INDIVIDUAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF HARMFUL DRINKING AMONG FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH

Objective: Harmful drinking has increased, especially among younger women. To prevent this, we comprehensively understand its related factors. We aimed to examine the ecological factors that affect harmful drinking among Female College Students (FCS) based on the conceptual framework of McLeroy, et al.’s ecological model. Methods: The participants were 229 FCS aged 18-29 years from eight universities in South Korea. Results: We identified factors influencing harmful drinking among the participants using hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Stress relief was the highest among intrapersonal factors associated with harmful drinking (Odds Ratio (OR): 5.380), and those who engaged in social or school activities were more involved in harmful drinking (OR: 4.523). Finally, for college and community factors, the better one’s access to exercise facilities (such as gyms), the lower and the level of harmful drinking (OR: 0.411). When only individual factors were considered, the explanatory power was 49.2%; when both individual and interpersonal factors were input, it was 55%, and the explanatory power of the model-including individual, interpersonal, organizational, and regional factors-was 64.2%. Conclusion: It is important to improve the drinking culture and environment among FCS through continuous monitoring of harmful drinking and university and locality policies. In particular, activities and facilities inside and outside the university should be expanded so that students can maintain healthy social relationships without drinking. Further, psychiatric professionals should develop an intervention program from an integrated perspective.ope

Validity and Reliability of the Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS) Scale for Korean Adults

Purpose: The aims of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS) scale for Korean adults. Methods: Participants were 441 adults in South Korea, who completed in a self-reported online survey of ATTS. A total of 37 items were used for conducting item analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as examining the internal consistency. Results: Based on findings of item reduction and exploratory factor analyses, three factors were identified based on 16 items, such as ‘acceptability (7 items)’, ‘understandability (5 items)’, and ‘tabooing (4 items)’. These factors accounted for 49.4% of the total variance of ATTS. Known-groups, item convergent, and item discriminant validity were confirmed; Fitness of the modified mode was acceptable (x2=375.51, CFI=.84, TLI=.81, GFI=.90, AGFI=.87, RMSEA=.08). The Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient for the 16 items was .82. Conclusion: Three factors of the short version of ATTS may be useful to evaluate the suicidal attitudes of Korean adults effectively and accurately. Our study findings suggest that suicide attitude questionaries need to be constantly revised to consider socio-cultural environment.ope

Developing an Internet-Based Trauma Recovery Nursing Intervention Based on Swanson's Theory of Caring for Trauma Recovery

This study aimed to develop an Internet-based psychiatric nursing intervention, based on Swanson's theory of caring, that could alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms and improve the health functioning of adults who had experienced trauma. To evaluate the appropriateness and understanding of the program content, expert advice and content validity were examined using the content validity index. To analyze the participants' responses and evaluate the appropriateness of conducting Internet-based programs, an online intervention program was implemented with five nurses between February and April 2020. The trauma recovery nursing intervention program was for adults who had experienced trauma and consisted of eight sessions, each lasting 30 min. It included a spoken audio track that was accompanied by visual prompts to provide knowledge on traumatic stress and introduce trauma recovery methods. Its online format made it convenient and widely accessible, and allowed for a low-intensity, cost-effective educational program. The program focused on providing self-help guidelines for clients to develop their mental and physical well-being. The results provide evidence that mental health nurses could develop and implement online programs to care for people who have experienced trauma. Such programs could provide trauma recovery for marginalized people unable to otherwise receive help.ope

Factors Influencing Functional Health of Patients with Chronic Insomnia based on Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing functional health of patients with chronic insomnia based on the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS). Methods: Data were collected from 184 patients with chronic insomnia who had been treated at the sleep center in hospital in South Korea. Data were collected from 23 December 2014 to 18 May 2015 through self-reported questionnaires from pre-sleep arousal, worry, perceived stress, social support, insomnia symptom, and functional health. Data were analyzes using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The regression model had an adjusted R² of 50%, which indicated that pre-sleep arousal, social support, perceived stress, education, and insomnia symptom were significant predictors of functional health in patients with insomnia. Conclusion: In order to improve the functional health of patient’s with chronic insomnia, clinical nurses should develop and provide nursing interventions that improve social support and reduce pre-sleep arousal, stress, and insomnia symptoms.ope

관내상피암의 유방보존술 후 국소재발암 발생 예측을 위한 종양주변실질의 역동자기공명영상 조영증가율 평가

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과 영상의학 전공, 2013. 2. 조나리야.Purpose: To retrospectively investigate whether the signal enhancement ratio (SER) of the background parenchyma around the tumor on dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging was associated with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients after breast conserving surgery (BCS). Materials and Methods: Between 2004 and 2009, 215 consecutive women (median age, 47yearsrange, 24-74years) with pure DCIS (mean size, 2.90cm ± 1.99range, 0.2cm – 9.8cm) who underwent preoperative MRI, curative BCS and had at least 2-year follow-up data were identified. Their clinicopathologic features (age, menopausal status, surgery type, adjuvant therapy, ER, PR, HER2 status, nuclear grade, margin width) and MRI features [lesion size, morphology, fibroglandular density, background parenchymal enhancement grade, parenchymal SER defined as (Se-Sp)/(Sd-Sp), where Sp, Se, and Sd represent the signal intensity on the precontrast, early postcontrast, and delayed postcontrast images] were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the best cut-off value of variables for the prediction of IBTR. The reproducibility of the SER measurements was evaluated by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RFS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine associations between survival outcome and MRI variables, adjusting for clinicopathologic variables. Results: There were 15 (7.0%, 15 of 215) ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences (9 DCIS, 6 invasive recurrences). The median follow-up period for the no recurrence group (n=200) was 48 months (range 27-100 months). The ICC between the two radiologists was 0.852 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.811, 0.885P < .001) for measurements of the SER, which indicates excellent agreement. On multivariate analysis, high mean background parenchymal SER around tumor was an independent factor associated with early IBTR : The hazard ratio (HR) for high SER were 17.837 (95% CI: 4.958, 64.472P< .001), and 10.136 (95% CI: 3.392, 30.288P< .001) for reader 1 and reader 2, respectively. Omission of the adjuvant endocrine therapy and larger size of tumor measured at surgical specimen were also found to be independent poor prognostic factors for IBTR on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: High SER in the background parenchyma around the tumor, omission of adjuvant endocrine therapy and larger tumor size at specimens were independent factor associated with IBTR in breast DCIS patients treated with BCS.I. INTRODUCTION 1 II.MATERIALS and METHODS 4 1. Study population 4 2. Prognostic variables 6 3. MR imaging technique 7 4. Image analysis 9 5. Statistical analysis 11 III. RESULTS 14 1. Patients characteristics 14 2. Reproducibility for SER measurements and ROC analysis 14 3. Survival analysis 15 IV. DISCUSSION 18 Reference 38 국문초록 48Maste

