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    The Performance and Economic Evaluation for Fire and Seismic Resistant Steels

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    ꡬ쑰물에 λ°œμƒν•œ ν™”μž¬λŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°λΆ€μž¬μ˜ λ‚΄λ ₯을 μ €ν•˜μ‹œν‚€κ³ , 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ λΆ•κ΄΄λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. 졜근의 κ΅­λ‚΄ ν™”μž¬μΆ”μ΄μ™€ μ΄ˆλŒ€ν˜•ν™” 및 μ΄ˆκ³ μΈ΅ν™”κ°€ λ˜κ³ μžˆλŠ” 건좕물 동ν–₯을 λ³΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λ €ν•˜λ©΄ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ”μš± 큰 규λͺ¨μ˜ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€. 이와 같은 λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 지진, 강풍, 폭섀 λ“±μ˜ μž¬ν•΄μ— λŒ€λΉ„ν•œ ꡬ쑰물 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 확보λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ Hμ‚¬λŠ” 355MPaκΈ‰ λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„κ°•μž¬λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„κ°•μž¬λŠ” 고온 μ‹œμ˜ 항볡강도 μœ μ§€μ„±λŠ₯κ³Ό 저항볡비λ₯Ό μ–‘λ¦½μ‹œν‚¨ κ³ κΈ°λŠ₯ κ°•μž¬μ΄λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°œλ°œκ°•μž¬λŠ” 인μž₯μ‹œν—˜μ„ 톡해 재료적인 μ„±λŠ₯을 λ§Œμ‘±ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄λ©°, κ΅¬μ‘°λΆ€μž¬λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” ν˜•κ°•λ₯˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹€λ¬Όμ‹€ν—˜μ€ μ§„ν–‰λœ λ°”κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ―€λ‘œ 건좕 μ£Όμš”λΆ€μž¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 적용 νƒ€λ‹Ήμ„±μ˜ 확보와 μƒμš©ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯ 및 κ²½μ œμ„± 평가가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ  방법을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„κ°•μ˜ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯을 λΆ€μž¬ λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” λ‚΄ν™”μ‹œν—˜μ„ κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ABAQUS의 열응λ ₯해석 λͺ¨λΈμ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό κΈ°μ‘΄μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 검증을 톡해 타당성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 개발된 열응λ ₯해석 λͺ¨λΈμ„ 톡해 내화ㆍ내진강 및 λΉ„κ΅λŒ€μƒ κ°•μž¬μΈ 일반 νƒ„μ†Œκ°•μ„ μ μš©ν•œ 총 36개의 λͺ¨λΈμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 해석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, κ΅­λ‚΄ λ‚΄ν™”μ‹œν—˜κ·œκ²©(KS F 2257-1)의 ν•˜μ€‘μ§€μ§€λ ₯μ„±λŠ₯ 쑰건으둜 λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ‚°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯μ‹œκ°„ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ λ‹¨λ©΄μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ ν•œκ³„μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό λΆ€μž¬μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό μž¬λ£Œμ— 관계없이 일λ₯ μ μœΌλ‘œ 적용되고 μžˆλŠ” 기쑴의 ν•œκ³„μ˜¨λ„(538℃)와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 열응λ ₯ν•΄μ„μœΌλ‘œ μ‚°μ •λœ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯μ‹œκ°„ 및 ν•œκ³„μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό 톡해 λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„κ°•μ˜ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯을 μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‚°μ •λœ ν•œκ³„μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό λΉ„μž¬ν•˜κ°€μ—΄μ‹œν—˜μ˜ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯ ν‰κ°€κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜κ³ , ν”Όλ³΅μž¬λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 2차원 열전달해석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ 강쒅별 λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 λ™μΌν•œ λͺ©ν‘œ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ” 졜적 ν”Όλ³΅λ‘κ»˜λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.