74 research outputs found

    Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prenatal Aneuploidy Screening and Diagnostic Testing from Korean Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine: (2) Invasive Diagnostic Testing for Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities

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    The Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine proposed the first Korean guideline on prenatal aneuploidy screening and diagnostic testing, in April 2019. The clinical practice guideline (CPG) was developed for Korean women using an adaptation process based on good-quality practice guidelines, previously developed in other countries, on prenatal screening and invasive diagnostic testing for fetal chromosome abnormalities. We reviewed current guidelines and developed a Korean CPG on invasive diagnostic testing for fetal chromosome abnormalities according to the adaptation process. Recommendations for selected 11 key questions are: 1) Considering the increased risk of fetal loss in invasive prenatal diagnostic testing for fetal genetic disorders, it is not recommended for all pregnant women aged over 35 years. 2) Because early amniocentesis performed before 14 weeks of pregnancy increases the risk of fetal loss and malformation, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is recommended for pregnant women who will undergo invasive prenatal diagnostic testing for fetal genetic disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, CVS before 9 weeks of pregnancy also increases the risk of fetal loss and deformity. Thus, CVS is recommended after 9 weeks of pregnancy. 3) Amniocentesis is recommended to distinguish true fetal mosaicism from confined placental mosaicism. 4) Anti-immunoglobulin should be administered within 72 hours after the invasive diagnostic testing. 5) Since there is a high risk of vertical transmission, an invasive prenatal diagnostic testing is recommended according to the clinician's discretion with consideration of the condition of the pregnant woman. 6) The use of antibiotics is not recommended before or after an invasive diagnostic testing. 7) The chromosomal microarray test as an alternative to the conventional cytogenetic test is not recommended for all pregnant women who will undergo an invasive diagnostic testing. 8) Amniocentesis before 14 weeks of gestation is not recommended because it increases the risk of fetal loss and malformation. 9) CVS before 9 weeks of gestation is not recommended because it increases the risk of fetal loss and malformation. 10) Although the risk of fetal loss associated with invasive prenatal diagnostic testing (amniocentesis and CVS) may vary based on the proficiency of the operator, the risk of fetal loss due to invasive prenatal diagnostic testing is higher in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies. 11) When a monochorionic twin is identified in early pregnancy and the growth and structure of both fetuses are consistent, an invasive prenatal diagnostic testing can be performed on one fetus alone. However, an invasive prenatal diagnostic testing is recommended for each fetus in cases of pregnancy conceived via in vitro fertilization, or in cases in which the growth of both fetuses differs, or in those in which at least one fetus has a structural abnormality. The guidelines were established and approved by the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. This guideline is revised and presented every 5 years.ope

    μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ΄ ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ— 끼친 영ν–₯

