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    ์„œ์šธ์‹œ COVID-19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ํ™ฉ์Šน์‹.Introduction: In general, COVID-19 is become pandemic and threatened entire the world. Although the COVID-19 National Prevention Regulations were implemented, the outbreak kept generating and occurring a variety of places. Many studies did analyze the COVID-19 to identify the relationships among factors, but a few studies used the spatial regression model to investigate. The purpose of this study is to provide and utilize the basis for health policies appropriate to the district units by studying the factors affecting the rate of occurrence of COVID-19. Methods: Seoul COVID-19 data were used. Global and local Morans I was used to explore the spatial distribution and to identify the clusters with the spatial autocorrelation by using GeoDa software. OLS, SLM, SEM model were implemented on the global scale to identify the relationship between the incidence rate and socio-economic variables. Results: Across the 25 districts of Seoul, the incidence rate of COVID-19 depicted a negative spatial pattern (I=-0.049) but captured both hotspots and coldspots across the districts. In terms of model fitting, the adjusted R2 of OLS, SLM, SEM was 0.365, 0.369, 0.365, and each of AIC was 157.519, 159.398, 157.517. Conclusion: Through the COVID-19 incidence rate, space patterns in the districts of Seoul were identified and hotspots and coldspots were detected. Although no other variables have been significant, it suggests that there is no choice but to move to engage in economic activity. In this regard, health policies for each autonomous district should be established, and it is necessary to curb the occurrence of COVID-19 by supplementing public medical personnel.์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ: ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜์น™์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ฐ„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํ™•์ง„์ž ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GeoDa ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ตญ์ /๊ตญ์ง€์  Morans I๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž๊ธฐ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ตญ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, GeoDa ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ OLS, SLM, SEM์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์„œ์šธ์‹œ 25๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด ์Œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž๊ธฐ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ(I=-0.049)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, 25๊ฐœ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ ๋‚ด ํ•ซ์ŠคํŒŸ๊ณผ ์ฝœ๋“œ์ŠคํŒŸ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ ๋‚ด ์˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ํ•ฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ OLS, SLM, SEM์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.365, 0.369, 0.365์ด๋ฉฐ, AIC๊ฐ’์€ 157.519, 159.398, 157.517๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ 25๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ ๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ•ซ์ŠคํŒŸ๊ณผ ์ฝœ๋“œ์ŠคํŒŸ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋Š” 25๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋„ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Literature review 4 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 8 2.1. Study area 8 2.2. Data selection and preparation 8 2.3. Spatial pattern and autocorrelation 14 2.4. Spatial regression analysis 15 2.5. Ethical issues 17 3. RESULTS 18 3.1. Descriptive analysis 18 3.2. Spatial pattern and autocorrelation 21 3.3. Spatial regression analysis 25 4. DISCUSSION 29 5. CONCLUSION 33 REFERENCES 34 Abstract in Korean 38Maste

    The Task and Recognition of Local Image for Local Activation

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์ถœ๋œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ๏ผŒ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ๏ผŒ์ง€์—ญ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž์›์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์กฐ์‚ฌํ‰๊ฐ€๏ผŒ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฌด์—ฟ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๏ผŒ์ง€์—ญ์ž์›์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๏ผŒ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๏ผŒ์œ„๊ธฐ โ€ข ๋„์ „์˜์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ค ์…‹์งธ๏ผŒ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐจ์›์˜ PR(MPR) ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์ง€์ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ๏ผŒ์ง€์—ญ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ปจ๋ฒค์…˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ๏ผŒ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์‹œ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์ธ ์‰ฌ๋ฉ”๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—ญ์‹œ๏ผŒ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ œ๊ณ ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชซ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2003๋…„๋„ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›๋น„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ

    Influence of skin autograft on wound contracture and myofibroblast in the wound of rats

