Protective effects of physostigmine or neostigmine against parathion toxicity

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :약학과 위생화학전공,2002.Docto

말브랑슈의 필연적 연결의 부재 (No Necessary Connection) 논증에 대한 고찰

기회원인론은 종종 데카르트 이원론의 심신상호작용 문제를 해결하기 위한 임시방편으로 제시된 것처럼 소개되곤 한다. 전적으로 상이한 실체인 정신과 물체의 상호작용을 설명하기 위해 기계장치의 신(deus ex machina)을 도입했다는 것이다. 그러나 기회원인론은 단순히 이원론적인 체계에서 서로 다른 종류의 실체 간의 상호작용에 대한 특수한 문제를 해결하기 위해 도입되었던 이론은 아니다. 그보다는 당대의 철학적 배경 안에서 인과 관계의 본성에 대한 전반적인 철학적 숙고를 통해 구성된 것이었다. 전능한 신이 세계를 창조했을 뿐 아니라 피조물들의 존재를 계속 해서 유지하고 있다는 신학적 전제는 17세기 당시의 그리스도교 신학자들과 유신론적 철학자들 사이에 널리 공유되고 있던 생각으로서 자연에서의 인과 작용에 대한 논의의 배경을 이루고 있었다. 말브랑슈는 이러한 철학적 환경 속에서, 특별히 자연의 대상들이 어떤 본성이나 힘, 또는 활동의 내적인 원리와 같은 것을 가진다는 아리스토텔레스주의적인 자연 이해를 논박하고자 했다. 그는 데카르트주의에서의 실체들에 대한 분석과 인과 관계의 본성에 대한 철학적 숙고를 통해, 자연의 과정에서 오로지 신만이 진정한 원인이고 피조물들은 기껏해야 기회원인일 뿐이라는 결론을 끌어낸다

가족구조와 사회적 요소가 우리나라 청소년의 흡연 진행단계에 미치는 영향

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 보건대학원 : 보건학과 보건학 전공, 2016. 2. 조성일.Introduction : High adolescent smoking prevalence has been remained as a major challenge in public health area worldwide. Although adolescent smoking rates in Korea have consistently declined over the past decade, 14% of male students and 4% of female students from both middle and high school reported as current smokers in 2014. To elicit effective prevention of adolescent smoking, differentiated strategies should be applied according to the smoking stages where adolescent are currently in. Family structure, socioeconomic status, and interpersonal factors such as friends, family smoking and connectedness are important predictors of adolescent smoking behavior. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the association of social influences with each stages of adolescent smoking behavior. Methods : The nationwide data were obtained from the 10th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys (KYRBS) in 2014. The data from total 70,135 adolescents aged from 12-18 were analyzed. Smoking stages were categorized into three stages which are never smoker, tried/experimenter, and regular/daily smoker. Family structure, interpersonal factors such as friends and family smoking and connectedness, and lastly socioeconomic status were included as independent factors. To examine the association between adolescents smoking status and independent factors, frequency analysis, Chi-square test, multinomial logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. For multinomial logistic regression, gender and school type stratification were used. Results : Male subjects in middle school were relatively more dependent on family related factors, while female in both middle and general high school were more dependent on family related factors than vocational high school students in general. For middle school students in broken families increased the likelihood of being tried/experimenter or current smoker than in two parent families for both gender. Family smokers and peer smokers increased the risk of smoking initiation and regular/daily smoking. Parents, siblings and grandparents smokers affect the adolescents smoking status especially for middle school students. Also middle school male students who mostly get advice from parents showed decrease in the risk across all stages. In contrast, for male, friends advising increased the risk across all stages regardless of school type. The effects of siblings advising, however, showed inverse association by gender. Fathers education level had significant association with smoking status for both male and female in middle school. Moreover, peer smoking was the most salient predictor of regular/daily smoking transition regardless of gender and school type. For male, smoking friends increased the risk of being tried/experimenter by 4 times compare to never smoker. Besides, the risk of being regular/daily smoker was about 12 times greater than that of being tried/experimenter, and the effects were greater for female. Conclusion : Family can be either protective or risk factor on adolescents smoking behavior. As the study results show, connectedness to parents decreases risk of smoking initiation and escalation to regular/daily smoking. Prevention programs should address smoking parents or other smoking family members such as siblings and grandparents about the adverse consequences of their own smoking behavior on adolescents. Besides, since peer smoking is the most salient factor on smoking transition, intervention should be more reinforced on peer groups rather than family members. Therefore, strengthen the connectedness with parents or mentorship programs along with the monitoring and educating peer smoking groups may elicit effective implication to decrease and prevent tobacco use.Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Literature review 5 1.3 Objectives 9 Ⅱ. METHODS 10 2.1 Data sources 10 2.2 Measures 11 2.3 Study hypothesis 16 2.4 Statistical analysis 17 Ⅲ. RESULTS 19 3.1 Demographics 19 3.2 Distribution of related factors by smoking stage 22 3.3 Association between related factors and smoking status 27 3.4 Multinomial logistic regression by gender and school type 33 3.5 Multiple logistic regression for each stage transition by gender 44 Ⅳ. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 47 4.1 Discussion 47 4.2 Conclusion 57 REFERENCES 59 ABSTRACT(KOREAN) 63Maste

비퇴화 레비 형식을 갖는 코시-리만 다양체 상에서 정의된 사상의 연장과 스칼라 불편량

Thesis (doctoral)--서울대학교 대학원 :수학과,1998.Docto

Effects of Coke Ash on Silicon Transfer in Hot Metal

Maste

Resistance exercise based on Physical activity degree Relationship between participation level and metabolic syndrome

건강증진교육학과/석사Background and Purpose : Many mechanical researches talk about relationship between physical activity or resistance exercise and metabolic syndrome. However, there are little researches for studying relationship of aerobic exercise and physical activity, so it is inevitable to look at Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in order to understand the relationship of resistance exercise degree based on physical activity and metabolic syndrome. Method : In 40-75 years adults(male 3,394 people, female 4,567 people) of objects Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ⅳ (2007-2009 year) date and Ⅴ(2010 year), cross-sectional study analyzing on participation level of Resistance exercise by level of Physical activity and relevance of Metabolic syndrome is progressed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).Result : For the women, when resistance exercise conducts three times per a week, HEPA active’s prevalence rate is 17.9% which is lower 29.6% than the group has not conducted resistance exercise. Also, HEPA active are conducted the resistance exercise five times per a week after adjustment of age, smoking, drinking, total kcal per day, education, an income level, MET, and BMI has corrected and their odds rate could belong to metabolic syndrome was 0.62(OR 95% CI 0.42-0.90) than the group has not the exercise. Conclusoin : Prospective study needs to study the relationship between resistance exercise and metabolic syndrome, in order to make it more visible that physical activity having resistance exercise is more beneficial to low the danger of metabolic syndrome.ope

A Study on the preparation of γ-Alumina for high temperature catalyst support

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :금속공학과,1995.Docto