A case of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma mimicking refractory Behçet's disease

ope

Predictors of Turnover among New Nurses using Multilevel Survival Analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing new graduate nurse turnover. METHODS: This study was carried out as a secondary analysis of data from the 2010 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). A total of 323 nurses were selected for analysis concerning reasons for turnover. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multilevel survival analysis. RESULTS: About 24.5% of new nurses left their first job within 1 year of starting their jobs. Significant predictors of turnover among new nurse were job status, monthly income, job satisfaction, the number of hospitals in region, and the number of nurses per 100 beds. CONCLUSION: New graduate nurses are vulnerable to turnover. In order to achieve the best health of the nation, policy approaches and further studies regarding reducing new graduate nurse turnover are needed.ope

세포 및 생체에서의 비소 독성

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 수의학과(수의병인생물학 및 예방수의학(환경위생학)전공), 2015. 8. 류덕영.Arsenic is an environmental pollutant, and its toxicity has long been recognized. Arsenic has been associated with cancers of the skin, bladder, lung, kidney, and liver as well as with noncancerous conditions, diabetes and hepatopathy. Arsenic acts on cells through a variety of mechanisms, influencing numerous signal transduction pathways. It induces a variety of cellular effects such as apoptosis, growth inhibition, promotion or inhibition of differentiation and angiogenesis. Arsenic-induced responses vary depending on cell type, dose and its chemical form. In the present study, the effect of arsenic on liver protein expression was analyzed by a proteomic approach in monkeys. Monkeys were orally administered sodium arsenite (SA) for 28 days. The 2D-PAGE in combination with MS showed that the expression levels of 16 proteins were quantitatively changed in SA treated monkey livers compared to those of control-treated monkey. Specifically, the levels of two proteins, mortalin and tubulin beta chain, were significantly increased, and decreased were 14 proteins including plastin-3, cystathionine-beta-synthase, selenium-binding protein 1, annexin A6, alpha-enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-M, erlin-2, and arginase-1. With regards to their functional roles, differential expression of these proteins may contribute to arsenic-induced liver toxicity, including cell death and carcinogenesis. Among the 16 identified proteins, four were selected for validation by Western blot and immunohistochemistry and many changes in the abundance of the toxicity-related proteins were also demonstrated in SA-treated human hepatoma HepG2 cells. In addition, to examine the involvement of c-Met and PI3K pathways in the SA-induced down-regulation of catalase, expression levels of catalase mRNA and protein were analyzed in HepG2 cells treated with SA and either an inhibitor of c-Met (PHA665752 (PHA)) or of PI3K (LY294002 (LY)). SA treatment markedly activated Akt and decreased the expression levels of both catalase mRNA and protein. Both PHA and LY attenuated SA-induced activation of Akt. PHA and LY treatment also prevented the inhibitory effect of SA on catalase protein expression but did not affect the level of catalase mRNA. These findings suggest that SA-induced inhibition of catalase expression is regulated at the mRNA and post-transcriptional levels in HepG2 cells, and that the post-transcriptional regulation is mediated via c-Met- and PI3K-dependent mechanisms. Arsenic is also known as an anticancer agent. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) was reported to induce remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used clinically to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, but is less effective in solid tumors because the doses required to exert anti-cancer effects are extremely high. It is important to identify the mechanism associated with anti-cancer effects of ATO to reduce the side effects caused by high dose. This study was performed to elucidate the role of down-regulated Akt in the cell death induced by high dose ATO treatment. High-dose ATO caused a marked suppression of Akt expression in human cancer cell lines, including HepG2, HCT116, HeLa, and PC3 cells. In HepG2 cells, ATO induced apoptosis, which was prevented by pre-treatment with antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid. Antioxidants attenuated the inhibitory effects of ATO on Akt expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Down-regulation of Akt expression by ATO extended the suppression of Akt phosphorylation, and then activates GSK3β function by decreasing its phosphorylation. GSK3β silencing using GSK3β-specific siRNA effectively prevented ATO-induced apoptosis, suggesting that activation of GSK3β via the suppression of Akt phosphorylation was critical in the ATO-induced apoptosis. The results indicate that GSK3β may be expected to become a new approach to use ATO for the treatment of solid tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study about the arsenic-induced regulation of proteins with their critical roles may provide the specific mechanisms underlying SA-induced toxicity. Moreover, comprehensive study on the biology of ATO could help in developing ATO-based therapeutic interventions against solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma.ABSTRACT LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction 2. Arsenic metabolism 3. Arsenic-induced toxicity 4. Carcinogenesis 5. Anticancer activity 6. Conclusion 7. References CHAPTER Ⅰ. ARSENITE-INDUCED CHANGES IN HEPATIC PROTEIN ABUNDANCE IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS (MACACA FASCICULARIS) 1. Introduction 2. Material and methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. References CHAPTER Ⅱ. INVOLVEMENT OF C-MET- AND PHOSPHATIDYL-INOSITOL 3-KINASE DEPENDENT PATHWAYS IN ARSENITE-INDUCED DOWN REGULATION OF CATALASE IN HEPATOMA CELLS 1. Introduction 2. Material and methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. References CHAPTER Ⅲ. HIGH-DOSE ARSENIC TRIOXIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS THROUGH AKT-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF GSK3β 1. Introduction 2. Material and methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. References ABSTRACT IN KOREAN (국문초록)Docto

