13 research outputs found

    ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์‘์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™ฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ์งˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2016. 8. ์ฐจ๊ตญํ—Œ.Understanding and developing a new sulfur chemistry give great opportunities for the synthesis of advanced functional materials, because of the strong relationship between sulfur and the environment on the Earth, as well as the economic demands to address surplus problem of sulfur from oil refinery industry. Although there are a number of superior functionalities with sulfur, such as high refractive index and electrochemical activity, its utilization and processing are challenging due to the poor physico-chemical properties resulted from its orthorhombic molecular crystalline nature. There have been several efforts to incorporate sulfur into amorphous polymeric materials, but simple preparation methods for high sulfur content polymers are still lacking. In this thesis, extremely simple chemistry to prepare high sulfur content copolymers is introduced, and various kinds of their applications, including IR optical devices and cathodes for Li-S batteries, are demonstrated with the significantly improved processibility and performances of the sulfur copolymers. Moreover, based on these sulfur copolymers, novel hybridization strategies are proposed for the enhanced functionalities, and finally, a couple of conformal coating methods are reported to stabilize the surface of sulfur copolymers when they are utilized in electrochemical electrodes. After a brief introduction on unique characteristics and challenging issues of sulfur, in chapter 1, the novel synthetic chemistry of sulfur copolymers, and their properties are discussed in chapter 2, followed by facile processing the polymers for the various applications. By the inverse vulcanization, high sulfur contents copolymers were synthesized, and their completely amorphous and viscous nature was analyzed. A melt process was conducted with these amorphous polymers using PDMS imprint nano pattering technique, and solution process was also possible due to the solubility of the copolymers at increased temperature. By using these processing methods, the sulfur copolymers were utilized in various applications, such as IR lens, transistors, photonic crystals, and Li-S batteries. Superior functionalities of the copolymers were attributed to the intrinsic properties of elemental sulfur. Hybridization of sulfur copolymers with functional nanomaterials were introduced in chapter 3, with a novel bi-functionality of oleylamine which is a comonomer for the sulfur copolymeric matrices. Because the double bond in the middle of oleylamine links to linear polysulfide, and amine functional group is attached the surface of inorganic nanoparticles, the nanocomposites with sulfur copolymers were prepared by adding inorganic salts into the copolymer mixture. The reaction mechanism facilitating simple one-pot synthesis of the sulfur copolymeric