27 research outputs found

    TESL Teachers training programs in Canada

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    Although Canada is a multi-cultural society with two official languages English and French - learning to read, write and speak in English is an absolute necessity for new immigrants. most regular schools (elementary, middle, and secondary) provide new students, for whom the mother tongue is not English, with 'ESL classes' where the students learn the language with help of specialized teachers. These students remain in ESL programs until they have obtained the level of proficiency required for studying all school subjects in regular classes. In addition to these ESL classes provided by the public school system, other ESL programs are made available by different bodies to meet special needs: A) ESL programs for new immigrants. These programs are provided by the ministries of immigration and employment. B) ESL programs for other adult learners who are not necessarily 'new' immigrants, but who wan improve their general English skills or any particular aspect of language use, such as conversational, writing, or comprehension skills. C) ESL programs in university environments are usually structured as course offerings within the school of continuing education. These are especially attractive for students who want to advance to degree programs at a university level. D) ESL programs given by private language institutes. These programs are for the students who want to learn English in more intensive courses and smaller classes. The qualifications of ESL tearers vary with the host institution in which they work To teach ESL classes within the public school system, first of all, one must have a regular teaching certificate. Applicants must furthermore take a series of designated courses in order to satisfy the requirements for receiving official certification as an ESL teacher. In addition to ESL teachers in regular school system, some aspire to work in other types of environments. For these teachers, ESL certificate courses are offered by some universities, community colleges and private academies. However, as these courses vary in terms of the content and the length of training hours, the TESL Association evaluates these ESL teacher training programs. The association issues ESL certificates only to students of training programs that meet set quality standards. As a result, in situations where ESL classes are of all different types, the schools tend to hire those who have obtained certification through the TESL association. The curricula of ESL teacher training programs are vary, however, they generally consist of some theory courses and observation and practicurn Theory courses are focused on linguistics, theories and methodology of second language teaching and learning, pedagogical grammar, and social and psychological issues in teaching a second language

    Exploiting attribute-wise distribution of keywords and category dependent attributes for e-catalog classification

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ „κΈ°. 컴퓨터곡학뢀,2007.Maste

    A Study of the Effect of Korean Organizational Culture on Generational Conflicts in the Fire Service Agency

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ†Œλ°©κ³΅λ¬΄μ› 490λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 섀문쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ—¬, ν•œκ΅­μ  쑰직문화가 쑰직 λ‚΄ μ„ΈλŒ€ κ°„ κ°ˆλ“±μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€μ˜ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²€μ¦ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ†Œλ°©κ³΅λ¬΄μ›λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 심측인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 양적쑰사 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν™•μΈΒ·λ³΄μ™„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 싀증뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, ν•œκ΅­μ  ν–‰μ •λ¬Έν™” μš”μΈμ˜ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜μ™€ μ˜¨μ •μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ„ΈλŒ€ κ°„ κ°ˆλ“±μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , μ—°κ³ μ£Όμ˜λŠ” μ„ΈλŒ€ κ°„ κ°ˆλ“±μ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ‹¬μΈ΅μΈν„°λ·°μ—μ„œλ„ μ„ΈλŒ€ κ°„μ˜ 인식 차이와 μƒν˜Έ κ°„μ˜ μ†Œν†΅ λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ κ°ˆλ“±μ„ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 뢄석결과λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 경직된 κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜μ  λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ™„ν™”, μ˜¨μ •μ£Όμ˜μ  λ¬Έν™”μ˜ νƒ€νŒŒ, 비곡식 쑰직의 ν™œμ„±ν™”, μ„œλ‘œ 이해할 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ˜ μ‘°μ„± 등을 쑰직 λ‚΄ μ„ΈλŒ€ κ°„ κ°ˆλ“± 저감을 μœ„ν•œ 정책적 μ‹œμ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.This study conducted a survey of 490 fire officers and empirically verified whether Korean organizational culture exerts an influence on conflict between generations in public organizations. The results of the survey are also confirmed and complemented through in-depth interviews with fire fighters. The results of the empirical analysis reflect that two major factors of Korean administrative culture, authoritarianism and paternalism, increased conflict between generations whereas nepotism helped reduce conflict between generations. Conflict derived from perception gap and lack of communication between generations are confirmed through in-depth interview. Policy implications were drawn based on the analysis of the results, including alleviation of rigid authoritarian culture, abolition of paternalistic culture, initiating unofficial organizations, and development of an environment that promotes mutual understanding in order to reduce conflict between generations in public organizations

    (The) study of abortion law at legislative point of view

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    λ³΄κ±΄μ˜λ£Œλ²•μœ€λ¦¬ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€]λ‚™νƒœλŠ” 인λ₯˜κ°€ μƒμ„±λ˜κ³  λ°œμ „ν•΄ μ˜€λ©΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λ“€ 곁에 늘 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ‹€. ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 문화적, μ‚¬νšŒμ , 경제적 λ°°κ²½κ³Ό μƒν™©μ†μ—μ„œ λ‚™νƒœ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μž„λΆ€μ™€ νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒκ³Ό ν–‰λ³΅κΆŒ 및 자기 κ²°μ •κΆŒ 좔ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬νšŒ 곡둠화 과정을 거쳐 λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒλ¬Έμ œλ‘œ 인식을 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜κ³  문제의 μ œκΈ°μ™€ κ·Έ 해결점을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 인ꡬ정책적 관점을 ν†΅ν•œ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •μ±…κ²°μ •κ³Ό 노동생산성 μ¦λŒ€ 및 κ²½μ œλ°œμ „ 논리 μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ 인ꡬ의 증감을 가지고 μΈκ°„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒ 쑴엄사상을 λ°°μ œν•œ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ λ‚™νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  애써 λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ λ‚™νƒœ κ΄€λ ¨κ·œμ •μ€ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈˆμ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν˜•λ²•μƒ λ‚™νƒœμ£„μ™€ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜ˆμ™Έμ μΈ ν—ˆμš©μ‚¬μœ λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μžλ³΄κ±΄λ²•μƒ μž„μ‹ μ€‘μ ˆμˆ˜μˆ μ˜ ν—ˆμš©ν•œκ³„μ— κ΄€ν•œ 쑰항이 μžˆλ‹€.ν˜•λ²•μ—μ„œ κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‚™νƒœμ£„μ˜ κ΅¬μ„±μš”κ±΄μ€ μžκΈ°λ‚™νƒœμ£„, λ™μ˜λ‚™νƒœμ£„, μ—…λ¬΄μƒλ‚™νƒœμ£„, λΆ€λ™μ˜ λ‚™νƒœμ£„μ΄λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λͺ¨μžλ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ€ μΌμ •ν•œ μš”κ±΄μ„ κ°–μΆ˜ 경우 즉, μž„λΆ€ λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ λ°°μš°μžκ°€ μš°μƒν•™μ  λ˜λŠ” μœ μ „ν•™μ  μ •μ‹ μž₯μ• λ‚˜ μ‹ μ²΄μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우, μž„λΆ€ λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ λ°°μš°μžκ°€ μ „μ—Όμ„± μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우, κ°•κ°„ λ˜λŠ” 쀀강간에 μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μž„μ‹ λœ 경우, 법λ₯ μƒ ν˜ΌμΈν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 혈쑱 λ˜λŠ” 인척간에 μž„μ‹ λœ 경우, μž„μ‹ μ˜ 지속이 λ³΄κ±΄μ˜ν•™μ  이유둜 λͺ¨μ²΄μ˜ 건강을 μ‹¬νžˆ ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ ν•΄ν•  μš°λ €κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ— λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμ™Έμ μœΌλ‘œ ν—ˆμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. εŒζ³•μ€ ε‰θΏ°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ˜ 닀섯가지 ν—ˆμš©μ‚¬μœ λ‘œ ν˜•λ²•μƒ λ‚™νƒœμ£„μ˜ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ„λ²•μ„±μ„ μ‘°κ°ν•˜λ©° μš°μƒν•™μ  μ μ‘μ‚¬μœ , 윀리적 μ μ‘μ‚¬μœ , μ˜ν•™μ  μ μ‘μ‚¬μœ λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ¨μžλ³΄κ±΄λ²•μƒμ˜ λ‚™νƒœ ν—ˆμš©μ‚¬μœ κ°€ μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ μ—„κ²©ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„μ‹€κ³Ό μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ 괴리(δΉ–ι›’)κ°€ μžˆμ–΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„κ°€ λΆˆλ²•μ˜μ—­μ†μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이 사싀이닀.λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ²˜λ²Œκ·œμ •μ€ 세계 λ‹€λ₯Έλ‚˜λΌμ— λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ‚˜ μ²˜λ²Œλ°›λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚™νƒœλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ„œμ΄κ±°λ‚˜ λ‚™νƒœλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨μžλ³΄κ±΄λ²•μƒμ˜ λ‚™νƒœ ν—ˆμš©μ‚¬μœ μ— λͺ¨λ‘ μ†ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έλ§Œμ€ μ•„λ‹Œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€. λ‚™νƒœλ₯Ό ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μœ„λ²•μ˜μ‹μ„ 가지지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  정뢀도 μœ„λ²•ν•œ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ²˜λ²Œμ˜μ§€λ„ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λΆˆλ²•λ‚™νƒœ ν–‰μœ„λ‘œ μ²˜λ²Œλ°›λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ·Ήμ†Œμˆ˜μ— λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀.μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ •λΆ€μ˜ λΆˆλ²•λ‚™νƒœ μ²˜λ²Œμ˜μ§€ 결여와 우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ„λ²•μ˜μ‹ κ²°μ—¬λ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ λ‚™νƒœμœ¨μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έλ‚˜λΌμ— λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ†’λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 결과둜 λ‚™νƒœμ£„ κ·œμ •μ€ 사문화 λ˜μ–΄ 법이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ—¬λ„ λ²•μ˜ 쑴재 μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό μ˜μ‹ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μœ„λ²•μ˜μ‹ 없이 암암리에 λΆˆλ²•λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„κ°€ μ„±ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ λ‚™νƒœμ£„ 쑴폐 λ¬Έμ œκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€λ‘λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이 사싀이닀.κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, μ‚¬λ¬Έν™”λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” λ‚™νƒœμ£„ κ·œμ •μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ 인λͺ…κ²½μ‹œ ν˜„μƒμ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ λ‚™νƒœμœ¨μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ •μ„ νμ§€ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ˜³μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 일이닀. μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‹œμ΄ˆμΈ νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…을 κ²½μ‹œν•˜κ³  생λͺ…κΆŒμ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‘΄μ—„μ„±κ³Ό μΈκ°„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒλ„ μ‘΄μ€‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ •μ€ νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒ 즉 μΈκ°„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒμ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ²•κ·œμ •μ΄λ‹€. λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ λ‹€μˆ˜ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€ ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚™νƒœ ν†΅κ³„μ˜ 닀과에 따라 λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ • 쑴폐λ₯Ό λ…Όν•˜λŠ” 것은 과함이 없지 μ•Šλ‹€.