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    Alternative tangential flow perfusion ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ๊น€๋ณ‘๊ธฐ.๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž (Factor VIII)์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ, ํ•€์น˜๋ฐธ๋ธŒ์™€ ํƒ€์ด๋จธ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํฐ ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ž€ํŠธ ์ธ์ž(vWF)์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ATF ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, spin-filter, Centritech Lab III centrifuge ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์„ธํฌ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์žฅ์น˜(cell retention device)๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์žฅ์น˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด, ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์žฅ์น˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์™ธ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ธฐํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ(surface adsorption)๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™œํ™”(inactivation)๋Š” ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ง‰(hollow fiber filter membrane)์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน ํฌ๊ธฐ(pore size)๋ฅผ 0.2m์—์„œ 0.5m๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ค‘๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์œจ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ(transmembrane pressure)๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์€ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋™ํŽŒํ”„(peristaltic pump)์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒดํฌ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ์™€ ํ•€์น˜๋ฐธ๋ธŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘์ƒ๋“ฑ์•ก ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ง‰ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋™ํŽŒํ”„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ธ ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋™ํŽŒํ”„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ฒดํฌ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์••๋ ฅ (permeate pressure)์„ 44.8% ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์„ 96%์ด์ƒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž์™€ ํฐ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ž€ํŠธ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ํ–„์Šคํ„ฐ ๋‚œ์†Œ์„ธํฌ(Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cell)์˜ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋™ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์†๋„(perfusion rate)๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋™ํŽŒํ”„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ์•ฝ 13.6๋ฐฐ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ์•ฝ 1.47๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์œจ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ (the retention of FVIII:Ag)์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์—ฐ๋™ํŽŒํ”„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ง‰๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฒดํฌ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์‘๊ณ  ์ œ8์ธ์ž ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ATF ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ (filtration-based perfusion) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ง‰์˜ค์† (membrane fouling) ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋งํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.The purpose of this thesis is to provide an alternating harvest method for enhancing Factor VIII (FVIII) yield in alternating tangential flow (ATF) perfusion culture. This goal was accomplished by developing a modified harvest system composed of a check valve, a pinch valve, and a timer. This thesis was composed of three studies. In the first study, three cell retention devices, an ATF system, a spin-filter, and a Centritech Lab III centrifuge was evaluated for the production of recombinant human Factor VIII (rhFVIII) co-expressed with von Willebrand factor (vWF). From the results, it was found that the FVIII activity (FVIII:C) in bioreactor was significantly higher in the ATF perfusion culture than two other perfusion cultures. Moreover, the FVIII:C recovery yield was unexpectedly low in the ATF perfusion culture. Therefore, the reasons for this low FVIII:C recovery yield were studied. It was revealed that the inactivation and the surface adsorption of FVIII onto the harvest bag were not the main reasons for the low yield in the ATF perfusion culture. The FVIII:C recovery yield was not increased by the use of a hollow fiber filter with 0.5 m pore size instead of 0.2 m pore size. Additionally, the retention of FVIII molecules by the hollow fiber filter was a dominant factor in the low FVIII:C recovery yield in the ATF perfusion culture. It was demonstrated that FVIII yield was significantly improved by controlling transmembrane pressure (TMP) across the hollow fiber filter membrane. Taken together, these results suggest that TMP control could be an efficient method for the enhancement of FVIII yield in an ATF perfusion culture. In the second study, it was described the development of a modified harvest system to enhance FVIII yield in ATF perfusion culture. The main innovation of the modified harvest system is the use of check and pinch valves, eliminating the need of a peristaltic pump for harvest. In the third study, the modified harvest system was applied to perfusion cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which co-express both rhFVIII and vWF. The modified harvest system showed comparable cell growth with the conventional harvest system using a peristaltic pump. The perfusion rate was successfully controlled using the system. In addition, the modified harvest system achieved an approximately 13.6-fold increase in the final recovery yield of FVIII:C and a 1.47-fold increase in the product yield of FVIII:C compared with a peristaltic pump. Enhancement of the yield of FVIII:C resulted from the reduction of FVIII antigen (FVIII:Ag) retention. As a result of TMP measurement, the reduction of the retained FVIII:Ag was due to the increased TMP, which was caused by the characteristic function of a check valve, compared with a peristaltic harvest system. In conclusion, the modified harvest system developed in this thesis could be useful to enhance the product yield of other recombinant proteins in ATF perfusion culture. Another important point is that the system provides a promising tool to solve the fouling problem in the filtration-based perfusion system, especially in ATF perfusion culture.Chapter I. Introduction 1.1 Factor VIII 2 1.2 The instability of Factor VIII 5 1.3 The B-domain of Factor VIII 10 1.4 von Willebrand factor 13 1.5 Production of Factor VIII 16 1.6 Perfusion culture 16 1.6.1 Spin-filter 21 1.6.2 Centritech Lab III centrifuge 21 1.6.3 ATF system 25 1.7 The scope of thesis 29 Chapter II. Materials and Methods 2.1 Cell line and inoculum preparation 32 2.2 Perfusion culture 32 2.3 Dead-end filtration 35 2.4 Storage and surface adsorption experiments 35 2.5 Controlled TMP experiment 36 2.6 Perfusion culture with a modified harvest system and a peristaltic pump system 36 2.7 Measurement of TMP during the operation of ATF system 38 2.8 FVIII activity and antigen assay 39 2.9 vWF antigen assay 39 2.10 Statistical analysis 39 Chapter III. Study of the effect of transmembrane pressure on Factor VIII yield in ATF perfusion culture 3.1 Comparison of cell growth and FVIII production 42 3.2 Effect of storage temperature on FVIII:C recovery yield 43 3.3 Effect of the adsorption of FVIII molecule onto the container surface on FVIII:C recovery yield 46 3.4 Effect of the retention of FVIII:Ag by the hollow fiber filter on FVIII:C recovery yield 48 3.5 Retention of FVIII:Ag by dead-end filtration 50 3.6 Effect of the pore size of hollow fiber filter on FVIII:C recovery yield 50 3.7 Effect of TMP on FVIII:C recovery yield, FVIII:Ag yield, and vWF:Ag yield 52 3.8 Conclusions 56 Chapter IV. Development of a modified harvest system 4.1 Theoretical background 59 4.2 Peristaltic pump harvest system 60 4.3 TMP in the peristaltic pump harvest system 62 4.4 Effect of the pump speed on TMP in the peristaltic pump harvest system 64 4.5 Importance of the occlusion of the silicone tubing in the peristaltic harvest system 64 4.6 Design of the modified harvest system 65 4.6.1 Check valve 67 4.6.2 Pinch valve 67 4.6.3 Timer 68 4.7 Determination of the pinch valve off-time 74 4.8 TMP in the modified harvest system 74 4.9 Comparison of the TMP of the peristaltic pump harvest system and of the modified harvest system 76 4.10 Conclusions 82 Chapter V. Application of the modified harvest system to ATF perfusion culture 5.1 Cell growth and FVIII production 84 5.2 Analysis of recovery and product yield 86 5.3 Analysis of FVIII:Ag and vWF:Ag yield 86 5.4 Conclusions 87 Chapter VI. Conclusions and recommendations 91 References 95 Abstract in Korean 104Docto