nanocomposites were revealed by various characterization tools. In chapter 4, the preparation of graphene sulfur copolymeric nanocomposites are exhibited based on similar dual reactivity of oleylamine. Especially, significant enhancement in battery performance was demonstrated with these nanocomposites due to the intense electrical contact facilitated by graphene within the copolymers. The surface modification of sulfur copolymers is discussed in chapter 5, more focused on the potential application in Li-S batteries. Because the interface interaction between sulfur cathode and electrolyte is a serious problem in Li-S batteries, direct deposition of protecting layers on sulfur cathode was demonstrated with drastically enhanced cycle performance of the polymer coated sulfur cathodes. Polymer conformal coating methods such as layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition on top of the sulfur cathode are introduced to further increase the capacity retention of Li-S batteries.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Utilization of sulfur as an alternative feedstock 1 1.2. Unique properties and application of sulfur 4 1.2.1 Optical and optoelectronic applications 4 1.2.2 Electrochemical applications 6 1.2.3 Other applications 8 1.3. Old chemistry for incorporation of sulfur into polymers 10 1.3.1 Homopolymerization of sulfur 10 1.3.2 Vulcanization of rubber 11 1.3.3 Copolymerization of sulfur with monomers 13 Chapter 2. Unique Properties & Applications of Sulfur Copolymers 15 2.1. Introduction 15 2.2. Experimental section 17 2.2.1 Synthesis of sulfur copolymers 17 2.2.2 Processing of sulfur copolymers 17 2.3. Results and discussions 20 2.3.1 Synthesis of sulfur copolymers 20 2.3.2 Unique properties of sulfur copolymers 26 2.3.3 Application of sulfur copolymers 36 2.4. Conclusions 44 Chapter 3. Incorporation of Sulfur Copolymers into Nanohybrid Materials 45 3.1. Introduction 45 3.2. Experimental section 49 3.2.1 Materials and Characterizations 49 3.2.2 Synthesis of Poly(OLA-r-S) 50 3.2.3 Synthesis of PbS/Poly(OLA-r-S) nanocomposites 51 3.3. Results and discussions 53 3.3.1 Synthesis of Poly(OLA-r-S) 53 3.3.2 Synthesis of PbS/Poly(OLA-r-S) nanocomposites 67 3.4. Conclusions 76 Chapter 4. Reduced Graphene Oxide / Sulfur Copolymer Nanocomposites for Li-S Batteries 77 4.1. Introduction 77 4.2. Experimental section 81 4.2.1 Materials 81 4.2.2 Synthesis of SDrGO nanocomposites 81 4.2.3 Electrochemical characterization of SDrGO nanocomposites 83 4.3. Results and discussions 85 4.3.1 Synthesis of SDrGO nanocomposites 85 4.3.2 Electrochemical Characterization of SDrGO nanocomposites 94 4.4. Conclusions 101 Chapter 5. Surface Coating Layers on Sulfur Copolymers 102 5.1. Introduction 102 5.2. Experimental section 107 5.2.1 Conformal coatings on sulfur cathodes 107 5.2.2 Characterizations 108 5.3. Results and discussions 109 5.3.1 Conformal coatings on sulfur cathodes 109 5.3.2 Electrochemical characterization 119 5.4. Conclusions 130 Bibliography 131 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 149Docto