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ™Έκ΅­μ˜ λ‚™νƒœκ΄€λ ¨κ·œμ •μ„ μž…λ²•ν˜•μ‹μ— λ”°λ₯Έ λΆ„λ₯˜ 방식 즉 ν˜•λ²•μ— λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ •μ„ λ‘” μž…λ²•λ‘€, ν˜•λ²•κ³Ό νŠΉλ³„λ²•μ— λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ •μ„ λ‘” μž…λ²•λ‘€, λ‚™νƒœμ— κ΄€ν•œ νŠΉλ³„λ²•μ„ λ‘” μž…λ²•λ‘€λ₯Ό 가진 κ΅­κ°€λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ œλ²•μ˜ μœ ν˜•(λͺ¨λΈ) λΆ„λ₯˜ 즉 적응λͺ¨λΈ, κΈ°ν•œλͺ¨λΈ, 상담λͺ¨λΈλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ— λ§žλŠ” μž…λ²•ν˜•μ‹κ³Ό μž…λ²•λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ„ νƒν•˜μ—¬ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ λ‚™νƒœκ΄€λ ¨κ·œμ •μ— μžˆμ–΄ ν—ˆμš©κ·œμ •κ³Ό μ ˆμ°¨κ·œμ •μ΄ μ „ν˜€ ν•„μš”μΉ˜ μ•Šκ³  λ‚™νƒœμ£„μ— λŒ€ν•œ κΈˆμ§€κ·œμ •λ§Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ ν˜•λ²•μ „μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이 큰 λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ” 아닐것이닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, ν˜•λ²•μƒμ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒμ„ μΉ¨ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” λ²”μ£„μ˜ μœ ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒ 보호λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ‚™νƒœμ²˜λ²Œκ·œμ •μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ , κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•˜λ©° λΆ€λ“μ΄ν•œ μƒν™©μ˜ μΌμ •ν•œ μ‚¬μœ κ°€ μžˆμ„μ‹œμ—λŠ” λ‚™νƒœλ₯Ό ν—ˆμš©ν•˜λŠ” ν—ˆμš©κ·œμ •κ³Ό κ·Έ μ ˆμ°¨κ·œμ •λ„ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œμ μ—μ„œ λ³Όλ•Œ, λ‚™νƒœμ— κ΄€ν•œ ν—ˆμš©κ·œμ •κ³Ό κ·Έ μ ˆμ°¨κ·œμ •μ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” νŠΉλ³„λ²•μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. μΈκ°„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒλ³΄ν˜Έμ™€ 생λͺ…κΆŒ 침해에 λŒ€ν•œ μ²˜λ²Œκ·œμ •μ„ λ‹€λ£¬λ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ •μ„ ν˜•λ²•μ „μ— μ‘΄μΉ˜ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ ν—ˆμš©κ·œμ •κ³Ό μ ˆμ°¨κ·œμ •μ€ κΈ‰λ³€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ 변화와 μƒν™©μ†μ—μ„œ 뢀득이 κ°œμ •ν•  μ‚¬μœ κ°€ λ°œμƒν•  λ•ŒλŠ” κ°œμ •μ΄ μ’€ 더 μˆ˜μ›”ν•œ νŠΉλ³„λ²•μ— λ‚™νƒœ ν—ˆμš©κ·œμ •κ³Ό κ·Έ μ ˆμ°¨κ·œμ •μ„ μ‘΄μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€.λ”°λΌμ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ ν˜•λ²•μƒ λ‚™νƒœμ£„ κ·œμ •κ³Ό λͺ¨μžλ³΄κ±΄λ²•μƒμ˜ ν—ˆμš©ν•œκ³„ κ·œμ •μ€ μž…λ²•ν˜•μ‹μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‚™νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ ν—ˆμš©ν•œκ³„ κ·œμ •λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μŒμ„±μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œν–‰λ˜κ³  κΈ‰μ¦ν•˜λŠ”λ‚™νƒœμœ¨μ„ κ·œμœ¨ν•˜λŠ”λ°λŠ” ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆμ„κ²ƒμ΄λ‹€. λͺ¨μžλ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ— ν—ˆμš©ν•œκ³„μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ˜λ¬΄μƒλ‹΄μ ˆμ°¨, μ‹œμˆ μ˜μ‚¬μ˜ μ„€λͺ…μ˜λ¬΄μ™€ μ‹ κ³ μ˜λ¬΄, λ™μ˜μ„œμ‹μ ˆμ°¨, μ‹œμˆ μž₯μ†Œ, κ±΄κ°•λ³΄ν—˜μ μš© λ“±μ˜ ν—ˆμš©μ ˆμ°¨κ·œμ •μ„ λ‘λŠ”κ²ƒλ„ λ‚™νƒœμ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ μž…λ²• ν˜•μ‹μ˜ ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ œλ²•μ˜ μœ ν˜•(λͺ¨λΈ)은 적응λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό 상담λͺ¨λΈμ˜ μ ˆμΆ©ν˜•μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ—„κ²©ν•œ 적응λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ±„νƒν•˜μ—¬ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈˆμ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ „μˆ ν•œ λ°” 와 같이 λͺ¨μžλ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ—μ„œ κ·Έ ν—ˆμš©μ‚¬μœ λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ κ·Έ μ˜ˆμ™Έμ  μ‚¬μœ κ°€ μ—„κ²©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μ‹€μ— μ μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것이 사싀이닀. 