대외원조가 소득불평등에 미치는 영향

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제협력전공), 2021. 2. 김종섭.This study contributes to the empirical understanding of aid effectiveness by examining the effect of foreign aid on income inequality in recipient countries. Impact of aid on income inequality has been little studied despite the importance of the topic in terms of aid effectiveness. This study utilizes both Pooled OLS estimation and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method for a panel of 156 countries covering the period 1997-2018. Data on inequality is extracted from the United Nations World Income Inequality Database (WIID). The results indicate that foreign aid itself, controlling for other variables, has negative effect on income inequality at a statistically significant level, and the results are robust. Institutional variables, the level of democracy and control of corruption are also incorporated to discern the mechanism between foreign aid and institutions. The results show that institutional variables have positive correlation with income inequality. This implies that foreign aid may offset the equalizing effect of good institutions, although overall, the negative (equalizing) effect of foreign aid on income inequality remains.본 연구는 대외원조가 수원국의 소득불평등에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 대외원조가 수원국의 경제성장에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증적 연구는 많이 있는데 반해, 소득불평등에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어지지 않은 상황이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 해당 효과를 알아보기 위해 기획하였다. 1997~2018년 World Income Inequality Database (WIID) 자료를 활용하여 패널자료를 통해 분석한 결과, 대외원조는 소득불평등을 해소하는 효과를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 거버넌스를 측정할 수 있는 민주주의 수준 정도와 부패 지수를 통제 변수로 넣어서 추가적으로 분석한 결과, 원조를 받는 수원국에서는 굿 거버넌스가 소득불평등을 해소하는 효과가 상쇄되어 오히려 악화시킬 수도 있는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 추정결과는 원조의 소득불평등 해소라는 긍정적인 측면을 확인하는 반면, 동시에 원조의 개발효과성을 제고하기 위해서 대외원조가 수원국의 거버넌스 측면에 미칠 요소를 세밀하게 고려하여 원조전략을 수립할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.I. Introduction 1 II. Background 3 2.1. Definition of ODA 3 2.2. Modernization of ODA 5 2.3. Definition of Foreign Aid 8 III. Literature Review 10 3.1. Foreign Aid and Growth 10 3.2. Foreign Aid and Governance 11 3.3. Foreign Aid and Inequality 13 IV. Empirical Framework 16 4.1. The Model 16 4.2. The Data 17 4.3. Empirical Methodology 22 V. Empirical Results 23 5.1. Pooled OLS Estimations 23 5.2. Dynamic Panel Data Approach 26 5.3. Robustness Checks 29 VI. Conclusion 32 References 35 Appendices 45 Abstract (Korean) 50Maste

Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with dyslipidemia in Korean adults aged 50 years and older: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011

Background: In this study, we investigated the relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations with the risk of dyslipidemia in Korean adults aged 50 years and older, by using the most recent available Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data. Methods: The sample of this population-based cross-sectional study consisted of 467 Korean adults who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 2011. Participants who were taking lipid medications were excluded. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with radioimmunoassay, and serum PTH concentrations were measured with chemiluminescence assay. Results: The median concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and PTH for the entire group were 17.25 ng/mL and 65.07 pg/mL, respectively. In logistic regression analyses, the serum 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations were not significantly associated with the risk of dyslipidemia after adjustment for age, region, income, education level, smoking status, alcohol intake, and physical activity (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations are not independently associated with serum lipid levels or an increased risk of dyslipidemia in the Korean population ≥ 50 years.ope

The Association between Atopic Dermatitis and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adults: The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2012

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions, which often cause depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal, and stigmatization. METHODS: In total, 23,442 subjects (434 AD patients and 23,008 control subjects) aged 19 years or older and without a history of major medical illness or depressive disorders were selected from The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. Following the initial selection, 2,170 age- and sex-matched control subjects were selected using 1:5 propensity score matching. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the presence of depressive symptoms of at least 2 weeks in duration. RESULTS: The demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics of AD patients and control subjects were presented and compared, and some variables differed significantly between groups. Presence of depressive symptoms was set as dependent variable, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed as follows: (1) unadjusted; (2) with alcohol use, exercise status, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) adjusted for; and (3) with alcohol use, exercise status, smoking status, marital status, occupation, BMI, total caloric intake, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes mellitus adjusted for. Depressive symptoms were significantly higher (odds ratios, 1.46, 1.40, and 1.36; 95% confidence intervals, 1.09-1.95, 1.0.4-1.88, and 1.01-1.85, respectively) in AD patients relative to those of matched controls. CONCLUSION: AD and clinical depression interact closely, and causal relationships between the two conditions have frequently been observed. Physicians should consider mental health interventions cautiously. It is particularly important that primary care physicians provide comprehensive, continuous long-term care.ope

저속 천수에서 조종성능 추정을 위한 조종 운동 방정식

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :조선해양공학과,2006.Maste

Studies on the water qualities of natural mineral waters and spring waters in Korea

