106 research outputs found
Seroprevalence of five bovine arboviruses and development of inactivated trivalent vaccine for Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses in Korea
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์์ํ๊ณผ(์์๋ณ์ธ์๋ฌผํ ๋ฐ ์๋ฐฉ์์ํ์ ๊ณต), 2015. 8. ๋ฐ์ธ์ฐฝ.Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods, such as mosquitoes, Culicoides biting midges and ticks. These arbovirus infections are mainly associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital defects in pregnant cattle, sheep and goats, which induces a considerable economic loss in livestock industry.
To investigate the possible circulation of arboviruses in South Korea, nationwide surveillance of five arbovirues was conducted in sentinel calves during 2009?2012. We used serum neutralization tests to investigate the presence of antibodies for the Aino virus, Akabane virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, Chuzan virus and Ibaraki virus. In 2009, 2011 and 2012, the seropositive rates for these five arboviruses were all less than 14.1%. In 2010, however, the seropositive rates for Aino virus and Akabane virus were 33.2% and 40.2%, respectively. High seropositive rates were also associated with a large-scale outbreak of Akabane viral encephalomyelitis in cattle in southern Korea in 2010. Continued seroprevalence surveillance will be useful for monitoring natural arboviral diseases.
The arboviruses seem to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia and Australia. Among the arboviruses, Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses are respectively isolated in abortion cases. As a control strategy, an inactivated trivalent vaccine against Aino, Akabane and Chuzan virus was developed by using binary ethylenimine or formalin as an inactivating agent. The newly developed trivalent vaccine is evaluated for its safety and immunogenicity in animals such as mice, guinea pigs and cattle. The immune responses were significantly detected within 2-weeks after second vaccination without any side effects. Since the field application of experimental vaccine also revealed increased antibodies in inoculated cattle, we demonstrated that these trivalent vaccines could be used as a vaccine to control the arboviral infections in ruminants.
This study approached the seroprevalence of five arboviruses in sentinel cattle and development for prevention of the diseases on Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses in cattle.Abstract i
Contents iii
List of figures v
List of tables vi
Abbreviations vii
General Introduction 1
General Methodology 3
Literature Review
A. Bovine arboviruses overview 12
A.1. Aino virus 14
A.2. Akabane virus 15
A.3. Bovine ephemeral fever virus 20
A.4. Chuzan virus. 21
A.5. Ibaraki virus 23
B. Control of bovine arboviruses 24
B.1. Vector and disease control 24
Chapter I
Seroprevalence of five arboviruses in sentinel cattle as part of nationwide surveillance in Repulic of Korea, 2009-2012
Abstract 29
1.1. Introduction 30
1.2. Materials and methods 31
1.3. Results 32
1.4. Discussion 33
Chapter II
Development of inactivated trivalent vaccine for the teratogenic Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses
Abstract 39
2.1. Introduction 40
2.2. Materials and methods 42
2.3. Results 45
2.4. Discussion 48
General conclusion 59
References 61
Abstracts in Korean 79
List of published articles 81Docto
Evaluation of a Career Ladder Program for Nurses in a Hospital
Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the efficacy and usefulness of the career ladder program in a hospital and to evaluate nurses satisfaction with the program. Methods: The study was conducted using a survey consisting of 14 questions on the appropriateness, necessity and usefulness of the career ladder program. The data were gathered from 403 nurses in a hospital. We assessed differences in responses according to the participants workplace, age, educational background, marital status, experience (total years and years at current working place). We analyzed the data using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: Nurses acknowledged that the career ladder program is necessary and profitable within the nursing field, but they worried about the appropriateness of the nurse's role at each career level and rationality of the portfolio. The study also identified nurses characteristics that were significant factors in explaining nurses satisfaction with the career ladder program. Finally, we identified complaints and improvements for the program. Conclusion: We assessed differences in attitude towards the career ladder program according to nurses' characteristics
C. I. Lewis์ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ๋ ์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ : ๊ฒฝํ์ ์ธ์์ ํ ์ ํ์ผ๋ก์์ ๊ฐ์นํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๋ฏธํ๊ณผ,1995.Maste
๋ ์ผ์ด ์์๋์ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้ข :ๅคๅ่ชๆ่ฒ็ง ็จ่ชๆ่ฒๅฐๆป,1995.Maste
Acquired Modern Lifestyle through The Electricity in Korea-1880~1905
Lifestyle of people of Chosen dynasty changed significantly between 1887-1905 with electricity, which was invented and developed in the West. In 1887, King Gojong introduced electric lights in palace; in 1898, electric cars were introduced in Hansung, the capital of Chosen; the electric street lights were installed and; a nation-wide telegraph system was established, as well.