|Fire in the structure lowers the strength of the structural member and further causes collapse. Considering the recent trends in domestic fires and building trends that are becoming very large and very tall, it is expected to cause even greater damage in the future. With this background, H corporation developed fire and seismic resistant steels of 355MPa level to secure the structure stability against disaster such as earthquake, strong wind and heavy snow. Fire and seismic resistant steels are a high performance steel that combines the ability to maintain yield strength at high temperatures with low yield ratio. These developed steels have satisfied the material performance through tensile tests, and since the actual test has not been conducted for the shaped steels used as structural members, it is necessary to evaluate the fire resistance performance and economic feasibility to secure the feasibility of application as a major member and to commercialize them. In this study, the fire resistance performance of fire and seismic resistant steels was evaluated in member unit using the numerical method. ABAQUS’s thermal stress analysis model was developed to implement fire resistance test to evaluate fire resistance performance, and the validity of the numerical analysis was secured through the verification of the existing study. Through the developed thermal stress analysis model, a total of 36 models using fire and seismic resistant steels and general carbon steels, which are comparative steels, were analyzed, and the fire resistance performance time was calculated under the load bearing performance of the domestic fire resistance test standard (KS F 2257-1). In addition, the critical temperature was calculated by measuring the cross-sectional temperature at the time of fire resistance time and compared with the existing critical temperature(538℃) which is applied uniformly regardless of the function and material of the member. The fire resistance performance of the fire and seismic resistant steels was quantitatively evaluated through the fire resistance time and limit temperature calculated by thermal stress analysis. The calculated critical temperature was set as a criterion for evaluating the fire performance of the non-load heating test, and the fire performance of each steel type was evaluated by performing two-dimensional heat transfer analysis including fireproofing protection. And the optimum coating thickness which satisfy the same target fire resistance time.λͺ© μ°¨ β…° List of Tables β…³ List of Figures β…΅ Abstract β…Έ 초 둝 xi 제1μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1.1 연ꡬ배경 및 λͺ©μ  1 1.2 연ꡬ동ν–₯ 6 1.3 μ—°κ΅¬λ‚΄μš© 및 λ²”μœ„ 9 제2μž₯ ν•œκ³„μ˜¨λ„λ²• 2.1 Eurocode 3 11 2.2 κ΅­λ‚΄ 내화섀계기쀀 16 2.3 κ³ μ°° 20 제3μž₯ μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ λͺ¨λΈ 개발 3.1 열해석 방법 21 3.2 열전달이둠 24 3.2.1 μ •μƒμƒνƒœ 열전달방정식 24 3.2.2 비정상 κ³Όλ„μƒνƒœ 열전달방정식 26 3.2.3 λŒ€λ₯˜ 및 볡사λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ 열전달방정식 27 3.2.4 Eurocode 3의 무피볡 및 ν”Όλ³΅κ°•μž¬ ν‘œλ©΄ μ˜¨λ„λ³€ν™” 곡식 28 3.3 해석기법 30 3.4 κ°•μž¬μ˜ 기계적 및 열적 νŠΉμ„± 35 3.4.1 일반 νƒ„μ†Œκ°• 35 3.4.1.1 기계적 νŠΉμ„± 35 3.4.1.2 열적 νŠΉμ„± 43 3.4.2 내화ㆍ내진강 46 3.4.2.1 기계적 νŠΉμ„± 46 3.4.2.2 열적 νŠΉμ„± 48 3.4.3 λΉ„μ„ ν˜• 응λ ₯-λ³€ν˜•λ₯  관계 μ •μ˜ 49 3.5 μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ 기법 검증 52 3.5.1 열전달해석 검증 52 3.5.2 λ³΄λΆ€μž¬ 열응λ ₯해석 검증 55 3.5.3 κΈ°λ‘₯λΆ€μž¬ 열응λ ₯해석 검증 57 3.5.4 검증결과 κ³ μ°° 58 제4μž₯ λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„ν˜•κ°•μ˜ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯평가 4.1 κΈ°λ‘₯λΆ€μž¬ 60 4.1.1 초기꡽힘(initial bow imperfection) 60 4.1.2 μ΄ˆκΈ°κ΅½νž˜μ„ κ³ λ €ν•œ μ’Œκ΅΄ν•˜μ€‘ μ‚°μ • 61 4.1.3 해석쑰건 65 4.1.4 해석결과 66 4.2 λ³΄λΆ€μž¬ 77 4.2.1 해석쑰건 77 4.2.2 해석결과 79 4.3 λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„κ°•μž¬ 및 μΌλ°˜νƒ„μ†Œκ°•μ˜ ν•œκ³„μ˜¨λ„ 90 제5μž₯ λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„ν˜•κ°•μ˜ κ²½μ œμ„±ν‰κ°€ 5.1 λ‚΄ν™”γ†λ‚΄μ§„ν˜•κ°•μ˜ κ²½μ œμ„±ν‰κ°€ 방법 91 5.2 λ‚΄ν™”ν”Όλ³΅μž¬ 94 5.2.1 λ‚΄ν™” λΏœμΉ ν”Όλ³΅μž¬ κ΄€λ ¨ 기쑴연ꡬ 94 5.2.2 λ‚΄ν™” λΏœμΉ ν”Όλ³΅μž¬ μ„ μ • 95 5.2.3 CAFCO 300 μ—΄μ νŠΉμ„± 쑰사 95 5.3 ν”Όλ³΅μž¬λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 2차원 열전달해석 98 5.3.1 동일 ν”Όλ³΅λ‘κ»˜ μ μš©μ‹œμ˜ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯μ‹œκ°„ 평가 98 5.3.2 동일 λͺ©ν‘œ λ‚΄ν™”μ„±λŠ₯μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όλ³΅λ‘κ»˜ 평가 101 5.4 철골 λ‚΄ν™” ν”Όλ³΅λΏœμΉ  곡사비 μ‚°μ • 103 제6μž₯ κ²° λ‘  6.1 연ꡬ결둠 107 6.2 ν–₯후연ꡬ 108 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 111Maste

