33 research outputs found

    Gฮฑ12 Subfamily ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒฐ์† ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ COX-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„์—์„œ์˜ Gฮฑ12 ๋ฐ Gฮฑ13์˜ ์—ญํ• 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2004.Maste

    New recommender system for web personalization

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    Thesis (doctoral)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ,2001.Docto

    Survey for health care needs of premature baby at home

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    ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 2000. 1. 1โˆผ2000. 9. 30 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ถœ์ƒ์•„ ์ค‘ ์ถœ์ƒ์‹œ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด 2,500๏ฝ‡๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ €์ฒด์ค‘์•„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์‹  37์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ „๊ตญ 242๊ฐœ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ ๋‹น 3๋ช…์”ฉ ๊ฐœ์›”๋ณ„๋กœ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ 726๋ช… ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ํ˜‘์กฐํ•œ 534๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ž๋ณด๊ฑด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘๋ฉด์ ‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์ค‘ ์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ด์ƒ์•„๋Š” 55๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 10.4%์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์Œํƒœ์•„ ์ด์ƒ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋Š” 17.0%, ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹œ ์ด์ƒ๋ถ„๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 59.7%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ ์ค‘ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ž…์›๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 35.2์ผ, ์ž…์›๋น„์šฉ์€(๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด) 179๋งŒ์›, ์™ธ๋ž˜์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ 6ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์˜ 28.4%, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 18.6%, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฐ์ด 75.0%, ์œ ์‚ฐ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 29.0%, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 27.4%, ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 2.7%, ์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ด์ƒ์•„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 1.7%, ์ž„์‹ ์ „ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋Š” 12.7%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ์‚ฐ์ „์ง„์ฐฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž„์‹  9์ฃผ ์ดํ›„๊ฐ€ 17.6%, ์ž„์‹ ์ค‘ ์ด์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ข…๊ณผ ์งˆ์ถœํ˜ˆ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 29.9%, 21.9%, ์ž„์‹ ์ค‘ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋Š” 32.6%, ์ž„์‹ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณต์šฉ์€ 52.5%, ์ž„์‹ ์ค‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์ƒํƒœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 24.3%, ์Œ์ฃผ๋น„์œจ์€ 9.7%, ํก์—ฐ๋น„์œจ์€ 1.3% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์• ๋กœ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€, ์ถœ์ƒ์งํ›„์™€ ๋ณ‘์› ์ž…์› ์ค‘์—๋Š” '๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ยท๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ณ ํ†ต'์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‡ด์›์งํ›„์—๋Š” '์œก์•„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€'์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›”๋ น์—์„œ '์‹ ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€'์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ด์œ ์‹๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•' 62.1%, '์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉยท๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์‚ฌํ•ญยท์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ' 60,6%, '์งˆ์‹์‚ฌ ๋Œ์—ฐ์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ' 57.4%, '๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์›' 55.5%, '์œก์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ƒ๋‹ด์š”๊ตฌ' 51.6%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” '์ด์œ ์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•', ์‹œ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” '์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ', ๋†์ดŒ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” '์•„๊ธฐ ์˜์–‘์ œ ๋ณด๊ธ‰'์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์›”๋ น๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ƒํ›„ 1โˆผ2๊ฐœ์›”๊ณผ 3โˆผ4๊ฐœ์›”์—์„œ๋Š” '์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ', 5โˆผ6๊ฐœ์›”๊ณผ 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ด์œ ์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•'์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ตฐ(์ƒ์œ„75%์ด์ƒ)๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ตฐ(ํ•˜์œ„25%์ด๋‚ด)์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ตฐ์ด ์ถœ์ƒ์‹œ ํ‰๊ท ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ (p<0.05), ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.005), ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ (p<0.005), ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‚ฐํ›„๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ(p<0.005) ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ๋ฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „์ฒด ์š”๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ์œ„ 5๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ '์ด์œ ์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•', '์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์‚ฌํ•ญ', '์งˆ์‹์‚ฌ ๋Œ์—ฐ์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ', '์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์›', '์œก์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ƒ๋‹ด' ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์š”๊ตฌ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ '์งˆ์‹์‚ฌ ๋Œ์—ฐ์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‚ฐํ›„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋น„์š”๊ตฌ๊ตฐ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.005), '๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์›'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ถœ์ƒ์‹œ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณผ ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ (p<0.005), ์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.05), ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(p<0.005). ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. '์œก์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹ด'์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ ์›”๋ น์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ (3๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฏธ๋งŒ), ์žฌ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์š”๊ตฌ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(p<0.05). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ํ‡ด์› ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ‘์›, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์กฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‡ด์› ํ›„์—๋„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ธ์ง€์ •๋„๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study is to obtain data to develop an effective management and health care program for premature babies by identifying health and social characteristics and health care service needs of premature babies and their mothers. The subjects of this study were babies born between January 1 and September 30, 2000 whose weights at birth were less than 2,500 grams or who were prematurely born prior to 37th week of gestation. The data was gathered from 534 subjects out of 726 babies who were randomly selected from 242 public heath centers(3 samples from each health center) located nationwide. The instrument used to measure the health care services needs of premature babies was questionnaire presented to the mothers of premature babies. The questionnaires were completed in accordance with face-to-face interviews conducted by health center workers. The collected data was analyzed by employing SPSS statistical program. The result of the study is as follows: First, among the premature babies, 55 babies(10.4%) were afflicted by congenital abnormality. Some 17% of the mothers had twins or more and abnormal delivery accounted for 59.7%. Second, regarding health and medical management of premature babies and their mothers, the average period of hospitalization was 35.2 days; the average medical cost(charged to patients) was 1,790,000 won; the proportion those who made of the cases 6 or more outpatient hospital visits was 28.4%; the proportion of premature babies with sickness or symptoms of disorder was 18.6%; some 75% of the mothers had a experience of with normal parturation; those with experience of miscarriage were 29.0%; those with a experiences of premature baby accounted for 27.4%; experiences with neonatal death were 2.7%; experiences with congenitally abnormal babies were 1.7%; the mothers who had experienced illness prior to pregnancy were 12.7%; the percentage of initial hospital visit made on after 9th week of gestation was 17.6%. Regarding the abnormal symptoms during pregnancy, cases of edema and virginal bleeding accounted for 29.9% and 21.9% respectively, cases of complication during pregnancy were 32.6%, the medicated during pregnancy were 52.5%, 24.3% had a experience of being in critical condition during pregnancy. Cases of drinking during pregnancy accounted for 9.7%, and cases of smoking during pregnancy were 1.3%. Third, the most difficult of the premature care at the time of birth and during hospitalization was psychological and financial burden of the family, and infant care was the most burdensome problem at the time of hospital discharge. All mothers were concerned as to whether the babies would have normal development physically and mentally. Fourth, among the health care service needs of premature babies, the most frequently needs were ; weaning method(62,1%), complication from vaccination, contraindication and caution(60.6%), prevention from asphyxia/sudden infant death syndrome(57.4%), financial support of medical expenses for premature babies(55.5%), consultation request for stress from premature care(51.6%). Based on mothers living in region, what was needed most for metropolitan mothers was weaning method, small and medium sized cities called for ways to prevent complication from vaccination, contraindication and caution, and rural community mothers were in need of nutritional supplies for their premature babies. Based on the age of infants, they want to prevent complication from vaccination in case of 1-2 months and 3-4 months and to learn weaning method in case of 5-6 months and more over. Fifth, based on the comparison of characteristics of premature babies and their mothers between the group with high level of needs in health care(upper 75% and higher) and low level of needs in health care(lower 25% and lower), for the group with high level of needs in health care, the average weight of babies at birth was low(p<0.005), gestation period was short(p<0.005), financial condition was low(p<0.005), and the group with poor postpartum health condition of the mothers(p<0.005) showed high level of needs for health care. There were significant statistical differences across these findings. The top five needs were learning weaning method, complication prevention from vaccination/ contraindication, prevention from asphyxia/ sudden infant death syndrome, financial support, and consultation for stress from premature care. This particular part of the research is devoted to find out characteristic differences of premature babies and their mothers between "request group" and "no-request group" on the basis of the five needs mentioned. For the need of prevention from asphyxia/sudden infant death syndrome, the proportion of no-request group was high in the group with good postpartum health condition of the mothers. For the request for financial support for premature babies, the proportion of request group was high(p<0.005) in the group with low weight at birth, short gestation period(p<0.005), congenital abnormality(p<0.05), and low financial status. For the request for consultation for stress from infant care, the proportion of request group was high in the cases of mothers with newly born babies(less than 3 months), cases of readmission to hospital and of current illness. Significant statistical differences were shown(p<0.05). Considering the results of this study, Local Health Centers(LHC) should build a cooperative system with community hospitals, medical specialists because premature babies are high risk groups who need special management care. LHC should provide special services to them when they discharge from hospitals. LHC also should develop a comprehensive protocol about various services considering the characteristics of premature babies and their mothers. It should be based on the mothers needs and health condition of premature babies.ope