As a result, significant changes to traditional lifestyle were witnessed not only in Hansung, but in the entire Choseon. Among them was the fact that men and woman shared the same seats in electric cars. Also, women went out to streets during the day and more men walked around the city at night. The highest class, Yangban, had to wait for the electric car at a station just like any other ordinary men waiting for the car with fare.
Telegraph system also brought about great changes. With telegraph system, it was easier for people to exchange personal correspondences, and they had better access to news and information around the world. Through these changes brought by electricity, people of Choseon acquired the western lifestyle before 1905.์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ตญ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ฌ๋จ์ ์ง์์ ์ํด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์์(NRF-2009-0084888)
ํ๊ฒฝ์ฑ ๋ด๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ(ETS)์ ๋ ธ์ถ๋ ํก์ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ํก์ฐ์์ Nicotine๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋์ฌ์ฐ๋ฌผ(Cotinine)์ ๋๋์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ํ์ :ํ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฑดํ๊ณผ ์ฐ์
๋ณด๊ฑดํ์ ๊ณต,2006.Maste
Quantitative detection of CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) in soybean using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Thesis (master`s)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๋์๋ช
๊ณตํ๋ถ,2004.The Round-up Readyโก soybean, which has tolerance against glyphosate, an herbicide, is widely
used for soybean processing. Usually, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is employed to detect GMOs
at DNA level. Immunological methods including western-blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) are also used to detect GMOs at protein level. Recently, detection of genetically
modified organisms (GMOs) has become more important because of mandatory labeling.
The objective of this research was the detection and quantification of CP4 5-
enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) in GM soybean using two-dimensional gel
electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Purified CP4 EPSPS from cloned E. coli was used as a control to
monitor the change of CP4 EPSPS in GM soybean and soybean curd. CP4 EPSPS was detected in GM
soybean and GM soybean curd by 2D-PAGE and identified by the matrix-assisted laser desorption
ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization tandem
mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) through databases. CP4 EPSPS in soybean products was resolved on
2D-PAGE according to its characteristic isoelectric point of 5.1 by isoelectric focusing (IEF)
and molecular mass of 47.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Various percentages CP4 EPSPS in soybean were
quantified. The quantitation tests were perfomed on artificial gels with spots varying Gaussian
volumes by 2D software program.Maste
Depressed mood experienced by domestic workers based on emergency call
๋๋ฐ์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท๋ ์
๋ฌด์ ๋ณต๊ทํ๋ผ๊ณ ๋๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ตฌ๋ฐ๋ ํน๋ณํ ์ํฉ์ ์๋ฏธํ๋ค. ์์ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์๊ธ ํ์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํธ์ถ, ์
๋ฌด ์์ฒด๊ฐ ์๊ธ์์ ๋๋ 5๋ถ ๋๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๋๋ฃ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ทผํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๊ฐ์์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ์ผ์ด ํญ์ฃผํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ์ํฉ์์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ตญ๋ด ์๊ธ๊ทผ๋ก์์ ๋๋ฐ์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท ๊ฒฝํ ๋น๋์ ์ฐ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ฑ์ ํ์
ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค. ์ 5์ฐจ ๊ทผ๋กํ๊ฒฝ์กฐ์ฌ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด 1๋
์ด์์ด๊ณ 65์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ง์ธ ์๊ธ๊ทผ๋ก์ 23,375๋ช
์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์์ผ๋ก ํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฌํํ์ ํน์ฑ์ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋น๋๋ถ์์ ์ค์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋๋ฐ์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฌํํ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ฑ์ ์์๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์นด์ด์ ๊ณฑ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ค์ํ์๋ค. ๋๋ฐ์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท ๊ฒฝํ ์ฌ๋ถ ๋ฐ ๋น๋์ ์ฐ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์์๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ก์ง์คํฑ ํ๊ท๋ถ์์ ์ค์ํ์๋ค. ๋๋ฐ์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท ์ฌ๋ถ์ ์ฐ์ธ๊ฐ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ฑ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋๋ฐ์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ฐ์ธ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ(OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.32-1.93), ๋๋ฐ์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท ๋น๋๊ฐ ๋์์๋ก ์ฐ์ธ๊ฐ๋ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค(OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.51-2.92). ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์
