59 research outputs found

    New Minorities in Orange County: Life Space and Re-territorialization

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    This study compares and analyzes the ethnic enclaves of Orange County in California and examines the characteristics of the recent migrant minorities, their life spaces and forms of re-territorialization. I have conceptualized those who migrate with enough economic and educational assets as new minorities to distinguish them from existing migrant minorities. How Irvines new minorities differ from other ethnic enclaves in the character of spatial formation and re-territorialization is also analyzed. Irvine is an open space. It is not a closed or isolated space bordered by ethnic groups. Thus, there is a high possibility of it developing into a space where the minority, the majority, and minority groups can communicate with each other; however, new minorities in Irvine still have limitations. So it is necessary to study in depth how new minorities practice re-territorialization, realize the politics of recognition, and pursue competition and success in their life-world and life space

    The Performance Analysis of Coordination Mechanism in a Supply Chain with Price-Dependent Demand

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    DoctorFor the past two decades, the supply chain management (SCM) has received much attention as a leveraging tool for the competitiveness of the overall chain members. As the advanced information and transportation technology have made the perceived distance much shorter among the companies, the necessity of SCM has been also proliferated rapidly by intensified competition. Nevertheless, the integration and cooperation problems still remain as a hot issue since each company tends to pursue its own benefit without considering other parties in the chain, which causes conflicts of interest when constructing the cooperative relationship. In addition, the functional integration problem in operational and marketing activities has also been rising recently since the success in todayโ€™s competitive business environment is largely dependent on the degree of which the supply chain is capable of integrating across the companies and the traditional functional boundaries. In this environment, the strategies of realistic coordination hold a key to create more values in a given marketplace. The purpose of this research is to develop models for assessing several coordination mechanisms and to investigate their performance for leading the chain members to an adequate position. In this research, the supply chain consists of a single retailer and a single manufacturer, in which the end customer demand is assumed to be price-dependent in considering marketing activities. The retailer places orders for products according to an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) policy, and the manufacturer produces them on a lot-for-lot basis. Mathematical models are constructed for three different types of demand functions, and four coordination mechanisms are examined in each demand function: a full coordination (FC) mechanism which is fully integrated in all chain members and functional boundaries, two types of partial coordination (PC1 and PC2) mechanisms which partially collaborate at different levels of operational and marketing integration, and a non-coordination (NC) mechanism in which the chain members pursue their own aims as independent companies. The solution procedures to determine the optimal retail prices and order quantities are developed for the coordination mechanisms in each demand function. Through extensive numerical experiments, the behaviors of the proposed mechanisms are analyzed and the differences are characterized according to the types of demand functio