    (The) characteristics analysis of withdrawing care in intensive care unit

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    ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์†Œ์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์€ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ฒ•์ ยท์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ฒจ์˜ˆํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์†Œ์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€์นจ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์ฑ…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋„๋œ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์„œ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1999๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4์›” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ ์‹œ๋‚ด ์†Œ์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ถ€์†์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์‹คํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž 31๋ช…์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘ ๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ 36๋ช…๊ณผ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์— ์žฌ์ง์ค‘์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 45๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‘œ์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 1999๋…„ 4์›” 8์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์›” 2์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์ ‘ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SAS ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋น„์œจ, ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ paired t-test๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 95%์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ 1. ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” No CPR์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ง์—†๋Š” ํ‡ด์›, ๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ ๊ทน์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œํ–‰ ์•ˆํ•จ, ์˜ํ•™์  ์ถฉ๊ณ ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ‡ด์›, ์ง„ํ–‰์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ค‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์˜์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 61.3%, 45.2%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ 80.7%์—์„œ ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ 41.9%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ํ›„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ํ‰๊ท  7์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ํ›„ 1์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์€ 70์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด 54.7%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ฝ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์žฌ์›๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 19์ผ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ์งง์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , 1๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 64.4%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์‹ค์‹œ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 41.9%์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ๋Š” 6.5%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Glasgow Coma Scale์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท ์ด 9.9์ ์ธ ์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„ ์˜์‹์žฅ์• ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  7.1์ ์ธ ์ค‘์ฆ ์˜์‹์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ž…์‹ค์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ ํ˜„์ €ํ•œ ์˜์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t=4.23, P<0.05). ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” APACHE โ…ก ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž…์‹ค์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  20.4์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ 25.1์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (t=4.00, P<0.05). ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ์˜ Multiple Organ Failure์— ์˜ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ „ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  4.1๊ฐœ์˜€๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 7.1์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ „์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. 7. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด์œ ๋กœ ์†Œ์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ•™์  ํŒ๋‹จ์ด 1์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 2์œ„, ์ค‘์œ„์ˆœ์œ„์— ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ณ ๋ น, ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ•˜์œ„์ˆœ์œ„์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค์™€ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ž ์›์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 8. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ No CPR์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ† ๋ก ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” 2โˆผ3ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. 9. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์‹œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 33.3%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 10. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ์ œ์•ˆ์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด, ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹ด์ž, ์กฐ์ •์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 22.2%์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ž, ์ œ3์ž, ์•„๋ฌด ์—ญํ•  ์—†์Œ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ์™ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 11. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ, ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋น„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์‹œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ์—†์Œ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 12. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œ์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ๋™์˜์„œ, ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ์œ„์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ค‘์œ„์ˆœ์œ„์— ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜, ๋ณ‘์›์œค๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž๋ฌธ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์Šน์ธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์Šน์ธ, check list ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž์œจ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์œค๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ง, ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์›์น™์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฒ•์ œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] These days, withdrawing care from the critically ill patients who do not have a chance of recover has become one of the processes of care. This is due to the change in perception of health care team. The purpose of this study was to understand the circumstances surrounding the care withdrawal cases by analyzing the characteristics of the patients from whom the care was withdrawn and the decision making processes. This study is a descriptive retrospective research that aims to provide an ethical guidance and basic data for policy making. In order to analyze the cases of withdrawing care and characteristics of the critically ill patients from whom the care was withdrawn, medical records of 31 patients were reviewed. To identify the perceptions health care teams regarding the decision-making process of withdrawing care, the doctors and nurses in the Intensive Care Units were surveyed. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The most common type of withdrawing care was No CPR. In many cases, there were neither DNR orders nor written consents of the families. In the decision making process, patients daughters or sons were the main decision-makers. The survival time after withdrawing care was usually not long. More than 90% of patients expired within a day after the care was withdrawn. 2. Many of the patients from whom the care was withdrawn had respiratory diseases. Both the times spent in the ICU before care was withdrawn and the time the patients had had the diseases were relatively short. Mental status and severity of the disease were extremely deteriorated in the APACHE II and GCS scores. By the MOF average failure organ number was 4.1 and the score was 7.1. 3. In the perception of the health care team about the withdrawing care, the main reasons of the withdrawal, in the order of most to least, were medical determination that the patient was hopeless, demand of the family of the patient, old age, and relieving the pain. The most common type of withdrawing care was No CPR. Two or three discussions were made before withdrawing care. If the decision is made to withdraw care, it was recommended by both physicians and families, however, the final decisions were made by the family. The patients and nurses were usually excluded in the decision-making processes. As for the problems associated with the withdrawing care, lack of patient's opinion in the decision process, lack of an organization that can make ethical decisions and lack of legal protection were ranked high. Patient's pre-treatment decision, medical evidence indicating the patient cannot recover, and request and consent of the family were ranked high as recommendations to the aforementioned problems. In summarizing this study, the decision process to withdraw care from the critically ill patients should be agreed from public discussions. There should be a standard guidance in support of decision making process when determining whether to withdraw the care. A method that reflects the patient's own desire in the decision making and a system that can implement the method should be sought. A medical ethics committee that provides standards and guidance should be formed and widely utilized. In addition, we need an institution which provides criteria in withdrawing care, and studies and implements legal system.restrictio