์ ํน์ฑ์ ํต์ ํ ํ์๋ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋๋ฐ ์
๋ฌด ๋ณต๊ท ๋น๋์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋
ผ์์ ์์ธก ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋๊ธฐ๊ทผ๋ฌด ํธ์ฑ, ์์ํ๋ ๋ณด์ ๋ฐ ํด์ ์ฌ๊ฑด ์กฐ์ฑ ๋ฑ ๋ ๋์ ๋๊ธฐ๊ทผ๋ฌด ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ง๋ จํ์ฌ ๋๊ธฐ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๊ทผ๋ก์๋ค์ ์๋
์ ๋๋ชจํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Emergency call means a special situation in which one is suddenly asked to return to work. It occurs in a variety of situations, such as calling in response to the occurrence of emergency patients, the work itself is the same as emergency personnel or flying squad, the absence of colleagues, and suddenly having a lot of work to do. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the domestic wage earners' experience of emergency call and their depression. Using the data of the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey(KWCS), 23,375 wage workers with a working period of more than 1 year and under 65 years of age were the subjects of the study. A frequency analysis was performed to confirm the demographic characteristics of the subjects, and a chi-square test was performed to find out the relationship between emergency call and the demographic characteristics. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the relationship between emergency call and depressed mood. When it comes to the corelationship between emergency call and depression, there was a significant corelationship between emergency call and depression. An emergency call made workers depressed and the more they return to work the more the became depressed. This trend remained unchanged even after controlling personal and professional characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the well-being of emergency call workers by establishing a better working environment for emergency call, such as discussions to reduce mental health problems related to the frequency of emergency call, predictable emergency call arrangements, corresponding compensation and creation of rest conditions.open์
์๊ทน ์ฐํ ํ์ดํ๋ ํ๋ฉด์์ ๋ฐฐ์ํ ์ ์ฌ์ธ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ณจ์ธํฌ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ํ microarray ๋ถ์
Thesis(doctoral)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์น์ํ๊ณผ ์น๊ณผ๋ณด์ฒ ํ์ ๊ณต,2004.Docto
A Survey of the State of the Physically Disabled and the Attitude of Nondisabled Residents in their Rural Community
์ํ๊ณผ/์์ฌ[์๋ฌธ]
[ํ๊ธ]
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋์ด ์ง์ญ์ฌํ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์ฌํ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ
์ ์๋๋ก ์ง์ญ์ฌํ์ค์ฌ์ฌํ์ฌ์
์ ์ค์ํ๋๋ฐ ์์ด์ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ค์ ๋ฐ ์ถํํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ๊ธฐ
์ด์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ป๊ณ ์ ๋์ด์ง์ญ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ ์คํ ๋ฐ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ ์ฅ์ ์๊ฐ์กฑ, ์ผ๋ฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์
์ฅ์ ๋ฐ ์ฌํ์ ๋ํ ์ธ์๊ณผ ํ๋๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ ์ํํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ผ๋ถ๋ ์์ฃผ๊ตฐ ๋ถ๋ถ์ง์ญ์ 7๊ฐ๋ฉด 1๊ฐ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ ์ ๊ฐ๊ตฌ์ 5 %์ ํด
๋นํ๋ 672๊ฐ๊ตฌ 2,719๋ช
์ ์กฐ์ฌํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ 1988๋
8์ 8์ผ๋ถํฐ 8์ 12์ผ๊น์ง ์กฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ
์ฌ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ป์๋ค.
1. ๋์์ง์ญ์ ์ฌ์ ์ฅ์ ์ ๋ณ์จ์ 2.83 %์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์ ๋ณ์จ์ 2.06 %๋ก์จ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์
์๋ ์ ์ฒด ์ฅ์ ์์ 72.7 %๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์งํ์๋ค.
2. ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ ๋จ๋
์ ๋น๋ 1.4 : 1์ด์๊ณ 60๋๊ฐ 39.3 %๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์์ผ๋ฉฐ 50์ธ ์ด์
์ด ์ ์ฒด์ 67.9 %๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์งํ์๋ค.
3. ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์ ์ง๋จ๋ณ ๋ถ๋ฅ๋ก๋ ๋์กธ์ค์ด 30.4%๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ 21.4 %, ์
๋จ 16.0 %์ ์์ด์๋ค.
4. ์ฅ์ ๋ฐ์์๊ธฐ๋ 60์ธ ์ด์ ๋
ธ๋
๊ธฐ๊ฐ 25.0 %๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์๊ณ , ํ์ฒ์ ์์ธ์ด 92.9%์
๋ฌํ๋ค.