    The clinical effectiveness of simulation based airway management education using the Korean emergency airway registry

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    Introduction. Simulation training with an integrated simulator is appropriate for achieving educational goals in airway management. Thus, we designed this study to evaluate the effectiveness of a simulation based emergency airway management pro-gram (SBEAMP) in actual practice. Method. This is a retrospective sub-group analysis of the Korean Emergency Air-way Management Registry from 2006 to 2010. We categorized all hospitals into two groups. Six hospitals that actively attended SBEAMP were defined as the β€˜participant group’, and the others as the β€˜non-partici-pant group’. The types of medicines admin-istered, the use of pre-oxygenation, and the rate of first pass success were compared. Result. The ratio of patients with no medi-cine received during intubation showed a decrease in both groups but was more rapid in the participant group (p<0.001). The ratio of intubation with sedatives alone was high in the non-participant group (P<0.001). The ratio of intubation with paralytics alone was high in the non-participant group (p<0.001). In the partici-pant group, a combination of both agents was used more frequently (P<0.001). Cases of intubation with both agents and preoxy-genation were more prevalent in the par-ticipant group (P<0.001). Conclusion. We concluded in this study that SBEAMP had a positive influence on actual clinical outcomes in emergency air-way management.ope

    Guidewire-Assisted Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Intubated Patients in an Emergency Center

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    Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the usefulness of guidewire-assisted nasogastric tube insertion in intubated patients with cervical spine immobilization or unstable vital signs in an emergency center. Methods: Thirty-four intubated patients in an emergency center were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to the control group or the guidewire group. All patient necks were kept in neutral position during the procedure. In the control group, the nasogastric tube was inserted with the conventional method. A guidewire-supporting nasogastric tube was used in the guidewire group. The success rates of the first attempts and overall were recorded along with complications. Results: The first attempt success rate was 88.2% in the guidewire group compared with 35.2% in the control group (p < 0.001). The overall success rate was 94.2% in the guidewire group and 52.9% in the control group (p = 0.017). Five cases of self-limiting nasal bleeding were reported in the guidewire group, and two cases occurred in the control group. No statistical differences were identified between groups. Conclusions: Guidewire-assisted nasogastric tube insertion is a simple and useful method in intubated patients with cervical spine immobilization or unstable vital signs.ope

    Coupled Noisy Neurons

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    μ΄ˆμ „λ„ λ°°μ—΄μ˜ 동역학적 거동

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    Thesis (doctoral)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :물리학과,1995.Docto

    쀑증 외상 ν™˜μžμ—μ„œμ˜ μ‘κΈ‰μ€‘μž¬μˆ  μ‹œν–‰ 예츑 μΈμžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 호기말 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ λΆ„μ••μ˜ μœ μš©μ„±

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    μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™/석사쀑증 외상 ν™˜μžμ˜ 생쑴λ₯  ν–₯상을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ μ ˆν•œ μ€‘μž¬μˆ μ΄ λΉ λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„ 내에 이루어져야 ν•˜λ©°, λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μ€‘μž¬μˆ  ν•„μš”λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 이에 μ—°κ΅¬μžλŠ” 호기말 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ λΆ„μ••μ˜ μ‘κΈ‰μ€‘μž¬μˆ μ˜ 예츑 μΈμžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μœ μš©μ„±μ„ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ „ν–₯적 κ΄€μ°° μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ, 쀑증 외상 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 호기말 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ 뢄압을 비관을 톡해 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³ , ν™˜μžμ˜ μ˜ˆν›„μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ§„ 정보듀을 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 24 μ‹œκ°„ 이내 응급 μˆ˜μˆ μ΄λ‚˜ ν˜ˆκ΄€ μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰ 받은 것을 μ€‘μž¬μˆ μ˜ μ‹œν–‰μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€κ³ , ν™˜μžμ˜ 사망 μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 1λ…„μ˜ 연ꡬ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 93λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžκ°€ 연ꡬ에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 응급 μ€‘μž¬μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ κ²½μš°κ°€ μˆ˜μΆ•κΈ° ν˜ˆμ••, 호기말 μ΄μ‚°ν™˜νƒ„μ†Œ λΆ„μ••, μ –μ‚°, 동λ§₯혈 pH, 동λ§₯혈 쀑탄산염, μ—ΌκΈ°κ³Όμž‰, ISS, RTS 등이 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€λ³€λŸ‰ λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†ŒλΆ„μ••κ³Ό ISS만이 응급 μ€‘μž¬μˆ μ˜ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ— 관련이 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, 생쑴 여뢀와 κ΄€κ³„λœ μΈμžλŠ” 찾지 λͺ»ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 호기말 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†ŒλΆ„μ••μ˜ μˆ˜μ‹ κΈ°μž‘λ™νŠΉμ„±κ³‘μ„ μ„ κ·Έλ € κ³‘μ„ ν•˜λ©΄μ  0.824(0.732-0.917)을 μ–»μ—ˆμœΌλ©° 졜적의 절편 값은 29 mmHgμ˜€λ‹€.ope

    Statistical Physics : Experiments, Theories and Computer Simulations

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