An Analysis of Nuclear Manpower Supply and Demand in Korea

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 행정대학원 : 공기업0정책학과, 2014. 8. 구민교.우리나라의 원자력산업은 1978년 고리원자력발전소의 첫 가동 이후, 값싸고 안정 적인 전력 공급원인 동시에 화석에너지의 고갈문제와 환경 문제에 대한 실질적이고 핵심적인 해결방안으로 국가경제발전의 견인차 역할을 다하여 왔다. 또한, UAE원전 수출 달성 등을 통해 새로운 성장 동력으로서 그 중요성이 다시 한번 강조되고 있다. 이러한 원자력 산업의 국내외적 양적 확대를 뒷받침하고 산업의 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 산업 인프라의 확충이 무엇보다 중요하며, 특히 원자력 산업 전문 인력 확보가 가장 필수적인 요소라 할 수 있다. 그러나 원자력산업의 공공적 특성으로 인한 원자력 전문인력에 대한 정원 통제, 관련 통계자료 부족 등의 현실적인 한계로 인해 해당 분야 연구가 부진한 상황이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 국내 원자력산업 대표기업인 한국수력원자력(주)(이하 한수원)를 사례로 인력수요를 정량적으로 예측해보고, 효율적인 인력수급을 위한 방안을 도출하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 인력수요 예측을 위해 한수원의 사업 분야별 인력구조 변화 추이 분석 및 진단을 통해 인력수요상의 특성을 분석하였으며, 사업특성별 방법론을 적용하여 현재의 전력수급 전망계획 및 해외사업 추진을 반영한 인력수요 기준안 예측을 시행하였다. 또한 향후 원전사업관련 핵심이슈를 변화 동인으로 반영한 시나리오 플래닝 분석을 통해 5개 시나리오별 중장기 인력수요를 예측해 보고, 원전 선진국가나 국제기구의 원자력 전문인력 양성정책 연구를 통해 원자력 인력수급 및 양성을위한 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 현재의 전력수급 전망 및 지속적인 해외사업 추진을 반영한 기준안과 해외사업 추가 수주 등 긍정적 변화요인을 반영한 시나리오의 경우 2026년까지 현재 한수원 원자력 전문 인력 대비 약 55%이상 증가한 13,000여명의 인력이 필요할 것으로 전망되었고, 원전건설 지연, 원전 계속운전 전면 중단 등의 부정적인 시나리오의 경우에도 최소 12,000명의 원자력 전문 인력 소요가 발생할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 국내 원자력 전문 인력 적기 수급과 양성을 위해서는, 첫째, 원자력 전문인력 공급기반 확충이 선행되어 한다. 현재의 대학 전공 중심의 양적 인력양성에서 탈피하여 산업계의 수요가 실질적으로 반영될 수 있는 인력양성 프로그램으로의 개편 및 기업맞춤형 엔지니어 양성이 필요하다. 둘째, 기성 인력의 실무능력 강화 및 일자리 안정화가 필요하다. 우수인력을 양성하여 원자력산업으로 유입시키는 것도 중요한 일이나 현재 원자력산업계에 종사하는 전문 인력에 대한 재교육을 강화하고, 인력유출을 최소화하는 정책도 중요하다. 셋째, 원자력 중장기 인력수급 전망과 계획이 선행되어야 한다. 국내 원전 건설 및 운영 확대, 해외 수출 및 수출 확대 가능성 등에 따라 인력수요가 급증하고 있다. 이에 분야별 인력의 기술수준, 투입시점, 시간지연 요소 등을 고려하여 인력수요 피크를 최소화 할 수 있는 체계적이고 세부적인 인력수급 계획 및 운영전략이 마련되어야 한다. 넷째, 원자력 공기업 인력수급 방식 개선이 선행되어야 한다. 원자력산업 관련기관은 대표적 공공부문으로 분류, 운영되어 공공부문에 적용되는 예산정원 가이드라인에 맞추어 단기적이고 근시안적인 인력정책이 진행되어 왔다. 이에, 원자력부문의 정원 및 채용 확대와 더불어 정원운영에 대한 유연성을 강화되어야 한다. 특히 원전 수출과 R&D인력은 선채용 후정원에 반영하는 등 원자력 공기업 정원에 대한 정부차원의 대책이 종합적으로 마련되어야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 우리나라도 미국, 일본 등 원자력 선진국과 마찬가지로 원자력산업 인력의 노령화가 심화되고 있어 신규 인력 공급 강화와 더불어 퇴직인력에 대한 활용체계도 강화되어야 한다. 퇴직인력 Pool 관리시스템을 구축하고, 퇴직 전문인력을 자문이나 교육요원으로 적극 활용하여 그들이 가진 과거의 경험과 지식 등이 활용 될 수 있는 시스템이 구축되어야 할 것이다.제 1 장 서 론 ························································································1 제 1 절 연구의 목적과 필요성 ···············································································1 제 2 절 연구의 대상과 방법 ···················································································3 1. 연구의 대상과 범위 ·······································································································3 2. 논문의 구성 ·····················································································································3 3. 연구의 방법 ·····················································································································4 제 2 장 선행연구 검토 및 연구설계 ···················································5 제 1 절 인력수요예측에 대한 이론적 논의 ·························································5 1. 질적·판단적 방법 ·········································································································5 2. 추세분석 방법 ·················································································································6 3. 시뮬레이션 방법 ·············································································································7 4. 시나리오 플래닝 ·············································································································8 제 2 절 선행연구 검토 ·····························································································9 1. 타산업분야 인력수요예측에 관한 연구 ·····································································9 2. 원자력산업분야 인력수요예측에 관한 연구 ···························································11 3. 