27 research outputs found
์๊ทธ๋งํด์ ์ํ ์ฑ์ฒด์ ๊ฒฝ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ ์ฆ์๊ณผ ๋ถํ ์กฐ์
Dept. of Medical Science/์์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ฆ์์ฑ์ธํฌ๊ฐ ์ฆ์์ด ์ต์ ๋๋ฉด ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ์์ํ๋ค๋ ์๋ฌผํ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ์ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ด ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณ ํ๊ณ ์ ์ํํ์๋ค.์๊ทธ๋งํด์ ์์ฒด๋์ฌ์ ํ์์ ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ์๋ฏผ๊ณผ L-์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋์ ์ํฉ์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถํด ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ค๊ฐ๋์ฌ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ๋๋ฌผ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์์กฐ์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค๋ ์ต๊ทผ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ํ, ๋ ํํ ์์ ์ ๋๊ฒฝ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๋ ๋ฑ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํธํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์์ด ์ต๊ทผ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋๊ณ ์๋ ์์ฒด ๋ด ์ผ์ฐจ ์๋ฏผ์ด๋ค. ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ L-์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ํํ์ฐํํจ์์ ์ํ์ฌ ํฉ์ฑ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ธํฌ ์ฑ์ฅ๊ณผ ์ฆ์์ ํ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ์๋ฏผ์ ์ธํฌ ๋ด ๋๋๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค. ์ต๊ทผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ด ํนํ ์ฆ์์ฑ ์ธํฌ, ์ฆ ์์ธํฌ์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ฆ์์ด ์์ฑํ๊ฒ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ํน์ง์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์๊ณผ ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํ๋ค๋ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ฌผ๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ํ์ฑ๋ ์ข
์์ ์ฑ์ฅ๊ณผ, ์ธํฌ์คํ์ ํตํด ๋ฐฐ์ํ ์ข
์ ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์์ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ต์ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ฒ์ ๊ณผ๋์ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ด ์คํ๋ ค ํด๋ฆฌ์๋ฏผ ๋์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํดํ์ฌ ์ธํฌ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์๋ค. ์ต๊ทผ, ๋ ํํ ์์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ๋น๊ฐ์ญ์ ์ธ ๋์์ ์ ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ์ด์์ ํตํด ๋ถํ๊ฐ ๋๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์๋ก์ด ์ ๊ฒฝ์ธํฌ๋ก ๋์ฒดํ๋ ค๋ ์๋๊ฐ ํ๋ฐํ๊ฒ ์งํ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ ์ด์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ธํฌ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ถํ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋์ ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ค์ ๊ณผ๋คํ ์ฆ์์ผ๋ก ์ธํ ๊ธฐํ์ข
(teratoma)์ ํ์ฑ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋จ์ ์๋ ์ํ์ด๋ค.๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ด ์ข
์์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์์ ์ต์ ํ๋ค๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ์ฌ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ด ์ข
์์ธํฌ์ ์ ์ฌํ๊ฒ ์ฆ์๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ์ด๋ ๋์ค์๋๊ตฌ์ญ ์ฑ์ฒด์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์๊ณผ ๋ถํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ธํฌ์คํ์ ํตํ์ฌ ์กฐ์ฌํ์๋ค. ์ฐ์ , ๋์ค์๋๊ตฌ์ญ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ฑ์ฒด์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ํ 3์ผ ์ด๋ด์ ICR ์์ฅ ๋๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ฐฐ์์ ํตํด ์ป์๋ค. ๋ฐฐ์์ด ์๋ฃ๋ ๋ฐฐ์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ์ฑ์ฒด ์ ๊ฒฝ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด Nestin ํญ์ฒด์ ์์ฑ๋ฐ์์ ๋๋์ง ์กฐ์ฌํ์ฌ ์์์ฑ์ ํ์ธํ ํ ์ฌ์ฉํ์๊ณ , ํธ๋ฆฌํ ๋ธ๋ฃจ ์์ฝ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด์๋จ์ ์ธํฌ์๋ฅผ ์ ํด๋ ์์น์ ๋ง์ถ์ด ์ฌ์ฉํ์๋ค. ์ธํฌ๋ฐฐ์ ์ํ ์ดํ 4์ผ ๋์, ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ ๋ค์ํ ๋๋(0๏ฝ500ฮผM)๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ธํฌ๊ตฌ์ ํ์ฑ๊ณผ์ ์์์ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ธํฌ๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋๋๋ณ๋ก ๋น๊ต ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ , BrdU ํ์ง, FACS ๋ถ์์ ํตํ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ถ์๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํตํ์ฌ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ ๋์ค ํ ๊ตฌ์ญ ์ฑ์ฒด์ ๊ฒฝ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ ์ฆ์ ์ต์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์๊ทธ๋งํด ๋๋ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ธํฌ ์ฆ์์ด 100ฮผM ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์์ ์ฝ 30% ์ต์ ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ๋ํ, L-์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋๊ณผ ํจํธ๋ ์ , ์คํผ๋ฏธ๋, ์คํผ๋ฏผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํด๋ฆฌ์๋ฏผํผํฉ๋ฌผ(์๊ทธ๋งํด, L-์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋, ํจํธ๋ ์ , ์คํผ๋ฏธ๋, ์คํผ๋ฏผ์ ๊ท ์ผ ๋๋๋ก ์ ์กฐ)์ ๋ค์ํ ๋๋๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ(0๏ฝ500ฮผM) ์ฆ์์ต์ ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ๋ถํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ ์กฐ์ฌ๋ ์ฆ์์ด ์์ฑ๋๋ ์์ (๋ฐฐ์ ํ 3.5์ผ) ์ดํ๋ถํฐ ์๊ทธ๋งํด, L-์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋, ํจํธ๋ ์ , ์คํผ๋ฏธ๋, ์คํผ๋ฏผ์ ๋ค์ํ ๋๋๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌ(0๏ฝ500ฮผM)ํ์ฌ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๋ค. ๋ถํ๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ธํฌ๋ค์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ํ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ํญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํตํ ๋ฉด์ญ์ผ์์ ์ํํ์๋ค. ๋ด๋ฐ์ธํฌ๋ Tuj1, ๋ณ์๊ต์ธํฌ๋ GFAP ํญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ฉด์ญ์ผ์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, DAPI๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ํต์ผ์์ ์ํํ์๋ค. ๋๋ ๋ณ๋ก ์ผ์๋ ์ธํฌ ์๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํตํ์ฌ ์๊ทธ๋งํด์ ๋น๋กฏํ L-์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํด๋ฆฌ์๋ฏผ์ด ์ธํฌ ๋ถํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ๊ด ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 100ฮผM ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์์ ์๊ทธ๋งํด๊ณผ L-์๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋์ ์ฆ์์ ์ฝ ๋ ๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ๋ ์ด์ง์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ํด๋ฆฌ์๋ฏผ์ ๋ถํ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์ง ๋ชปํ์๋ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์๋ฏผํผํฉ๋ฌผ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, 20ฮผM ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์์ ์ผ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฝ 1.7๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ๋์ ๋ถํ ์ด์ง ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ผ๋, ๋๋๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ๊ฒ ๊ทธ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ฝ -80% ์ ๋์ ์ต์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด์๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]Subventricular zone (SVZ) cells proliferate spontaneously in vivo in the telencephalon of adult mammals. It has been reported that the transplantation of SVZ neural stem cells (NSCs) into the brain infarction in vivo might be effective on stroke cure, as a therapeutic adult stem cells recently. It is useful as research theme, but SVZ neural stem or progenitor cell still have fatal troubles to grow over or form teratoma. Agmatine (Agm) is an endogenous primary amine, synthesized from L-arginine decarboxylase and is able to modulate the cellular concentration of polyamines which are essential molecules required for cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies showed that Agm has significant inhibitory effect on transplanted tumor growth in vivo and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro, and the mechanism might be associated with intracellular polyamine concentration.In this study, we examined the regulatory effect of Agm on proliferation and differentiation of SVZ NSCs. Subventricular NSCs were cultured and to characterize NSC and progenitor compartments further, the nestin expression was examined. Strong Nestin expression was also observed in SVZ NSCs culture. Agm was administrated as varied concentrations (0~500ฮผM) daily for 3.5 days. The number of neurospheres (NPs) was diminished in all Agm administration groups. In the group of 100ฮผM, the number and the diameter of NPs were less and smaller than NC group as about 30%. In addition, L-arginine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and polyamine mixture (same concentration of agmatine, L-arginine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine were mixed) were administrated in the culture medium, and all of them inhibited NSCs proliferation like as Agm. The anti-BrdU immunofluorescence staining and DAPI counterstaining was performed and the change of cell number was compared. To examine the effect on differentiation process, agmatine, L-arginine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and polyamine mixture were treated on cells from 4 DIV (days in vitro) to 12DIV. On 12 DIV, differentiated neural cells were immuno-fluorescence stained by making use of primary antibodies (Tuj1, MAP2 for neuron, GFAP for astrocyte, and anti-BrdU). Undifferentiated NPs were remained more in NC group, but in L-arginine and Agm group, we could find Tuj1-positive mature neurons and GFAP-positive mature astrocytes. We harvested differentiated mature neural cells to measure the differentiation ability by counting BrdU positive cell number.We suggest that Agm inhibits the proliferation of SZV NSCs on the other hand, aids SVZ NSCs to differentiate to neural cells. Agm may be a novel therapeutic strategy to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cell.ope
Agmatine enhances neurogenesis by increasing ERK1/2 expression, and suppresses astrogenesis by decreasing BMP 2,4 and SMAD 1,5,8 expression in subventricular zone neural stem cells.
AIM: Our study aimed to demonstrate whether agmatine (Ag) could regulate proliferation and cell fate determination of subventricular zone neural stem cells (SVZ NSCs).
MAIN METHODS: SVZ NSCs were grown in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (20ng/ml) until 4days in vitro (DIV) and later the culture medium was replaced without EGF and bFGF until 11 DIV in the absence (EGF/bFGF(+/-)/Ag(-)) or presence of agmatine (EGF/bFGF(+/-)/Ag(+)). Another set SVZ NSCs were maintained with EGF and bFGF until 11 DIV without (EGF/bFGF(+/+)/Ag(-)) or with agmatine treatment (EGF/bFGF(+/+)/Ag(+)). Agmatine's effect on proliferation and cell death (H and PI staining and Caspase-3 immunostaining) was examined at DIV 4 and 11. Agmatine's (100ฮผM) effect on cell fate determination was confirmed by immunostaining and Western blot at 11 DIV.
KEY FINDINGS: Agmatine treatment reduced the neurosphere size and total cell count number dose-dependently in all the experimental groups both at DIV 4 and11. Immunoblotting and staining results showed that agmatine increased the Tuj1 and Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and decreased the Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with no change in the Oligo2 protein expressions. This neurogenesis effect of agmatine seems to have a relation with Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) activation and anti-astrogenesis effect is thought to be related with the suppression of Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 2,4 and contraction of Sma and Mad (SMAD) 1,5,8 protein expression.
SIGNIFICANCE: This model could be an invaluable tool to study whether agmatine treated SVZ NSC transplantation to the central nervous system (CNS) injury could trigger neurogenesis and decrypt the full range of molecular events involved during neurogenesis in vivo as evidenced in vitroope