환경공학전공/석사[한글]국내에서 시판되는 먹는 샘물은 71개의 국내업체와 48개의 수입업체에서 공급하고 있다. 또한, 먹는 물 공동 시설의 수는 약 1,800개소에 달하며 이중 관리를 하고 있지 않는 시설까지 포함한다면 그 수는 3,500개소 이상 달한다. 현재 먹는 샘물과 먹는 물 공동 시설은 각각 51개 항목과 48개 항목에 대해 수질을 측정하여 관리하고 있으며, 일반적으로 안심하고 먹을 수 있는 물로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 9개의 먹는 샘물과, 원주 지역 및 부산 지역의 먹는 물 공동 시설을 대상으로 수질 현황 및 관리 방안에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다.먹는 샘물의 경우, 7개의 음이온에 대해 조사를 한 결과, 모든 항목에서 수질 기준을 만족하여 원수 수질이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 지속적인 원수의 관리 및 제조 공정 시설의 안정성을 유지하여야 할 것으로 판단한다.2000년에서 2004년까지 먹는 물 공동 시설의 수질 검사 결과, 먹는 물에 부적합 판정을 받은 시설은 약 16%로 나타났다. 또한, 3/4분기에는 부적합율이 30%를 초과하여, 다른 분기에 비해 하절기에 수질이 나빠지는 것으로 조사되었다. 부적합시설에 대해 분석결과 기준항목 기준치를 초과하는 항목은 대개 미생물 항목과 질산성 질소로 나타났다. 부적합 판정을 받은 시설 중 기준 초과 항목은 90% 이상이 미생물 항목이었다. 먹는 물 공동 시설 대부분은 녹지 지역에 위치하고 있으며, 공장지대와 떨어진 곳에 위치하고 있다. 따라서, 먹는 물 공동 시설의 오염은 주변 공장지역이나 하천수의 수질 오염 등으로 오염되는 것이 아니라 먹는 물 공동 시설의 주변 환경에 의한 오염이 주된 원인이라고 판단된다.다음은 NO3--N가 차지하였는데, 질산성 질소는 6개월 이하의 유아에게 청색증을 유발할 수 있다. 질산염과 같은 물질이 유입된 경우, 이온성 물질이 증가하여 물 속의 용존고형물(TDS)의 농도도 높게 되며 물맛을 나쁘게 만든다. 질산성 질소의 유입은 시설 주변에 분뇨, 비료 및 축산 페수의 유입으로 인한 것으로 판단한다.ⅵ먹는 물 공동 시설에서 안심하고 먹을 수 있기 위해서는 먹는 물 공동 시설에 대한 주변 청결과 동물의 배설, 쓰레기 등의 적절한 처리가 이루어져야 한다. 또한, 사용자의 청결의식과 정부의 먹는 물 공동 시설의 주기적인 수질 검사를 통한 체계적이고 효율적인 관리가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단한다. [영문]The natural mineral waters in Korea are provided by 71 domestic and 48 foreign companies. Public spring water facilities managed by the government were 1800. In order to evaluate the water qualities, these waters are regularly analyzed by law. The 51 items for the natural water and the 48 items for the spring waters are strictly enforced to satisfy the drinking water standards. In the thesis, water qualities for these waters are investigated and the proper management methods are suggested.In the case of natural mineral waters, 9 companies were selected and 7 anions are analyzed for the products. The results show that all products satisfied the water standards. Therefore, the proper management for the water source and production process have shown to be undergoing up to date. In order to keep the water safe for the consumers, strict supervision including the accumulation of water qualities data should be necessary.The 9 public spring waters located in Wonju were evaluated. The results show that nearly 16% of the facilities operated from 2000 to 2004 were not satisfied as a drinking water. Especially, the water qualities were deteriorated during the summer season, resulting 30% were shown to be inadequate as a drinking water. The unsatisfied items were mainly the bacteria and nitrate. More specifically, the 90% of unsatisfied facilities were due to the abundance of bacteria. In Korea, the most of public spring water facilities are located in "green" areas, which are normally isolated from industrial zones. Accordingly, the pollution would come from the surroundings other than the factories.The second item to exceed the water quality standard was NO3--N. This can be a primary cause of cyanosis in the children of less than 6-month-old. When nitrates are introduced to the water source, total dissolved solids can be increased, resulting a foul taste. The primary source of nitrate would be fertilizers and live-stock wastes near the facilities.In order for spring water to keep safe enough for drinking, livestock, garbage and other factors leading to pollution must be removed from the surroundings of the public drinking water facilities. Moreover effective maintenance of spring water facilities through continuous monitoring by government agencies as well as a meticulously compete understanding of "cleanliness" by the users of the facilities should be enforced.ope

유아의 음악적성에 영향을 미치는 가정환경 변인에 대한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :협동과정 음악교육전공,2006.Maste