An Integrative Review of Intervention for School-bullying Perpetrators

Purpose: This study was intended to integrate the evidence of intervention for child and adolescent perpetrators of school violence through an integrative literature review. Methods: Using combinations of the terms ‘bullying’, ‘school violence’, and ‘intervention’ as key words, the researchers searched eight electronic databases for relevant studies. Fifteen studies were selected through full-text screening of related research published in academic journals before June 2018. The framework was used to identify the selected studies’ intervention patterns and classify the various intervention components. The extracted intervention components were grouped into potential themes to determine whether the researchers clearly showed the interventions in the studies. Results: The intervention components of 15 selected studies were categorized into five themes: 1) Utilizing intervention techniques for voluntary participation, 2) Enhancing self-awareness, 3) Strategies to improve emotional intelligence, 4) Promoting interpersonal skills, and 5) Emphasis on responsibility through future vision experience. Conclusion: As a result of analyzing interventions for children and adolescent perpetrators of school violence, five components were derived. It is suggested that these components should be considered in the field, and intervention programs development and research using them are needed.ope

Perceived Functional Health Patterns and Recovery in People with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived functional health patterns and recovery in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, to explore the magnitude of relationship between of these variables and influencing factors such as self-esteem, insight, therapeutic relationship, and social support. Methods: Participants were 160 individuals from 16 Community Mental Health Centers in Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected from April 10 to June, 12, 2010. Analysis was done using descriptive data, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and canonical correlation coefficients with the SAS 9.1 program. Results: The mean score for perceived functional health of participants was below the normal range and the mean for recovery was above the middle range. Functional health and recovery were positively correlated with all components. The magnitude of relationship between functional health pattern, recovery and influencing factors were high in order of self-esteem, social support, insight, and therapeutic relationship. Conclusion: Functional health is strongly associated with recovery and useful in promoting recovery. Development of recovery oriented training programs for professionals and interventions considering factors influencing recovery and functional health as identified in this study is recommended.ope

Relationships among Traumatic Experiences, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Mental Health-related Characteristics in Young Adults

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms and mental health-related characteristics in young adults and identify relationships among the variables. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data were collected through a Web-based survey (N=568). Structured instruments included valid measures of traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, somatization symptoms, insomnia, and alcohol use. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, x2 tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS statistics 23. Results: Among study participants, 76.8% reported traumatic experiences. The severity of trauma was associated with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, somatization symptoms, insomnia, and alcohol use. Women showed more severe posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms than men. There were positive correlations for trauma experiences with posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, somatization symptoms, and insomnia. Conclusion: Findings indicate the need to develop nursing intervention programs to relieve posttraumatic stress symptoms and improve mental health related characteristics targeting young adults, and to establish a national policy that addresses characteristics of trauma experienced in Korea.ope

Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Anger and Functional Health of Homeless Men

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation of self-efficacy in the relationship between anger and the functional health of homeless men in order to provide a basis for planning nursing interventions to improve the functional health of homeless persons. Methods: The participants were 137 homeless men who lived in homeless shelters or visited one center serving free meals for homeless persons in Seoul. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSS-WIN 20.0 program. The instruments were the Functional Health Pattern Screening Assessment Tool (FHPAST), Self-efficacy Scale (SES), and State-trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version (STAXI-K). Results: The mean score for functional health was 2.41. Overall self-efficacy was 70.82. state anger was 16.53, trait anger was 19.54, and anger expression was 25.31. There were signigicant correlations among the 3 variables, functional health, self-efficacy, and anger. Also, self-efficacy had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between anger and functional health. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, health management programs focusing on anger management and self-efficacy improvement are highly recommended to promote functional health in homeless persons.ope

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Web-based Trauma-Education Programs for Mental-Health Professionals

Purpose: This study was conducted to review the web-based trauma-education programs for mental-health professionals reported in English and Korean. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINALH, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, NDSL, US National Library of Medicine, Clinical Research Information Service, and Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library. The database search identified 11,852 articles. The selection of articles involved a three-phase process, in which duplications were identified and, titles and abstracts of retrieved articles were determined according to inclusion criteria, followed by full-text reading of articles identified. Finally, a total of three studies were included in this review, which published in the United States in 2011, 2014, and 2019. One was a pilot randomized controlled trial and two were pre- and post- studies. Only one included nurses as participants. Selected studies were rated for quality assessment using the Risk of Bias tool of Cochrane’s collaboration. Results: Although the specific content of the programs was unknown, they improved mental health professionals' knowledge level, performance confidence, satisfaction, and education-completion rate. Conclusion: More well-designed studies are needed of the optimal content for web-based education programs in mediating trauma for a broad spectrum of mental-health professionalsope