    ํ‘์ธ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ : Toni Morrison์˜ the Bluest eye, Sula, song of Solomon ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜์–ด์˜๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต,2005.Docto

    Chaucer์˜ The Clerk`s tale๊ณผ The Merchant`s tale์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜์–ด์˜๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต,1998.Maste

    ํ–ฅ์ œ ์ค„ํ’๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ตฟ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ : ํ˜ธ๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์Œ์•…๊ณผ ๊ตญ์•…๊ธฐ์•…์ „๊ณต,1997.Maste

    Liability for the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea

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    The Effects of Respiratory Rehabilitation Training on Respiratory Functions of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patients

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    Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training on the respiratory functions of hospitalized cervical spinal cord injury patients. Methods: One group pre and post test design was used. Subjects were 20 cervical spinal cord injury inpatients of the national rehabilitation center. Training program consisted of air cumulation training, manual assisted coughing training, and abdominal breathing. Trained rehabilitation nurse implemented 20 minutes program twice a day for 4 weeks. Respiratory function was measured as peak coughing flow rate, and perceived respiratory difficulty after activity on wheel chair for 30 minutes and during speaking and singing. Perceived respiratory difficulty was measured with modified Borg scale. Also content analysis was done with the result of open ended question about subjective feeling about training. All variables were measured 3 times before, 2weeks and 4 weeks after the program. Results: Peak coughing flow rate significantly improved after compared to before training. Also all three perceived respiratory difficulty variables decreased significantly after training. In the content analysis, 'it's easier to cough up phlegm' was the most frequent answered subjective feeling. 'Sound at speaking and coughing became louder', 'respiratory volume increased', and 'comfortable chest feeling' were frequent answered subjective feeling, in order. Conclusion: Although it is preliminary since no control group, respiratory rehabilitation training was found to be effective to improve respiratory function in terms of peak coughing flow rate, perceived respiratory difficulty, and subjective feeling. It is necessary further systemic research to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training
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