    ํด๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กญ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์›๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •: ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ธตํ™”, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ, ํšŒ์ „์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌยท์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™๋ถ€(์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2012. 2. ๊น€์›…ํƒœ.While real astrophysical disks are vertically stratified both in density and temperature, and usually confined by external pressure, gravitational instability (GI) of flattened systems is treated in most studies as that of an isothermal, razor-thin disk by taking vertical averages of disk properties. To clarify what physical effects vertical stratification and external pressure have on the GI, we investigate local axisymmetric GI of rotating, pressure-confined, polytropic disks by performing linear stability analysis with resolved vertical structure. We find that the GI of plane-parallel layers with pressure-confinement is in general a combination of conventional Jeans modes and distortional modes and is an unstable version of acoustic-gravity waves. In weakly confined (or vertically extended) disks, GI is a Jeans mode and depends both on vertical density and temperature profiles. For a fixed surface density and midplane sound speed, polytropic disks with a steeper equation of state are found to be more Jeans unstable because they tend to have a smaller vertical scale height as well as a steeper temperature gradient. The usual gravitational reduction factor (1 + kH)โˆ’1 well describes the reduced gravity at the disk midplane on small scales, whereas the density-weighted root harmonic mean square (RHMS), rather than the simple mean, of the adiabatic sound speed accounts for thermal pressure support. However, the growth rate and wavelength of the fastest growing mode are insensitive to the polytropic index. In strongly confined disks, on the other hand, the GI is dominated by a distortional mode that requires surface distortion.We find that the pure distortional mode occurring in the limit of the maximal disk compression is essentially incompressible and is an unstable analogue of terrestrial water waves. When the pressure confinement is intermediate, the relative contributions from the two types of GI can be determined by comparing the perturbed column densities at the disk boundaries and inside the disk. We decompose numerical dispersion relations into three distinct terms, each responsible for the perturbed gravity due to surface distortion, perturbed gravity due to Jeans modes, and restoring force by acoustic-gravity waves, respectively. The growth of GI in Jeans unstable disks with moderate degree of pressure-confinement is significantly enhanced by distortional modes. Finally, we find that rotation stabilizes GI in much the same way as in the razor-thin case because fluid motions in GI are more or less restricted in the in-plane direction. Substituting the density-weighted RHMS sound speed in the expression for the Toomre Q parameter, we find that the critical values for stability are 0.68โ€“0.7 regardless of the polytropic index 0.5 โ‰ค Gamma โ‰ค 2. We obtain an analogue of Toomre's parameter for mixed type of GI using the effective sound speed of acoustic-gravity waves. For the isothermal case, threshold values are within the range of 0.68 to 0.76.ํ‰๋ฉด๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 2์ฐจ์› ๋“ฑ์˜จ ์›๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์›๋ฐ˜์€ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธตํ™”๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€ํƒฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์›์‹œ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„ ์›๋ฐ˜์€ ๋ฐ€๋„, ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ธตํ™”๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ ,HII ์˜์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€์—์„œ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ถฉ์ฐจ์••์ด๋‚˜ ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์—ด์  ์••๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€ํƒฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ธตํ™”, ์™ธ๋ถ€์••๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšŒ์ „์ด 3์ฐจ์› ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์›๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰ํ˜• ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ์ค‘๋ ฅ, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •์œ ์ฒดํ‰ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กญ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์›๋ฐ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ญ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ์ „์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ•๋Œ€์นญ ์„ญ๋™๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋ถ€ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์ฒด ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์›๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ค‘๋ ฅ-์ŒํŒŒ์ด๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€์••๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ์ธตํ™”๋œ ์›๋ฐ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ 2์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ง„์ฆˆ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ธตํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” (1+kH)โˆ’1์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณด์ •ํ•ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„ ์ธตํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๋‹จ์—ด ์Œ์†์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐํ™” ํ‰๊ท  ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กญ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์›๋ฐ˜์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กญ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌํ‰๋ฉด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์œ ํšจ ๋†’์ด ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ , ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•ด์ ธ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํšจ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํด๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กญ ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ , ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธธ์ด ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€ํƒฑ๋˜๋Š” ์›๋ฐ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ค‘๋ ฅ-์ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ง„์ฆˆ ๋ชจ๋“œ์™€ ๋น„์••์ถ•์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋น„์••์ถ•์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์••๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ , ์›๋ฐ˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์›๋ฐ˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ญ๋™ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ค‘๋ ฅ-์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์€ 2์ฐจ์›์—์„œ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ฒด ์šด๋™์„ ํ‰๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„, ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ธตํ™”๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋ฐ˜์˜ ํˆผ๋ ˆ Q ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ™” ํ‰๊ท  ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ์Œ์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํด๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กญ ์›๋ฐ˜์€ ํด๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กญ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.5 โ‰ค Gamma โ‰ค 2์ผ ๋•Œ ์ง„์ฆˆ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์˜ Q ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ 0.68โ€“0.7์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ค‘๋ ฅ-์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์Œ์†์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€ํƒฑ๋˜๋Š” ์›๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„์ฆˆ-๋น„์••์ถ•์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆผ๋ ˆ Q ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Q ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์€ ๋“ฑ์˜จ ์›๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด 0.68โ€“0.76์˜ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.Maste

    ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ„์˜ ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋ณต์‚ฌ ๋˜๋จน์ž„์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ์ง„ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌยท์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™๋ถ€(์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2018. 8. ๊น€์›…ํƒœ.ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ ‹๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ„๋“ค์€ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ ๋ถ„์ž์šด๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„ฑ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํ™”ํ•™์ , ์—ญํ•™์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ„์ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์นจ์‹์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋ณต์‚ฌ ๋˜๋จน์ž„์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ๋ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์ค‘์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์™€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ์ „๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์† ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰ ์ „๋ฆฌ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰ํ–‰ ํ‰๋ฉด์˜ ์žํ™”๋œ ์ „๋ฆฌ์ „์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜• ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์ „์„ ๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ์„ญ๋™์˜ ํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์ „์„ ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์†๋„์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ™”์—ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ดํ•ต๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” Darrieus-Landau ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๊ธฐ์ฒด์™€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ์•• ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ ฅ, ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์„ ๋ฉด์— ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ญ๋™์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฆฌ์ „์„ ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ฆฌ์ „์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์€ Rayleigh-Taylor ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌํ˜• ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์—ด์  ์••๋ ฅ, ์„ฑ๊ฐ„ ํ‹ฐ๋Œ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์‚ฌ์••, ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋‹จ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ, ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์ž์ฒด์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€ํ•ด์„์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ž˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ณ„ ํƒ„์ƒ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€๋ถ„์ž์šด์€ 10%๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ„ ํƒ„์ƒ ํšจ์œจ๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋•Œ ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ด์  ์••๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ํฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋ณ„ ํƒ„์ƒ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์••์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์€ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์ž์œ ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ์šด๋™์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋‹จ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์  ๊ด‘์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณต์‚ฌ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์‘ ๊ด‘์„  ์ถ”์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฉ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ์ฝ”๋“œ์ธ Athena์— ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ด‘์„  ์ •๋ณด ๊ตํ™˜์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌํ™” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œ์ผœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•-, ์•ฝ-์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ~1000๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์ ์‘ ๊ด‘์„  ์ถ”์  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์‘ ๊ด‘์„  ์ถ”์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ์šด๋™์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์„ฑ๋‹จ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ์‘ ๊ด‘์„  ์ถ”์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” M1 ๋‹ซํž˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์žฅ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ๊ด‘์› ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์žฅ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 5์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋‹จ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ด‘์ด์˜จํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์••์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ณ„ ํƒ„์ƒ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ„์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํ›„ ~2-10 Myr ์•ˆ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณต์‚ฌ์••์€ (๊ด‘์ด์˜จํ™”์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ) ์ „๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ์ง„ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ž‘์€ ๊ด‘์ฆ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ถ„์ž์šด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์†์‹ค๋„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด‘์ฆ๋ฐœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์†์‹ค๋ฅ ์ด ๋ถ„์ž์šด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ฑ๋‹จ์ด ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์˜จํ™” ๊ด‘์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ž„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ถœ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ตฌํ˜• ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค 10๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ด‘์ž์˜ ํƒˆ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ์‡„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.1 Introduction . . . . . 1 1.1 Giant Molecular Clouds . . . . . 3 1.1.1 Physical Properties . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Slow and Inefficient Star Formation . . . . . 8 1.1.3 Lifetime of GMCs . . . . . 10 1.2 UV Radiation Feedback . . . . . 11 1.2.1 Structure and Dynamics of H II Regions . . . . . 11 1.2.2 Theoretical Models on Cloud Disruption . . . . . 14 1.3 Outline of the Thesis . . . . . 16 2 Instability of Magnetized Ionization Fronts Surrounding H II Regions . . . . . 18 2.1 Introduction . . . . . 19 2.2 Steady Ionization Fronts . . . . . 24 2.2.1 Basic Equations . . . . . 24 2.2.2 Steady-State Configurations . . . . . 25 2.3 Perturbation Equations . . . . . 33 2.3.1 Canonical Modes . . . . . 34 2.3.2 Perturbed Jump Conditions . . . . . 36 2.4 Instability of Unmagnetized IFs . . . . . 39 2.5 Instability of Magnetized IFs . . . . . 44 2.5.1 Cases with k_x = 0 and k_y 0 . . . . . 45 2.5.2 Cases with k_x 0 and k_y = 0 . . . . . 46 2.6 Summary and Discussion . . . . . 53 2.6.1 Summary . . . . . 53 2.6.2 Discussion . . . . . 56 2.A Derivation of Equation (2.76) . . . . . 61 2.B Perturbation Equations for k_x 0 and k_y = 0 . . . . . 62 3 Disruption of Molecular Clouds by Expansion of Dusty H II Regions . . . . . 64 3.1 Introduction . . . . . 65 3.2 Internal Structure of Dusty H II Regions . . . . . 72 3.3 Expansion of Dusty H II Regions . . . . . 77 3.3.1 Model . . . . . 77 3.3.2 Non-gravitating Similarity solutions . . . . . 82 3.3.3 Valid Range of k . . . . . 83 3.3.4 Shell Expansion . . . . . 83 3.3.5 Comparison with Numerical Simulations . . . . . 86 3.4 Minimum Efficiency of Star Formation for Cloud Disruption . . . . . 90 3.4.1 Fiducial Case . . . . . 91 3.4.2 Analytic Estimates . . . . . 98 3.4.3 Effects of k and Trapped Infrared Radiation . . . . . 101 3.5 Summary and Discussion . . . . . 104 3.5.1 Summary . . . . . 104 3.5.2 Discussion . . . . . 108 3.A Light-to-mass ratio of Star Clusters . . . . . 116 3.B Method of Numerical Simulations . . . . . 118 4 Implementation of Adaptive Ray Tracing Method and Tests . . . . . 123 4.1 Introduction . . . . . 124 4.2 Numerical Method . . . . . 129 4.2.1 Adaptive Ray Tracing . . . . . 130 4.2.2 Parallelization . . . . . 133 4.2.3 Update of Radiation Source Terms . . . . . 140 4.3 Results of Code Tests . . . . . 144 4.3.1 Scaling Tests . . . . . 144 4.3.2 Radiation in a Vacuum . . . . . 147 4.3.3 Expansion of H II Regions . . . . . 149 4.4 Application to Star Cluster Formation in Turbulent Clouds . . . . . 158 4.4.1 Numerical Setup . . . . . 158 4.4.2 Overall Evolution & Scaling Test . . . . . 162 4.4.3 Comparison of Radiation Field Computed from M1-Closure and ART . . . . . 163 4.5 Summary . . . . . 171 4.A One-Cell Test of Photoionization Update . . . . . 175 5 Dispersal of Star-Forming Giant Molecular Clouds by Photoionization and Radiation Pressure . . . . . 178 5.1 Introduction . . . . . 179 5.2 Numerical Methods . . . . . 186 5.2.1 Radiation Hydrodynamics Scheme . . . . . 186 5.2.2 Initial and Boundary Conditions . . . . . 190 5.2.3 Models . . . . . 190 5.3 Simulation Results . . . . . 194 5.3.1 Overall Evolution: Fiducial Model . . . . . 194 5.3.2 Star Formation and Mass Loss Efficiencies . . . . . 201 5.3.3 Timescales for Star Formation and Cloud Destruction . . . . . 206 5.3.4 Outflow Velocity . . . . . 209 5.4 Mass Loss Processes . . . . . 210 5.4.1 Mass Loss by Photoevaporation . . . . . 212 5.4.2 Momentum Injection . . . . . 219 5.5 Models for Cloud Dispersal and SFE . . . . . 226 5.5.1 Destruction by Photoevaporation . . . . . 226 5.5.2 Destruction by Dynamical Mass Ejection . . . . . 228 5.6 Summary and Discussion . . . . . 229 5.6.1 Summary . . . . . 230 5.6.2 Discussion . . . . . 233 5.A Resolution Study of the Fiducial Model . . . . . 238 5.B Net Star Formation Efficiency Regulated by Radiation-Pressure Feedback . . . . . 241 6 Summary and Outlook . . . . . 245 6.1 Summary . . . . . 245 6.2 Outlook . . . . . 248Docto

