27 research outputs found

    ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฒด์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™” ์กฐ์ ˆ

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    Dept. of Medical Science/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฆ์‹์„ฑ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ์‹์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ ์ƒ์ฒด๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ๊ณผ L-์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‡Œ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ์†์ƒ ์‹œ ๋‡Œ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ผ์ฐจ ์•„๋ฏผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ L-์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œํƒˆํƒ„์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์— ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ฆ์‹์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ, ์ฆ‰ ์•”์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฆ์‹์ด ์™•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ, ์„ธํฌ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ, ๋‡Œ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋น„๊ฐ€์—ญ์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ์†์ƒ ์‹œ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ด์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธํฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ์ฆ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ธฐํ˜•์ข…(teratoma)์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ์ข…์–‘์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ์ข…์–‘์„ธํฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‡Œ์‹ค์•„๋ž˜๊ตฌ์—ญ ์„ฑ์ฒด์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์„ธํฌ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๋‡Œ์‹ค์•„๋ž˜๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ฑ์ฒด์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒํ›„ 3์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ICR ์ƒ์ฅ ๋‡Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์–‘์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์•„์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์„ฑ์ฒด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด Nestin ํ•ญ์ฒด์— ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋„๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŒ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ ์‹œ์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด๋‘” ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„ 4์ผ ๋™์•ˆ, ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋†๋„(0๏ฝž500ฮผM)๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ • ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋†๋„๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , BrdU ํ‘œ์ง€, FACS ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์˜ ๋‡Œ์‹ค ํ•˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์„ฑ์ฒด์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋†๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹์ด 100ฮผM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 30% ์–ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, L-์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ๊ณผ ํ“จํŠธ๋ ˆ์‹ , ์Šคํผ๋ฏธ๋”˜, ์Šคํผ๋ฏผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ(์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด, L-์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ, ํ“จํŠธ๋ ˆ์‹ , ์Šคํผ๋ฏธ๋”˜, ์Šคํผ๋ฏผ์„ ๊ท ์ผ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ)์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ(0๏ฝž500ฮผM) ์ฆ์‹์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฆ์‹์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (๋ฐฐ์–‘ ํ›„ 3.5์ผ) ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด, L-์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ, ํ“จํŠธ๋ ˆ์‹ , ์Šคํผ๋ฏธ๋”˜, ์Šคํผ๋ฏผ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(0๏ฝž500ฮผM)ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” Tuj1, ๋ณ„์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ๋Š” GFAP ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, DAPI๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ต์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋†๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋œ ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ L-์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ์ด ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 100ฮผM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด๊ณผ L-์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ์€ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์•ฝ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 20ฮผM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 1.7๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ด‰์ง„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ -80% ์ •๋„์˜ ์–ต์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Subventricular zone (SVZ) cells proliferate spontaneously in vivo in the telencephalon of adult mammals. It has been reported that the transplantation of SVZ neural stem cells (NSCs) into the brain infarction in vivo might be effective on stroke cure, as a therapeutic adult stem cells recently. It is useful as research theme, but SVZ neural stem or progenitor cell still have fatal troubles to grow over or form teratoma. Agmatine (Agm) is an endogenous primary amine, synthesized from L-arginine decarboxylase and is able to modulate the cellular concentration of polyamines which are essential molecules required for cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies showed that Agm has significant inhibitory effect on transplanted tumor growth in vivo and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro, and the mechanism might be associated with intracellular polyamine concentration.In this study, we examined the regulatory effect of Agm on proliferation and differentiation of SVZ NSCs. Subventricular NSCs were cultured and to characterize NSC and progenitor compartments further, the nestin expression was examined. Strong Nestin expression was also observed in SVZ NSCs culture. Agm was administrated as varied concentrations (0~500ฮผM) daily for 3.5 days. The number of neurospheres (NPs) was diminished in all Agm administration groups. In the group of 100ฮผM, the number and the diameter of NPs were less and smaller than NC group as about 30%. In addition, L-arginine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and polyamine mixture (same concentration of agmatine, L-arginine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine were mixed) were administrated in the culture medium, and all of them inhibited NSCs proliferation like as Agm. The anti-BrdU immunofluorescence staining and DAPI counterstaining was performed and the change of cell number was compared. To examine the effect on differentiation process, agmatine, L-arginine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and polyamine mixture were treated on cells from 4 DIV (days in vitro) to 12DIV. On 12 DIV, differentiated neural cells were immuno-fluorescence stained by making use of primary antibodies (Tuj1, MAP2 for neuron, GFAP for astrocyte, and anti-BrdU). Undifferentiated NPs were remained more in NC group, but in L-arginine and Agm group, we could find Tuj1-positive mature neurons and GFAP-positive mature astrocytes. We harvested differentiated mature neural cells to measure the differentiation ability by counting BrdU positive cell number.We suggest that Agm inhibits the proliferation of SZV NSCs on the other hand, aids SVZ NSCs to differentiate to neural cells. Agm may be a novel therapeutic strategy to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cell.ope

    Agmatine enhances neurogenesis by increasing ERK1/2 expression, and suppresses astrogenesis by decreasing BMP 2,4 and SMAD 1,5,8 expression in subventricular zone neural stem cells.

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    AIM: Our study aimed to demonstrate whether agmatine (Ag) could regulate proliferation and cell fate determination of subventricular zone neural stem cells (SVZ NSCs). MAIN METHODS: SVZ NSCs were grown in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (20ng/ml) until 4days in vitro (DIV) and later the culture medium was replaced without EGF and bFGF until 11 DIV in the absence (EGF/bFGF(+/-)/Ag(-)) or presence of agmatine (EGF/bFGF(+/-)/Ag(+)). Another set SVZ NSCs were maintained with EGF and bFGF until 11 DIV without (EGF/bFGF(+/+)/Ag(-)) or with agmatine treatment (EGF/bFGF(+/+)/Ag(+)). Agmatine's effect on proliferation and cell death (H and PI staining and Caspase-3 immunostaining) was examined at DIV 4 and 11. Agmatine's (100ฮผM) effect on cell fate determination was confirmed by immunostaining and Western blot at 11 DIV. KEY FINDINGS: Agmatine treatment reduced the neurosphere size and total cell count number dose-dependently in all the experimental groups both at DIV 4 and11. Immunoblotting and staining results showed that agmatine increased the Tuj1 and Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and decreased the Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with no change in the Oligo2 protein expressions. This neurogenesis effect of agmatine seems to have a relation with Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) activation and anti-astrogenesis effect is thought to be related with the suppression of Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 2,4 and contraction of Sma and Mad (SMAD) 1,5,8 protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE: This model could be an invaluable tool to study whether agmatine treated SVZ NSC transplantation to the central nervous system (CNS) injury could trigger neurogenesis and decrypt the full range of molecular events involved during neurogenesis in vivo as evidenced in vitroope
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