    ์ธ๊ณต๋ง๋ง‰ ์ž๊ทน ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์šฉ ํด๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ „๊ทน ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis(doctors) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2009.8.Docto

    Study on Learning of The Homeless who participated in Non-formal Humanities Learning Program

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต), 2011.2. ๊ฐ•๋Œ€์ค‘.Maste

    ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ๊ฐ•๋Œ€์ค‘.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์€ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜(๊ฐ•๋Œ€์ค‘ ์™ธ, 2017)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐ์ง ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ทธ ์†์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉ์› ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๋œ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ƒํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ 2013๋…„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 20๋…„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ™œ๋™๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” 2017๋…„ 2์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2019๋…„ 10์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ ๊ทน์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ(Spradley, 1980)์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์€ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ-์‹คํ–‰-๋„์•ฝ-์ „ํ™˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์€ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง์›์กฐํ•ฉ์›๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ถ•์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ์กฐํ•ฉ์›๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•™๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜•์‹๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ฉ์›์„ ์ฆ๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜์กดํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์กฐ์ง๊ต์œก์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ „๋‹ด์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๊ต์œก์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉ์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜‘ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ›„์†๋ชจ์ž„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›๋“ค์€ ์ดํ›„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์— ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์•ฝ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์ด ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์†Œ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์กฐ์ง์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ง€์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—, ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•™์œ„๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ ์ทจ๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰์ •์ โ€ค์žฌ์ •์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์˜์›์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํš์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ์ถœ๋ฒ”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ2์ง„๋ฃŒ์†Œ ๊ฑด๋ฆฝ์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์› ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›๊ณผ ์ž„์›์ง„ ๋ฐ ์ง์›์กฐํ•ฉ์›, ๋Œ€์˜์› ๋ฐ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์กฐํ•ฉ์›, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐํ•ฉ์› ๋“ฑ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์˜์›๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์กฐํ•ฉ์›์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •๋œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์˜ ํ˜•์‹์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์œจ์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ์—…์†Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์šด์˜์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ์— ์ผ์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์€ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ƒ(ๆตฎไธŠ)ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น์ด ๋œ 2008๋…„์€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ๋˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์•ฝ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋Œ€์˜์› ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์ธ ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น์€ 2014๋…„์„ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ, ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฑฐ์ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์˜์›๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์กฐํ•ฉ์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌํ™”๊ณผ์ • ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ2์ง„๋ฃŒ์†Œ ๊ฑด๋ฆฝ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ, ํ˜„์žฅ์ฐธ์—ฌํ™œ๋™์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์™€ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•™๊ต์™€ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์กฐํ•ฉ์›์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•™๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์กฐํ•ฉ์›๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ธ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์„ ํ•™๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ํฌ์„ญํ•˜๊ณ . ์ด ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ ‘์†ํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์ฐธ์—ฌํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘ ์กฐํ•ฉ์› ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์กฐํ•ฉ์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์œ„์  ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ, ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žฅ์น˜๋ก ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ์˜ˆ์†ํ™”๋œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ์†์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žฌ๊ณ (ๅ†่€ƒ)ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์› ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง“๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐ์ง์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ด์ต์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์žฌ(ๅฏฆๅœจ)๋กœ์„œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐ์ง, ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์˜ˆ์†ํ™” ํ•™ ๋ฒˆ : 2012-30367This study is an exploratory study for analyzing group-level learning. The purpose of this study is to understand the growth and learning of Social Economy Organization using the concept of Learning Management Apparatus. The research questions are as follows; 1) what are the major learning activities that appear in the growth process of Social Economy Organization and the aspects of learning management accordingly? 2) what are the elements and characteristics of the Learning Management Apparatus that can be found through the case of Social Economy Organization? An example of this study is the Ansan Medical Welfare Social Cooperative(Ansan Med-Coop). The Ansan Med-Coop is a social cooperative formed to solve the issues of local community medical welfare by themselves. With a history of 20 years, Ansan Med-Coop also carries out various educational activities. The data were collected and analyzed through participatory observation and in-depth interviews from February 2017 to October 2019. The results of this study are as follows. The learning management process of Ansan Med-Coop can be explained in four steps: start-execution-leap-transition. In the starting stage, joint experiences were accumulated through voluntary learning activities of minority members and the operation of informal education programs for health prevention. In the execution stage, the Organizing Education Committee was formed to overcome the limitations that depended on the individual competency of the person in charge. The Organizing Education Committee managed the follow-up meetings while conducting education programs for cooperatives. In the leap stage, the Ansan Med-Coop implemented various strategies for subject-production. Core activists who will be in charge of the organizational project were identified, and a delegate