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    Reduction of Blast-Induced Vibration in Tunnelling Using Abrasive Water Jet Notch and Disc Cutting

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    ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐœํŒŒ ์ง„๋™์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ถ•์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœํŒŒ ์ง„๋™์˜ ์ €๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํŒŒ ์ง„๋™์€ ์ „ํŒŒ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ์•”์„ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ณฝ๊ณต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์•”๋ฐ˜์„ ์ ˆ์‚ญํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐœํŒŒ ์ง„๋™์ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊ณ„ํš๋ฉด์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ณฝ๊ณต์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์žฅ์•ฝ๊ณต์˜ ๊ณต์ €์— ๋””์Šคํฌ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์ ˆ์‚ญ๋ฉด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋…ธ์น˜ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•(abrasive water jet notch cutting method)์ด๋ผ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ›„์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋””์Šคํฌ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•(abrasive water jet disc cutting method)์ด๋ผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋””์Šคํฌ ์ ˆ์‚ญ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ • ํŽŒํ”„์••๋ ฅ, ์˜ค๋ฆฌํ”ผ์Šค ์ง๊ฒฝ, ๋…ธ์ฆ์ด์†ก์†๋„์™€ ๋…ธ์ฆํšŒ์ „์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ์น˜ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ฒœ ์„์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋…ธ์น˜ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ณต ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ง๊ฒฝ 80 mm, ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 260 mm์ธ ๋ผ์ธ๋“œ๋ฆด๋ง ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋””์Šคํฌ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์Šคํฌ ์ง๊ฒฝ 400 mm์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋””์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์€ ๋ฐœํŒŒ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ ์ฒด ๋™์—ญํ•™ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋…ธ์น˜ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์น˜ ์‹ฌ๋„, ๋…ธ์น˜ ํญ, ๋…ธ์น˜์™€ ๋ฐœํŒŒ๊ณต๊ณผ์˜ ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ๋…ธ์น˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋””์Šคํฌ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์Šคํฌ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋…ธ์น˜ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 41~61%์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ ์›Œํ„ฐ์ ฏ ๋””์Šคํฌ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 23~75%์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ง„๋™ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตด์ง„์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ ํ„ฐ๋„ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋“ฑ ๋ฐœํŒŒ ์ง„๋™์˜ ์ €๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.Blast-induced vibration needs to be reduced while excavating tunnels, if it has a negative effect on humans and livestock or if it reduces the stability of the surrounding structures. In addition, because blast-induced vibration by nature is transmitted in the excavation direction and in the direction perpendicular to it, both must be reduced. This study proposes two methods that can be applied to the reduction of vibration in the lateral direction and heading direction of tunnel excavation using the abrasive water jet rock cutting method, and investigates the effectiveness of the methods quantitatively through field experiments and numerical analysis. In order to reduce vibration in the tunnel excavation direction, the transmission of vibration in the tunnel excavation direction can be blocked by using abrasive water jet to form disc-shaped cutting surface at the hole bottom of charge holes excluding the contour holes. Also, to reduce vibration in the direction perpendicular to the excavation direction, the external transmission of blast vibration can be minimized by cutting the rock between the contour holes. In the present study, the former is referred to as the abrasive water jet notch cutting method while the latter is called the abrasive water jet disc cutting method. To analyze the effect of vibration reduction of the methods proposed, numerical analysis and field experiments were conducted, and the parameters were determined based on basic laboratory experiments. In addition, through laboratory experiments, the optimal pump pressure, orifice diameter, nozzle conveying speed, and nozzle rotation speed necessary for notch and disc cutting were presented, and notch cutting depth prediction equations regarding the equipment operation variables were proposed. The numerical analysis was conducted under ordinary ground conditions using fluid dynamics codes that can simulate the blasting process. As for the abrasive water jet notch cutting method, to analyze the vibration reduction effect, the vibration reduction effect was analyzed with the notch depth, notch width, separation distance between notches and blast holes, and notch length as the parameters. As for the abrasive water jet disc cutting method, the vibration reduction effect was analyzed with the disc diameter as the parameter to analyze the vibration reduction effect. In the numerical analysis of the abrasive water jet notch cutting method, the scope of the vibration reduction effect according to changes in the notch depth, notch width, separation distance between notches and blast holes, and notch length were verified. In the numerical analysis of the abrasive water jet disc cutting method, the scope of the vibration reduction effect in terms of the disc diameter was verified. To evaluate the field applicability of the methods proposed, field experiments were conducted on an actual scale at an exposed quarry site. Consequently, when the methods proposed are applied to tunnel sites, the vibration reduction effect analyzed in the minimal numerical analysis can be expected. Out of the vibration reduction methods proposed in the present study, the abrasive water jet notch cutting method can be expected to have a vibration reduction effect of 61-72%, and the abrasive water jet disc cutting method can be expected to have a vibration reduction effect of 25-75%. It is expected that these methods will be useful for adjusting the loudness of blast vibration in downtown tunnel excavation sections.Docto

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    Energy Efficient Epidemic Routing for Delay Tolerant Networks

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    Doctor์ตœ๊ทผ ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฌด์„  ์ด๋™ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋™ ์• ๋“œํ˜น ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ PDA, ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ๋ฌด์„  ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹  ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์• ๋“œํ˜น ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” AODV, DSR ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „์†กํ•  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ, ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ์—ผ(๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ)์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์€ ์ €์žฅ-์šด๋ฐ˜-์ „๋‹ฌ(store-carry-forwarding) ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„๊ต์  ์งง์€ ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ, ์ „์†ก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์›์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ž์›๊ฐ„์— ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์˜คํ”„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ธด ์ „์†ก๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋” ์งง์€ ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ž์› ์†Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ„์— ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์˜คํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์›๋“ค์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ์ „์†ก์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ฅ , ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ž์› ๋“ฑ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „์ˆ  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ํ–‰์„ฑ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๋ฌด์„  ์ด๋™ ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด ์ „์†ก ์ง€์—ฐ์„ ๊ฐ๋‚ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ง€๋ผ๋„, ์–ด๋–ค ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธธ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ž์› ์šด์˜๊ฐ„์— ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์˜คํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž์› ์†Œ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ „์†ก ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด, ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋‚ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•œ ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋“œ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ „์†ก ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๋ฐ Spraying & wait ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ฝ”ํ”„ ์ฒด์ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋…ธ๋“œ ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์†ก ์ง€์—ฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋…ธ๋“œ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ „์†ก ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์†ก์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ •์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ํ† ํฐ ์กฐํ™”(token balancing)๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ (n, R)-์—ํ”ผ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋…ธ๋“œ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „์†ก๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค
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