CD56-Negative Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type, with Extranasal Cutaneous Involvement

ope

Estimation of effects of factors related to preschooler body mass index using quantile regression model

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean preschoolers' obesity-related factors through an ecological approach and to identify Korean preschoolers' obesity-related factors and the different effects of ecological variables on body mass index and its quantiles through an ecological approach. METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional. Through convenience sampling, 241 cases were collected from three kindergartens and seven nurseries in the Seoul metropolitan area and Kyunggi Province in April 2013 using self-administered questionnaires from preschoolers' mothers and homeroom teachers. RESULTS: Results of ordinary least square regression analysis show that mother's sedentary behavior (p < .001), sedentary behavior parenting (p = .039), healthy eating parenting (p = .027), physical activity-related social capital (p = .029) were significant factors of preschoolers' body mass index. While in the 5% body mass index distribution group, gender (p = .031), preference for physical activity (p = .015), mother's sedentary behavior parenting (p = .032), healthy eating parenting (p = .005), and teacher's sedentary behavior (p = .037) showed significant influences. In the 25% group, the effects of gender and preference for physical activity were no longer significant. In the 75% and 95% group, only mother's sedentary behavior showed a statistically significant influence (p < .001, p = .012 respectively). CONCLUSION: Efforts to lower the obesity rate of preschoolers should focus on their environment, especially on the sedentary behavior of mothers, as mothers are the main nurturers of this age group.ope

Predictors of Quality of Life among Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren: An Ecological Approach

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting quality of life among grandparents raising their grandchildren. Methods : This study carried out a secondary analysis of data from the 2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) and Statistics Korea. Data collected from 224 grandparents who reported raising their grandchildren were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficient, and multilevel regression analysis. Results : The mean score of the participants' quality of life was 62.63. Significant predictors of quality of life of the grandparents included subjective health status, last year's total house income, number of last year's travels, frequency of last year's movie seeing, and number of children's parks per 100,000 population. Conclusion : These results suggest that public health nurses in improving quality of life of grandparents focus on children's parks and formal social supports as community factors as well as regular exercise as an individual factor in order to be more effective.ope

Analysis of Factors Affecting Unmet Healthcare Needs of Married Immigrant Women

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the unmet healthcare needs of married immigrant women. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis using data from the 2009 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Data collected from 58,735 married immigrant women who had spouses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results: Overall, 9.9% of married immigrant women have unmet healthcare needs. The significant predictors related to unmet healthcare needs were young age, high level of education, employed, country of origin, long period of residence, low income, uninsured, urban area, low level of subjective health status, and illness experience over past two weeks. In particular, four variables (long period of residence, low income, subjective health status, and illness experience over past two weeks) significantly predicted unmet healthcare needs for women from all countries of origin. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that common predictors related to unmet healthcare needs of married immigrant women are a long period of residence, low income, subjective health status, and illness experience over past two weeks. Therefore intervention strategies to decrease unmet healthcare needs should focus on these significant predictors.ope

Comparison of Preventive Health Behaviors in Adults Aged 50~64 in Korea and the United States

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare Preventive Health Behaviors (PHBs) in adults in Korea and the United States and identify factors influencing PHBs. Methods This was a secondary data analysis study using data from the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2008 USA Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The PHBs were predicted using multiple linear regression analysis. Results 1) The total score of PHBs was significantly higher in American males (5.11) than in Korean males (4.78). There was also a significant difference between Korean females' total score (6.57) and American females'(6.75). 2) Age, marriage, monthly income, subjective health status, and cardiovascular disease were significant factors of PHBs in Korean males (p<.001). However, age, marriage, education, monthly income, health insurance, subjective health status, and cardiovascular disease were significant factors in American males (p<.001). In Korean females, only age and education were significant predictors (p<.001). However, six variables(age, marriage, education, monthly income, health insurance, and subjective health status) were significant predictors in American females (p<.001). Conclusion There were different variables in predicting PHBs between Koreans and Americans. Each country should focus on those significant predictors to promote the PHBs for adults.ope

A Study on Gender Differences in Influencing Factors of Office Workers' Physical Activity

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in effects of self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and demographic factors on the physical activity. Methods Seventy sedentary office workers, 35 male and 35 female, from a major airline company, completed a questionnaire from March 28 to April 5, 2012. Steps and body mass indices were measured using a CW-700/701 (Yamax) pedometer and Inbody 720 (Biospace), respectively. Data were analyzed using t-test, χ2-test, multiple linear regression, and simultaneous quantile regression. Results For male workers, exercise self-efficacy had a significant effect on physical activity, but only when respondents were at 10%(3,431 steps/day, p=.018) and 25%(4,652 steps/day, p=.044) of the physical activity distribution. For female workers, marital status was significantly related to physical activity, but only when respondents were at 10% (3,537 steps/day, p=.013) and 25%(3,862 steps/day, p=.014) of the physical activity distribution. Conclusion Quantile regression highlights the heterogeneous effect of physical activity determinants among office workers. Therefore intervention strategies for increasing physical activity should be tailed to genders as well as physical activity levels.ope

Eccrine Squamous Syringometaplasia of Underlying Syringoma Associated with Tegafur/Gimeracil/Oteracil (TS-1)

ope