    Schleiermacher's View of Religion - On the Essence of Relgion

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    ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์–‘์ด์˜จ์˜ ์—ญํ• 

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    (An) initial histologic study on molar intrusion of cat with the usage of permanent magnet

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์น˜๋ถ€ intrusion์˜ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  resin bite plane์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท  ์ฒด์ค‘ 2.2k9์ธ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜์—ด ์™„์„ฑ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด 10๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ต๋ฒ•์˜ direct bonding system์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 12โˆผ14์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ์ทจํ•˜์—์„œ vertical chin strap์„ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  5์ผ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์œก, ๊ด‘ํ•™ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๊ทผ๋‹จ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. resin bite plane์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์™€ ํŒŒ๊ณจ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์น˜๊ทผ๋ง‰ ์„ฌ์œ ๋Š” ์น˜๊ทผ๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์„ค์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์น˜๊ทผ๋ง‰ ์„ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํŒŒ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๊ทผ๋‹จ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Utilizing the repelling force of permanent magnet of find out weather it shows the findings of molar intrusion histologically and compares the result with the resin bite plane. As for the experimental animals, 10 cats of completion of permanent dentition with mean weight of 2.2kg which have flat occlusal plane of molar areas were used. I raised the cats under the condition of their being attached with manufactured appliance by direct bonding system and of their wearing vertical chin strap anesthetized for 12-14 hours per day through 5 days. Then, observing the root apex areas with lightmicroscope. The results were as follows; 1. In the group with resin bite plane, osteoblasts and osteoclasts could not find out but could find out periodontal ligment fiber obliquely angulated in the apical and lingual direction. 2. In the group with the permanent magnet, not only the obliquely angulated periodontal ligament fiber but also the osteoclasts at the apical areas were observed.restrictio

    Complete characterization of ultrafast optical fields by phase-preserving nonlinear autocorrelation

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    ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ, ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ : ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ, ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ, ์‹ ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์˜ ์ ์‘์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆํ•™ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์ง€์นจ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ›„ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์›๋‚ด์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์ง€์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ, ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 453์นจ์„ ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ . ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์ ์ •์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๋ณธ์›์˜ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ, ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์˜์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : 2002๋…„์— ์ด๋Œ€๋ชฉ๋™๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ 26์˜ˆ(์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ14์˜ˆ, ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 61์˜ˆ, ์‹ ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 61์˜ˆ)์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ :์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ, ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ์˜ ๋ถ€์ ์ •์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ2.8%, 4.9% ๋ฐ 44.3%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 14์˜ˆ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์‹คํ˜ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 73์˜ˆ์™€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 71์˜ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ2์˜ˆ์”ฉ์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ •์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 61์˜ˆ๋Š” ๊ณจ์ˆ˜๋ถ€์ „์—์„œ์˜์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 32์˜ˆ์™€ ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์—์„œ์˜ 13์˜ˆ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑํŒŒ์ข…์„ฑ์‘๊ณ ์ฆ์—์„œ์˜ 6์˜ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ ์‘์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์ถœํ˜ˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ 3์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ ์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ 61์˜ˆ ์ค‘ 34์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์ฆ ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜์— ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 16์˜ˆ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํŒŒ์ข…์„ฑํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋‚ด ์‘๊ณ ์ฆ 1์˜ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ 7์˜ˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ . 27์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์ฆ ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜์— ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ์—†์ด PT๋งŒ ์—ฐ์žฅ๋œ 8์˜ˆ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ 10์˜ˆ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ 9์˜ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค
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