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ƒ์ฒด์— ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฒฐ์†์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ฐฝ์ƒ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฒฐ์† ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ฐฝ์ƒ์น˜์œ  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ฐ˜ํ”์ด ์ฃผ์œ„์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์œ ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์‹ ์ฒด๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์žฅ์• ์™€ ์ถ”ํ˜• ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜์ž์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ดํ›„, ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฐฝ ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, ๋ฐฑ์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€์— ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฒฐ์† ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ œ 1๊ตฐ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ ์งํ›„, ์ œ 2๊ตฐ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ 3์ผ ํ›„, ์ œ 3๊ตฐ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ 5์ผ ํ›„,์ œ 4๊ตฐ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ 7์ผ ํ›„์— ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธต ์ž๊ธฐํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ๋งŒ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ hema-toxylin ๋ฐ eosin(H-E) ์—ผ์ƒ‰, anti-ฮฑ-actin ํ•ญ์ฒด์™€ anti-desmin ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ณผ 4-chloro-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole(NBD)-phallacidin์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ thymidine ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์ธ 5-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—ญ๋™ํ• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(cell kinetic study)์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜ํ˜€ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜(p< 0.01), ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. H-E ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ƒ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์ƒ์น˜์œ  ๊ณผ์ •์˜ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ œ 1๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ์ฆ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. NBD-phallacidin์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ œ 1๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ 3์ผ ํ›„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ 1๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ 2์ฃผ ํ›„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 4์ฃผ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ฆ์‹๋œ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ œ 1๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฃผ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ œ 2, 3, 4๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 3์ฃผ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5. BrdU๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—ญ๋™ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ labeling index๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ ˆ์ œ 7์ผ ํ›„๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ 1๊ตฐ์˜ 3์ผ, 7์ผ, 14์ผ, 21์ผ ํ›„์˜ labeling index๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค(p<0.05). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์„œ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€์ฐฝ์ƒ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ด์‹์€ ๋ฐฑ์„œ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐฝ์ƒ์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถœํ˜„์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„์ƒ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] A defect in skin leads to wound contracture as a biologic process for rapid healing of wound. However, as a result of wound contracture, sequelae such as motion limitation and disfigurement are frequently noted. Hence, it seems to be of paramount importance to understand wound contracture and to study how to control this phenomenon. Myofibroblast, which has both the characteristics of smooth muscle cell and fibroblast, plays a maior role in wound contracture. Many workers have tried to control wound contracture with various medications and surgical procedures as skin graft, and at present some of them are in use with moderate success. However, it is still not clearly known how to stop or freely control wound contracture. In this study, the influences of skin graft on the experimental wound contracture and histologic changes of myofibroblast were investigated. On the dorsum of rat, surgical skin excision was performed to make an experimental wound. Partial thickness autologous skin graft was performed immediately, 3, 5 and 7 days after skin excision in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th group, respectively. The changes in areas of skin wound of the non-skin grafted control group and the skin grafted groups were measured, and histolugic changes were observed by hematoxylin & eosin(H-E) staining, by immunohistochemical staining using anti-ฮฑ-actin antibody and anti-desmin antibody, by fluorescent histochemical staining using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole(NBD)-phallacidin, and by cell kinetic study using 5-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU), which is a thymidine analogue. The results are as follows : 1. In the skin grafted groups, wound contracture decreased markedly compared to the control group(P<0.01), irrespective of the time when the skin graft was performed. However, the influence of the skin graft on wound contracture in time intervals was not significant. 2. Regression analysis showed that the wound contracture progregsed much slowly in the skin grafted groups than in the control group. 3. By H-E staining, there was no significant difference in wound healing process between the skin grafted groups and the control group. In the immediately skin grafted first group, the area and extent of inflammation at the wound site were much less than the control group. In addition, the inflammatory cell infiltration disappeared earlier than in the control group. 4. By fluorescent histochemical staining using NBD-phallacidin, myofibroblasts were seen 3 days after skin excision in both the control group and the first group. The number of myofibroblast, however, was less in the first group. The number of myofibroblast increased continuously until 2 weeks after skin excision and remained high until 4 weeks later in the control group. In the skin grafted groups, it decreased after 2 weeks in the first group, and after 3 weeks in the second, third and fourth groups. 5. By cell kinetic study using BrdU, the labeling index reached its maximal value at the 7th day, followed by a slow decrease thereafter in all groups. The labeling index in the first group was significantly lower than in the control group at the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days, respectively(p<0.05). It is concluded that the skin graft significantly decreases wound contracture, although the influence of time interval changes of the skin graft is not so great as to affect the contracture rate. The skin graft does not affect the time of appearance of myofibroblast, but it significantly decreases the number of mlrofibroblast initially and accelerates disappearance of myofibroblast, and contracture of the wound is accordingly reduced.restrictio

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    Cephalometric study for maxillary growth following cleft lip and palate repair

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๊ตฌ์ˆœ์—ด ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ดํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์„ฑํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์Œ, ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ˆœ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ์˜ ๋ฐœ์œก์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. 1764๋…„ France์˜ Le Monnier๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ ์žฌ๊ฑด์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ข€๋” ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์› ์„ฑํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ตฌ์ˆœ์—ด ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ดํ™˜์ž 65๋ช…๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ดํ™˜์ž 6๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ Steiner์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณ„์ธก์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธก์น˜๋ฅ  ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์œ ๋ฌด, ๊ตฌ์ˆœ์—ด ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ›„ ๊ทธ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ตฌ์ˆœ์—ด์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ์˜ ๋ฐœ์œก ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 2. ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ด์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ์˜ ๋ฐœ์œก๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ 4์„ธ ์ดํ›„์— ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ์˜ ๋ฐœ์œก์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ดํ™˜์ž๋Š” SNA์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ SNB์ธก์ •์น˜๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ANB๋Š” ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ด์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจํ›„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ชจ์ƒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ด์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ์˜ ๋ฐœ์œก์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ชจ์ƒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•จ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๋ง(์–ธ์–ด)์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๋•Œ, ์ฆ‰ 2์„ธ์ด์ „์— ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์—ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Cleft lip and palate deformity is most common and challenging abnormality in the field of plastic surgery and objectives of its surgical repair would be normalization of appearance of lip and nose as well as the function of palate. Since Le Honnier reported first successful closure of soft palate in 1764, many surgical procedures for the cleft palate repair has been developed to improve impaired speech problems. However, the maxillary growth, particularly after the surgical manipulation of cleft lip and palate has been paid less attention to the present. This is a study, therefore, to evaluate possible effect that our way of surgical repair of the clefts might have rendered something to interfere the subsequent growth and development of maxilla. Steiner's cephalometry was done on every individual, a total of 71 cleft lip and/or palate patients of which 65 were operated at the Severance Hospital and 6 were nonoperated and a total of 71 normal children with age ranging 8 to 12 Yrs. The numeral data obtained by the cephalometry were classified according to the type of clefts, time of repair and statute to compare with the non-operated clefts and the normal reference group. The results were summarized as fellows: 1. The lip repair dud not disturb maxillary growth and development. 2. The palatoplagty, espectally early palatoplasty, disturbed maxillary growth and development, but even if palatal repair was performed after age of 4 yrs., the maxillary growth retardation was definite by compared with normal reference group. 3. The maxillary retrusion, however, was not evident due to relative mandibular retrusion, which was common phenomena in cleft palate patients. 4. In conclusion, because of undesirable speech problems in the most cases of late palatal repair even though the maxillary growth is apparently less interfered, palate should be repaired before age of two years for the fulfillment of surgical objectives.restrictio
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