system was introduced to expand the core activist group. In the transition stage, the Ansan Med-Coop diversified the base of subject-production while overcoming organizational crises and inner conflicts. From the process of building the 2nd branch Clinic, a new base for subject-production was considered and the voluntary small group activities were supported. In addition, the Ansan Med-Coop has been conducting various educational activities since 2000. In particular, learning activities were actively carried out in the face of business crisis and conflict within the union. This can be called the watershed of subject-production. The first watershed in 2008 was a period of extreme business crisis and the leap stage. The delegate system was started, and Learning Management Apparatus called School came to the fore. The second watershed was around 2014, when the fatigue of the organization's growth and internal conflicts intensified. This was the point at the transition stage, and the learning management base for subject-production was diversified. And a new subjectivity emerged as the Learning Management Apparatus called Voluntary small group was actively operated. The Learning Management Apparatus found in the Ansan Med-coop case consisted of space(classroom), contents(confession and empathy), and practice(field participation activities). In addition, new elements of Self-interest and Social purpose were added through concrete examples of Learning Management Apparatus such as School and Voluntary small group. In other words, the Ansan Med-coop was a place where Learning Management Apparatus co-evolved with each other. This co-evolution can be understood in two dimensions. First, it means a change of the Learning Management Apparatus itself through the relationship between the components, and second, it means a change in the relationship between the Learning Management Apparatus represented by School and Voluntary small group. The Ansan Med-coop embraces the various self-interests of members with a Learning Management Apparatus called School. Members who have access to this Learning Management Apparatus reinforce their identity as members of the Medical Cooperative by sharing experiences of fulfilling social purposes. The significance of this study is as follows. First, this study focused on a new concept of Learning Management Apparatus as an intermediate concept that connects macro-discourse and micro-perspective. The Learning Management Apparatus is a concept that mediates individuals and society or individual learner and groups, and is an analysis unit to understand group-level learning. Second, the theoretical discussion of dispositif theory was re-evaluated by confirming the function of the Learning Management Apparatus through specific cases. Since the Learning Management Apparatus changes constantly under the influence of the participant's will and the individual level of learning management, it is requested to reconsider the essential properties of the device that produces a subordinated subject. Third, it is meaningful in that it explained the growth and educational activities of the Social Economy Organization from the perspective of learning management. Social co-operatives encompass the self-interest of members and the social purpose of the union. It has been shown that the collective learning linking the two is the driving force for the growth of social economic organizations. In particular, this study is significant in that it presents an example of Learning Management Apparatus in which the various values and interests of the members changed as a reality in which conflict and adjustment are made. keywords : Learning Management Apparatus, Social Economy Organization, Self-production, Medical Welfare Social Cooperative Student Number : 2012-30367์ œ 1 ์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹ 1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  9 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ํ•™์Šต 9 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ 10 2. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ 22 3. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•™์Šต 37 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ก  46 1. ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 46 2. ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์†์„ฑ 48 3. ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 54 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 60 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 60 1. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 60 2. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์„ ์ • 62 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์†Œ๊ฐœ 63 1. ์„ค๋ฆฝ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š”ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 63 2. ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์šด์˜์˜ ํŠน์ง• 66 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 70 1. ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ 70 2. ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด 74 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋‹จ์œ„ 76 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ • 81 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ: ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™ 86 1. ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณต๋™ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ถ•์  86 2. ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•™๊ต์™€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์› ์ฆ๋ชจ 89 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰: ๊ต์œก์ „๋‹ด์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 94 1. ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ์˜์กด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก 94 2. ์กฐ์ง๊ต์œก์œ„์›ํšŒ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ 95 3. ์ƒํ˜‘ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ต์œก ํ›„์†๋ชจ์ž„ 99 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์•ฝ: ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ 102 1. ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ตด๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์ง€์› 102 2. ๋Œ€์˜์›์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž… 109 3. ๊ธฐํš์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„ ์ถœ๋ฒ” 112 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜: ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™” 116 1. ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์  ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ 116 2. ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ์ , ์ œ2์ง„๋ฃŒ์†Œ 123 3. ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” 128 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜: ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 136 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 138 1. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ: ๊ต์‹ค 139 2. ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ: ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ 145 3. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ: ํ˜„์žฅ์ฐธ์—ฌํ™œ๋™ 151 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 158 1. ์˜ˆ์†ํ™”๋œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ 159 2. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ 167 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  174 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ 174 1. ์กฐํ•ฉ์› ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์™€ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ 176 2. ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ํ˜•์‹์„ฑ 182 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํ˜‘์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜ 188 1. ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋„์•ฝ 188 2. ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”(ๅ…ฑ้€ฒๅŒ–)์˜ ์žฅ(ๅ ด)์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•™์Šต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜ 196 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 202 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 207 ๋ถ€๋ก 217 Abstract 220Docto