적응λͺ¨λΈμ€ λ‚™νƒœμ²˜λ²Œκ·œμ •μ΄ κ°•ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ λ‚™νƒœ ν—ˆμš©μ‚¬μœ  λ˜ν•œ μ—„κ²©ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μž„λΆ€λŠ” λ‚™νƒœλ₯ΌλΆˆλ²•μ˜μ—­μ†μ—μ„œ λ‚™νƒœλ₯Ό ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…을 μ€‘μ‹œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은 생λͺ…κΆŒ μ‘΄μ€‘μ΄λΌλŠ” ν—Œλ²•μ  관념 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, μž„λΆ€μ˜ 생λͺ…도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ μ—μ„œ λ³Ό λ•Œ 무쑰건적인 적응방식은 μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, μž„λΆ€μ˜ μžκΈ°κ²°μ •κΆŒκ³Ό μž„λΆ€μ˜ ν–‰λ³΅κΆŒμ„ μ€‘μ‹œν•˜μ—¬ μΌμ •ν•œ μ ˆμ°¨μ™€ μƒλ‹΄λ§Œ 거치면 νƒœμ•„λ₯Ό λ‚™νƒœν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°ν•œλ°©μ‹μ€ λ‚™νƒœμžμœ ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°œμ—°μ„±μ΄ μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ λ‚΄μž¬λ˜μ–΄ 있고 ν˜•λ²•μƒ νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…λ³΄ν˜Έ μœ„λ°˜κ³Ό 생λͺ…κΆŒ μ‘΄μ€‘μ΄λΌλŠ” ν—Œλ²•μ  μœ„ν—Œμ˜ μ†Œμ§€κ°€ 항상 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ λ‚™νƒœκ·œμ œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. 상담λͺ¨λΈμ€ μ™Έν˜•μƒ μž„λΆ€κ°€ λ‚™νƒœ 상담을 λ§ˆμΉœν›„ μ΅œμ’… 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦°λ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μž„λΆ€μ˜ μžκΈ°κ²°μ •κΆŒκ³Ό ν–‰λ³΅κΆŒμ„ 쑴쀑할 수 있고, μƒλ‹΄μ ˆμ°¨λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μž„λΆ€μ—κ²Œ νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ… 보호 문제λ₯Ό 적극 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚™νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹ μ€‘ν•œ κ²€ν† λ₯Ό μœ λ„ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒμ„ 쑴쀑할 수 μžˆλ‹€.κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ μ—μ„œ λ³Όλ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 적응λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό 상담λͺ¨λΈμ˜ μ ˆμΆ©ν˜•μ„ μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 νƒœμ•„μ˜ 생λͺ…κΆŒ 쑴쀑과 μž„λΆ€μ˜ 자기 κ²°μ •κΆŒ 쑴쀑 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ¦¬λΌ μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€.λ‚™νƒœκ΄€λ ¨κ·œμ •μ€ μΈκ°„μ˜ 생λͺ…을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ²•κ·œμ •μ΄λ‹€. λ²•κ·œμ •μ΄ λ²•μ˜ 이상적인 κ΄€λ…μΆ”κ΅¬λ§Œ ν•˜λ‹€λ³΄λ©΄ ν˜„μ‹€μ€ λ²•μ—μ„œ λ©€μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λœλ‹€. 법과 ν˜„μ‹€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό 이루며 ν†΅μ œμ™€ μ œν•œ, 처벌만이 λ²•μ˜ λͺ©μ κ³Ό 이상이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ˜λ©° μΈκ°„μ˜ 기본ꢌ인 생λͺ…κΆŒκ³Ό ν–‰λ³΅κΆŒ 좔ꡬ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ κΆŒλ¦¬λ³΄ν˜Έμ— λ¬΄κ²Œμ€‘μ‹¬μ„ 두어야 ν•  것이닀.λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚™νƒœκ΄€λ ¨κ·œμ •μ˜ κ°œμ •λ…Όμ˜μ™€ λ‚™νƒœν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μž¬μΈμ‹μ˜ 기회λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. [영문]In Korea, there are two regulations under the provision of abortion; First law says abortion is abandoned byapplying the law of criminal abortion operation. Another says abortion is permissible under certain circumstances by applying the law of the Mother and Child Health LawThis study has classified the laws according to their nation and their legislative method. The study suggests an appropriate law that is most suitable for Korea by applying the law with perspective from legislative formalism and its model.Abortion laws that are based on legislative formalism focus on protecting human right to live and punish the act of violating human right to live and suggest the abortion regulation to be applied strictly.However, in rapidly changing society and environment, suggest the law to be more flexible and allow certain limits. With this flexibility, there will be increase of negative act of abortion and implementing rate. To prevent certain problems, there is need to apply the Mother and Child Health Law and also include obligated consultation and doctor’s explanatory, report duties, submission of written consent form and information such as surgical operation hospital, application of health insurance etc to make the law to be appropriately applied.Additionally, abortion law should be appropriate when Justification model and Consultation model are applied together. Valuing the dignity of human right