선행연구의 비판적 검토 ·····························································································15 제 3 절 연구설계 ·····································································································15 1. 연구분석틀 ·····················································································································15 2. 연구모형 및 분석방법 ·································································································17 제 3 장 인력구조 변화추이 분석 및 진단 ·······································22 제 1 절 한수원 경영환경 분석 ·············································································22 1. 대외환경 분석 ···············································································································22 2. 대내환경 분석 ···············································································································24 3. 인력변화 추이분석 ·······································································································26 제 2 절 사업분야별 인력구조변화 추이 분석 및 진단 ···································28 1. 사업분야 분류기준 ·······································································································28 2. 사업분야별 인력변화 추이 ·························································································29 3. 사업분야별 인력분석 종합 ·························································································31 제 4 장 시나리오별 인력수요 예측 ···················································32 제 1 절 시나리오 분석을 위한 기본 인력수요 예측 ·······································32 1. 인력수요 산정방향 및 체계 ·······················································································32 2. 국내사업 인력수요 산정 ·····························································································33 3. 해외사업 인력수요 산정 ·····························································································37 4. 인력수요 전망 종합(기준안) ·······················································································47 제 2 절 시나리오별 인력수요 예측 ·····································································50 1. 시나리오 분석을 위한 사업형태별 인력수요 모델 ···············································50 2. 원전사업 시나리오별 인력수요 예측 ·······································································56 3. 시나리오별 인력수요 예측 종합 ···············································································68 제 5 장 원자력 인력정책 분석 및 대처방안 ···································72 제 1 절 원자력 인력수요정책의 문제 ·································································72 제 2 절 해외 원자력인력수요 정책 ·····································································73 1. 국제기구 ·························································································································73 2. 미국 ·································································································································74 3. 일본 ·································································································································79 4. 유럽 ·································································································································81 제 3 절 국내 원자력인력 적기 수급을 위한 대처방안 ·····································85 1. 원자력 전문인력 공급기반 확충 ···············································································85 2. 교육인프라 공동 활용 및 산업형 신규인력 양성 ·················································86 3. 기성인력 실무능력 강화 및 일자리 안정화 ···························································87 4. 원자력 공기업 인력수급 방식 개선 ·········································································88 5. 원자력 중장기 인력수급 계획 수립 ·········································································89 6. 글로벌 전문인력 양성 및 협력체계 강화 ·······························································90 7. 퇴직인력의 활용 ···········································································································92 제 4 절 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구과제 ·······························································93Maste