5. ์ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ 69.6 %๊ฐ ์ง์ฐฐ ๋๋ ์น๋ฃ๊ฒฝํ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ง๋ฃ์ฅ์๋ก๋ ๋ณ
์ ๋๋ ์์์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์์๊ณ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ 14.3 %์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค.
6. ์ผ์์ํ๋์์ด ์์กด์ ์ธ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์๋ ์ ์ฒด์ 26.8 %์ด์๊ณ , ๋ณด์ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๊ณ ์
๋ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์๋ 39.3 %์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ ํฌ๋ง์ฌํญ์ผ๋ก๋ ์๋ฃ์ํ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์๋ค.
7. ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์๋ ๋ฌด์ง์จ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํ์จ์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๋์๊ณ , ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ๊ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ผ๋ฐ๊ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋ค ์ ์๋
๊ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์๋ฃ๋ณดํธ๋์๊ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ง์๋ค.
8. ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ ์ฅ์ ์๊ฐ์กฑ, ์ผ๋ฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฅ์ ์์ ๋ํ ๊ด์ฌ๋๊ฐ ๋์๊ณ ์ฅ์
์์ ์ฌํ์ ๋์ฐ์ ๋ํ ์๊ฐ์ด ๊ฑด์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ฌํ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ๋ํ ์์ฉ๋๋ ๋์๋ค.
9. ์ ์กฐ์ฌ๋์์์์ ์ฌ์ดฌ์ฉ์ด์ ๋ํ์ธ์ง๋๊ฐ ๋ฎ์๊ณ ์ฌํ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ํด ์๊ทน์ ์ด์์ผ
๋ฉฐ ์ฅ์ ์์ ์ฌํ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ค์ ์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํ๋ค.
10. ์ผ๋ฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ ์ง์ฒด์ฅ์ ์์ ์ฅ์ ์๊ฐ์กฑ๋ณด๋ค ์ฌํ๋ณต์ง์ ๋ํด ๋นํ์ ์ด์๊ณ ๊ต์ก์์ค
์ด ๋์์๋ก ์ฌํ์ฉ์ด์ ๋ํ ์ธ์ง๋๊ฐ ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ฌํ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ๋ํ ์์ฉ๋๋ ๋ฎ์๋ค.
A Survey of the State of the Physically Disabled and the Attitude of Nondisabled
Residents in their Rural Community
Yun-Hee Kim, M. D.
Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School, Yousei University
(Directed by Associate Professor Chang Il Park, M.D .)
The purpose of this study was to obtain precise informationa bout the state of
the physically disabled and the attitude of the physically disabled themselves ,
their families and nondisabled members of their rural community about their
disability and rehabilitation, in order to provide basic data for Planning and
evaluating the Community-Based Rehabilitation Project for this community.
Those enlisted in this survey involved 672 households which were 5% of the total
households in North Wanju Country. From August 8-12, 1988, 2,719 persons were
investigated. The results were as reported.
The prevalence ,of all the disabled was 2.83% of the population ; the prevalence
of physically disabled persons was 2.06% .Of all the disabled, 72.7% were
physically disabled.
The male: female ratio was 1.4: 1. Of the physically disabled 39.3% were in their
sixties and 67% were older than fifty.
Strokes among the phystcaIly disabled represented the most frequent diagnosis of
the disabled while joint contracture and amputation took second and third place .
The most common age for occurance of a physical disability was during the sixties
and this group represented, 25% of all disabilities. The second most frequent
period was from age 1-10 which occupied 23.3% of all disabilities. Postnatal
disabilities were cause of 92.9% of all physical disabilities.
More than two-thirds of the physically disabled detected did have a history of
medical examination or treatment. A hospital or private clinic was the most
frequent place for receiving medical care. Only 14.3% of the physically disabled
received physical therapy .
Twenty-seven percent of the physically disabled were dependent in their
activities required for daily living. Thirty-nine percent used braces or
prostheses. The most frequent desire of these persons for their rehabilitation was
medical treatment.
There was a much higher incidence of illiteracy and unemployment among the
physically disabled and a higher proportion of their families received medicaid
and low incomes than the nondisabled families.
All of the physically disabled, along with their families and nondisabled
residents of their communities, had a relatively higher level of concern for the
disabled and a better acceptance of the rehabilitation facilities, as well as a
healthy view-point about the social life of the disabled.
There was a relatively low level of preception of rehabilitation terminology
among all of the People who were investigated. They had a somewhat passive attitude
toward rehabilitative care and the socialization of the disabled.
In contrast, the nondisabled residents held a critical view-point toward the
status of the disabled person's social welfare. The educational Level of the
residents was reflected in their perception and attitude toward the disabled and
their rehabilitation.restrictio
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