can also be applied to unborned child. The pregnant woman’s life is as important as the unburned child’s life.Therefore, abandoning abortion unconditionally is not appropriate.However,pursuing only pregnant woman’s self right to decide, and selfright to pursue happiness through certain process and consultation mayresult into high probability of overflowing of abortion. On the conditionwith certain laws that could protect unborned child’s Consultationmodel can help pregnant woman to maintain their self right to pursuehappiness and decision. She can considerate her final decision afterhearing well explained consultation from her doctor.With above application of law, Korea could have appropriate abortionlaw condition under the provision Compromise of justification modeland Consultation model which both respects the right of pregnantwoman and unburned child.prohibitio

    An Analysis of the Mediating Effects of Organizational Cynicism on the Relationship between Workaholism and Organizational Conflict among the Members of Public Organizations

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 곡곡쑰직 κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ˜ 일쀑독 ν˜„μƒμ΄ 쑰직 κ°ˆλ“±μ— 영ν–₯을 미침에 μžˆμ–΄ 쑰직 λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜μ˜ 맀개효과λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μ΄λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ 곡곡쑰직 ꡬ성원 265λͺ…μ—κ²Œμ„œ νšλ“ν•œ 섀문데이터λ₯Ό 기반으둜 일쀑독(κ°•λ°•, 성취지ν–₯)을 λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ 쑰직 λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜(인지, μ •μ„œ,행동)λ₯Ό λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ 쑰직 κ°ˆλ“±(κ³Όμ—…, 관계)λ₯Ό μ’…μ†λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ ꡬ쑰방정식 λͺ¨ν˜• 뢄석을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, 강박적 일쀑독은 쑰직 λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜μ— μ •(+), 쑰직 κ°ˆλ“±μ— λΆ€(-)의 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , 성취지ν–₯적 일쀑독은 쑰직 λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜μ— λΆ€(-), 쑰직 κ°ˆλ“±μ— μ •(+)의 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 쑰직 λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜λŠ” 쑰직 κ°ˆλ“±μ— μ •(+)의 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ ν•œ 가지 ν₯미둜운 사싀은 강박적, 성취지ν–₯적 μΌμ€‘λ…μœΌλ‘œ 인해 유발된 쑰직 κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ˜ λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 맀개효과λ₯Ό 톡해 일쀑독이 쑰직 κ°ˆλ“±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯κ³Ό κ·Έ λ°©ν–₯성을 λ³€λ™μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이닀. μ΄μƒμ˜ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 쑰직 κ°ˆλ“±μ˜ 저감 및 일쀑독과 쑰직 λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜μ˜ 관리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 정책적 μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the mediating effects of organizational cynicism when workaholism among the members of the public organizations affects organizational conflict. In order to do so, workaholism (obsession, achievement orientation) was set as an independent variable and organizational cynicism (cognition, sentiment, behavior) as a parameter, and implemented a structural equation modeling analysis based on survey data from 265 members of public organizations in Korea. As a result, it turns out that obsessive workaholism exerts a positive effect on organizational cynicism and a negative effect on organizational conflict, and achievement-oriented workaholism exerts a negative effect on the organizational cynicism and a positive effect on the organizational conflict. The interesting factor that this research found was that the cynicism among the members of the organization, caused by obsessive, achievement-oriented workaholism, may change the influence of workaholism upon organizational conflicts and its direction through mediating effects. A range of policy-related implications for the management on reducing organizational conflicts, workaholism, and organizational cynicism are provided based on this analysis
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