Sequestosomes : a cellular response to the reduction of proteasome activity

임상병리학과/박사[한글] P62는 신호전달체계에 관련된 PKC zeta, RIP, TRAF-6등과 같은 다양한 세포내물질들과 결합하는 단백질이며 세포외에서 전달되는 다양한 신호에 의해 유전자가 활성화되어 그 단백질이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 p62는 프로테아좀(proteasome)활성도를 저 해하면 세포내에 inclusion구조를 형성하는데 최근에는 간암에서 발견되는 hyaline body의 주된 구성성분으로 보고되었다. 이번 연구의 목적은 p62가 세포내 inclusion(시퀘스토좀으로 명명함)을 형성하는 기전을 연구함으로써 각종 질병에서 보고되고 있는 다양한 inclusion의 형성기전과 병리학적 의의를 간접적으로 이해하고자 하였다. 프로테아좀 활성도 저하시 (1) p62 단백질이 핵주변부위에 시퀘스토좀(sequestosome)을 형성하며 (2) p62 유전자가 활성화되어 그 단백질량이 증가하고 또한 (3) 시퀘스토좀형성시 microtubule과 actin filament가 관여한다. 프로테아좀 활성도 저하시 p62 유전자가 활성화되어 그 단백질양이 증가하고 이것이 세포질내에 작은 시퀘스토좀을 형성한 후 microtubule을 따라 핵주변부위로 이동해 하나의 큰 시퀘스토좀을 형성한다.또한 PKC zeta가 p62단백질에 의한 시퀘스토좀 형성에 중요한 조절인자인 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 시퀘스토좀 형성기전을 병리학적 inclusion 형성기전과 비교 이해하기위해 30명의 간암환자 조직에서 p62 단백질 양을 확인하였다. 대부분의 간암조직에서 p62 단백질의 증가를 확인하였으며 그 RNA transcripts의 증가도 확인하였다. 또한 hyaline body 형성과 간암발달에 p62 단백질의 증가가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추측되어진다. 또한 프로테아좀 활성도 회복시에 시퀘스토좀에 있던 p62 단백질이 세포질로 다시 방출된다는 사실과 p62 단백질이외에 NF-k B활성신호전달체계에 관계된 RIP, NF-k B, PKC lambda도 프로테아좀 활성도 저하시 시퀘스토좀 형성이 유도되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 시퀘스토좀 형성 및 제거는 세포활동에 필수적인 중요한 기전의 하나인 것으로 사료되며 이러한 시퀘스토좀 형성기전의 이상이 간암에서 발견되는 hyaline body와 같은 inclusion 구조가 형성되는데에 관련되어 있는 것으로 추정된다. [영문] P62 binds to multiubiquitin chain and to a few signaling molecules such as PKC zeta, RIP and TRAF-6, and is thought to aid the signal transduction for the NF-kB activation induced by TNF alpha, IL-l, NGF. Recent studies also show that the p62 gene can be activated by various extracellular signals or oxidative stress and its gene product constitutes the major component of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Interestingly, upon inhibition of proteasomal activity, p62 is recruited to form a cytoplasmic inclusion (termed the 'sequestosome') at the perinuclear region. As p62 binds to multiubiquitin chains and forms intracytoplasmic inclusion structure (sequestosome), it is possible that pathological progress of the sequestosome structure might account for the formation of ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic inclusions found in a number of diseases. In the present study, (1) we have examined the mechanism involved in the formation of the p62-inclusion structure. Results show that reduced proteasomal activity induces the formation of the p62-sequestosome, increase of p62 level in the detergent-insoluble fraction without noticeable changes in the soluble fraction, the activation of the p62 gene, and that the formation of the p62-sequestosome requires intact micro tubules and actin fIlaments. These results strongly suggest the presence of certain capacity for the cell to keep p62 in soluble state. Beyond this capacity, p62 molecules are sequestered from the cytosol by forming small sequestosomal structures. Then the small sequestosomes migrate to and accumulate at the centrosomal area using microtubules. Interestingly, the increased PKC zeta level suppresses the p62-sequestosome formation, thus indicating that availability of PKC zeta for heterodimerization with p62 determines the sequestosome formation. But, in primary human diploid fibroblast, only small sequestosomes are formed by proteasomal inhibition. Next, (2) we demonstrated that the induction of p62 expression was increased in hepatocellular carcinoma and the level of p62 elevation correlated to the presence of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies.These results suggest that induction of p62 expression is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and the formation of hyaline bodies and that p62 can be used as a useful tumor marker for diagnosis of hepatoma. Strikingly, (3) we found that p62 molecules was released from the sequestosomal structure into the cytosol by recovering proteasomal activity and also we examined that RIP, NF-kB and PKC lambda were recruited into the sequestosomal structure by inhibition of proteasomal activity. In conclusion, these results lead us to propose that the formation and release of sequestosome may be a general mechanism for cellular activities and disorder of this mechanism may cause the formation of inclusion structures found in a number of diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma and neurodegenerative diseases.ope

Study on Critical Size of 0-dimensional Ferroelectric Nanostructure

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Study on Wind Tunnel Test and 3 Dimensional Numerical Analysis of EARDO Ocean Research Station

OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2002-01/102/0000004648/43SEQ:43PERF_CD:SNU2002-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004648ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A001138DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:이어도_종합해양과학기지_풍동실험_및_3차원_수치해석에_관한_연구.pdfDEPT_NM:기계항공공학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Preparation of Ferroelectric Nanoisland Array Using Block Copolymer Self-Assembly

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Exploring Local Electroresistive Switching by Mechanical Stimuli in Complex Oxides

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High density Arrangement of BiFeO3 nanoislands in Large Area: Multiferroics at room

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High density Array of BiFeO3 nanoislands in Large Area:

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Ferroelectric Nanoislands Array Fabricated by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly

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Fabrication of )-dimensional ferroelectric nanostructure and investigation on its critical size

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