μ•‘ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 99.7 % μ„ΈμŠ˜κ³Ό 89.8 %의 μš”μ˜€λ“œλ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. PB-LDH의 μ„ΈμŠ˜ 제거 λŠ₯λ ₯은 32.36 mg/g, μš”μ˜€λ“œ 제거 λŠ₯λ ₯은 85.47 mg/g으둜 높은 μ œκ±°λŸ‰μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. pH에 λ”°λ₯Έ 흑착 μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό PB-LDH의 μ΅œμ ν™”λœ pH 쑰건은 4~10으둜 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ PB-LDHκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 경쟁 이온이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œμ˜ 흑착 μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό, Cs+ μ œκ±°λŸ‰μ€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 이온 μ‚¬μ΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό 가진 K+이온이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ ν‘μ°©λŸ‰μ΄ μ•½κ°„ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ, λ‹€λ₯Έ 경쟁 μ–‘μ΄μ˜¨μ—μ„œλŠ” 큰 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ IO3βˆ’μ˜ μ œκ±°λŸ‰ 경우 λ‹€λ₯Έ 경쟁 음이온이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ 크게 κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히 μΈ΅μƒμ΄μ€‘μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”λ¬Όμ˜ 음이온 선택성이 높은 SO42βˆ’μ—μ„œ μ œκ±°λŸ‰μ΄ κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Cs+κ³Ό IO3βˆ’ 흑착 μ „/ν›„ μ—‘μŠ€μ„  κ΄‘μ „μž λΆ„κ΄‘ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό Co2+κ°€ Co3+둜 μ‚°ν™”λ˜λ©΄μ„œ, IO3βˆ’κ°€ I2둜 Fe3+κ°€ Fe2+둜 ν™˜μ›λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν™˜μ›λœ Fe2+은 Cs+κ³Ό λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν™”ν•©λ¬Ό Cs4Co4Fe3(CN)18을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ Cs을 μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. IO3βˆ’λŠ” 주둜 μΈ΅μƒμ΄μ€‘μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό 측간에 μ‚½μž…λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” Clβˆ’μ™€ μ΄μ˜¨κ΅ν™˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ œκ±°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.Radioactive cesium and iodine have become an emerging issue because theses radionuclide have high radiotoxicity and solubility, and they can easily transport to the environmental. Prussian blue (PB), known as metal hexacyanoferrate compounds, has cubic face centered structure in which lattice size is similar to the ionic size of Cs+. In addition, Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are composed of the positive charged layer with the exchangeable anions to maintain the structural charge balance. LDHs have anion exchange properties and become the promising sorbents of iodine. Based on the advantages of PB and LDHs, Prussian blue functionalized layered double hydroxides (PB-LDH) were synthesized to remove both Cs+ and IO3βˆ’ from radioactive solutions concurrently. The PB formation on LDHs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy. During the synthesis PB-LDH, Fe(CN)64βˆ’ does not intercalate into the LDH layered structure, but aggregates on the LDHs surface according to attractive van der Waals forces and forms PB on the surface of LDHs. Synthesized PB-LDH simultaneously removed 32.36 mg/g of Cs+ and 85.47 mg/g IO3βˆ’ from the mixed waste solutions. The optimized pH conditions ranged from 4 to 10, so the PB-LDH can be used in various environmental conditions. The Cs+ removal was not significantly changed by competition with other cations, but IO3βˆ’ removal declined in the presence of other anions, especially in SO42βˆ’. The mechanisms of Cs+ were the K+ ion exchange and Fe3+ reduction to form Cs4Co4Fe3(CN)18. Reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ promoted the Cs+ intercalation into a body-centered cubic location. In addition, IO3βˆ’ was removed by ion exchange with intercalated Clβˆ’ and by a redox effect with Co ions. This PB-LDH sorbent can be used to remove both radioactive cesium and iodine from the waste solution at the same time
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