    Modeling between dopamine receptor occupancy and brain metabolic change induced by aripiprazole

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์ž„์ƒ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2011.8. ๊ถŒ์ค€์ˆ˜.Docto

    Effect of oxygen plasma treatment and grid design between polyimide layers for longterm implantation

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    Two years of polyimide based electrode structure implantation into the rabbit eye showed spatial features of local swellings and peeling off nearby electrode sites. In case of swelling and peeling off, it causes serious gradual deteoriation of polyimide structure and result in functional failure for electrode. We suggest a reinforced structure with chemical, mechanical oxygen plasma treatment and geometrical grid design to prevent from swelling or peeling off of polyimide layer. To show the effect of these structural modification, we introduced a reliability test method of layer adhesion, blister test. Designed samples were soaked into phosphate buffered saline(PBS) for accelerated aging study. In this study, such a reinforcement showed an effectiveness of water absorption barrier and longer preservation of structure compared to a non-treated structure.This study was supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF) through Nano Bioelectronics and Systems Research Center(NBS-ERC) in Seoul National University, and by a grant of the Korea ealth 21 R&D Project (A050251), Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea

    3-D pillar structured retinal electrode array of local point-of-stimulation technology for emerging higher resolution information transmission

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    This study was supporte by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through Nano Bioelectronics and Systems Research Center (NBS-ERC) in Seoul National University, and by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&D Project (A050251), Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea

    Application of the Blister Test to Assess Reliability of Polymide Based Microelectrode Arrays

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    This study was supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through Nano Bioelectronics and Systems Research Center (NBS-ERC) in Seoul National University, and by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&D Project (A050251),Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea

    Comparative Study on Educational Activities of NGOs for Homeless Support in Korea and Japan

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝยท์žํ™œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ ์ง€์› ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ต์œก์ง€์›ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตยท์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ ์ง€์› ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ง€์›ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ํ›„ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ง€์›ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ ์ง€์› ๋‹จ์ฒด ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ง€์›ํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๊ด€๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก์ง€์›ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ง€์› ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์žํ™œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์˜ ์ž์กด๊ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์žํ™œ์˜์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐํšŒ ์ œ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ยท๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์ง€์›์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ํž˜์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝยท์žํ™œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถค์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ง€์›์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž ์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ ์ง€์› ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ง€์›ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. This study aimed to compare educational activities of NGOs for homeless support in Korea and Japan. We selected Korea and Japan's representative NGOs, and and found some characteristic features of educational activities between the two countries. First of all, both NGOs commonly developed educational activities for the homeless with the help from the other organizations that were not directly related to the homeless. focuses on education program for the homeless, whereas emphasizes training program for the NGO staffs. The differences were originated from the two countries social security system for the homeless. Korea's social security system is relatively weak; therefore, Korean NGO came to empower the homeless through the long-term educational programs for recovering self-esteem and building support system gradually. In contrast, Japanese NGO basically works on the basis of relatively firm social security system. It is important in Japan to train NGO staffs so that they can effectively help the homeless with the social security system. This is why Japan introduced qualification system for NGO staffs that Korea does not have yet. Educational activities of the two countries NGOs can inform with each other what they need to develop their practices.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์•„์‹œ์•„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ 2010๋…„๋„ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Œ

    The Possibility of Non-formal Humanities Education Program to help the Homeless support themselves

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    ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก์˜ ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ต์–‘๊ต์œก์€ ์‘๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ์™€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์  ์ง€์›๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ž์กด๊ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์žฌ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ต์–‘๊ต์œก์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•œ์„ฑ๊ณตํšŒ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ๋‹ค์‹œ์„œ๊ธฐ์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์„ ์„ฑ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„'์— ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฒช๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ํ† ๋ก , ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์• ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์‹ค์กด์  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.Disconnected from the previous life, homeless people seem to live only for survival. Especially, because the homeless are disadvantaged groups, they are socially excluded from educational programs that provide chances to change their lives. In this sense, it is important for them to participate in the non-formal humanities education program aiming to empower them so as to stand by themselves. This study examined a Korean Clement course for the homeless in terms of its program content and principles of management. The participating homeless people learned how to practice self-respect and self-reflection. The educational intervention is different from providing food and shelter. Educational intervention assumes the homeless as active learners. As successful cases through participation in the humanities education program are reported continuously, it proves that learning experiences through educational program can give adult homeless learners a transformative opportunity for life. We should provide the homeless with various educational programs that aim to recover human dignity and find a better way of life.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000009781/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000009781ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A077772DEPT_CD:701CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ๋‚ด์—ญ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.DEPT_NM:๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผEMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:
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