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 쒅ꡐ학과, 2013. 8. μœ μš”ν•œ.λ³Έ 논문은 1987λ…„ λ―Όμ£Όν™” μš΄λ™ μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ „κ°œλœ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ˜ 배경을 밝히고 이 μš΄λ™μ΄ ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ— 끼친 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. 1980λ…„λŒ€ μ€‘λ°˜μ€ λ°˜μ •λΆ€ μš΄λ™μ„ ν†΅ν•œ λ―Όμ£Όν™”μ˜ μ—΄κΈ°κ°€ 무λ₯΄μ΅λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°μž„κ³Ό λ™μ‹œμ— λ―Όμ£Όν™” 이후 본격적으둜 맞게 λ˜λŠ” μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 이 μ‹œκΈ°μ— κ°œμ‹ κ΅ λ‚΄μ˜ ν•œ λΆ„νŒŒμΈ 볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ΄ ν™œλ°œν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ²Œ 된 λ°°κ²½κ³Ό κ·Έ μ „κ°œ 양상을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ— 끼친 영ν–₯을 보여쀀닀. μ΄λŠ” λ―Όμ£Όν™” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 주도적인 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν–ˆλ˜ μ†Œμœ„ λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™ 지ν–₯의 기독ꡐ λΆ„νŒŒ 외에 μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ λ‹¨μ΄ˆλ₯Ό ν’ˆκ³  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬νšŒμš΄λ™μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆλ˜ κ°œμ‹ κ΅ 볡음주의 λΆ„νŒŒμ˜ 역사와 의미λ₯Ό λ˜μ‚΄λ €λ‚΄λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ΄ 될 것이닀. 1980λ…„λŒ€ ν•œκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ“±μž₯ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ€ 1940λ…„λŒ€ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λŒ€λ‘ν•œ μ‹ λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜ μš΄λ™μ˜ 영ν–₯으둜 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹ λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜ μš΄λ™μ˜ 성과물인 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‹˜ λ‚˜λΌμ— λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 해석, λ‘œμž”μ–Έμ•½ 그리고 κΈ°λ…κ΅μ„Έκ³„κ΄€μš΄λ™μ€ ν•œκ΅­ κ°œμ‹ κ΅μΈλ“€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό 신학적 Β· μ² ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ •λ‹Ήν™”ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” ν† λŒ€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 1980λ…„λŒ€ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ κ°œμ‹ κ΅μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ˜ μ±…μž„μ„ μžκ·Ήν•œ 것은 λ‹Ήμ‹œ ν™œλ°œν•˜κ²Œ μ „κ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ λ―Όμ£Όν™”μš΄λ™μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 미ꡭ의 μ‹ λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜ μš΄λ™μ€ 근본주의 μ„Έλ ₯과의 κ°ˆλ“±κ³Ό 뢄리λ₯Ό 톡해 μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  성격을 νšλ“ν•˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ, ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ€ 80λ…„λŒ€ λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™ ν˜Ήμ€ κ°œμ‹ κ΅μ˜ μ—νλ©”λ‹ˆμ»¬ μš΄λ™ μ§„μ˜μ˜ ν™œλ°œν•œ λ―Όμ£Όν™” μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μžκ·ΉμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ’…κ΅μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ±…μž„μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό λ…ΌμŸμ˜ λŒ€μƒμ΄ λ―Έκ΅­ λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” κ·Όλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™ μ§„μ˜μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이닀. 이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심은 λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™ μ§„μ˜κ³Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ μœ λ¬Όλ‘ μ΄λΌλŠ” 사상과 폭λ ₯혁λͺ…μ΄λΌλŠ” λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ—λŠ” 거리λ₯Ό λ‘μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ€ λ―Όμ£Όν™” μš΄λ™μ˜ 적극적 μ£Όμ²΄μ˜€λ˜ λ…Έλ™μž Β· 농민 λ“±μ˜ λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™, λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™μ„ 이둠적으둜 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•˜λŠ” 마λ₯΄ν¬μŠ€μ£Όμ˜, λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™κ³Ό 마λ₯΄ν¬μŠ€μ£Όμ˜μ˜ 신학적 수용의 결과인 민쀑신학, 민쀑신학을 기반으둜 μ‚¬νšŒμš΄λ™μ„ λ²Œμ˜€λ˜ μ—νλ©”λ‹ˆμ»¬ μ§„μ˜ λͺ¨λ‘μ™€ κ΅¬λ³„λ˜λŠ” μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 슀슀둜의 정체성을 κ·œμ •ν•˜μ˜€λ˜ 것이닀. 80λ…„λŒ€μ™€ 90λ…„λŒ€μ— ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ€ μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™κ³Ό 급진적인 μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„ν™”λ˜μ–΄ 각자의 μž…μž₯을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” λ…ΌμŸμ„ λ²Œμ΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 급진적인 λΆ„νŒŒλŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 마λ₯΄ν¬μŠ€μ£Όμ˜μ™€ 민쀑신학, 그리고 폭λ ₯혁λͺ…μ΄λΌλŠ” μš΄λ™μ „λž΅μ„ 일정 λΆ€λΆ„ μˆ˜μš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ λΆ„νŒŒλŠ” 이λ₯Ό λΉ„νŒν•˜λ©° 볡음주의 μ‹ μ•™μ˜ ν‹€ μ•ˆμ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬ μš΄λ™μ„ 지ν–₯ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 곡쑴의 μ‹œκΈ°λŠ” 짧게 λλ‚œλ‹€. 급진적인 μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 λΆ„νŒŒκ°€ 볡음주의 신앙을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ 마λ₯΄ν¬μŠ€μ£Όμ˜μ™€ 민쀑신학을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λŠ” 신학적 Β· μ‹€μ²œμ  ν† λŒ€λ₯Ό νƒ„μƒμ‹œν‚€μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 결과적으둜 κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 신앙을 버리고 μ†Œμœ„ μš΄λ™κΆŒμœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜λ ΄λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™ λ‚΄ μ—νλ©”λ‹ˆμ»¬ μ§„μ˜μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ „ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 급진적인 μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ€ μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™λ‹¨μ²΄λ₯Ό κ²°μ„±ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 볡음주의 λͺ©νšŒμžμ˜ 길을 μ„ νƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ€ λ―Όμ£Όν™” 이후 ν˜•μ„±λœ μ‹œλ―Όμ‚¬νšŒμ˜ κΈ°νšŒμ˜μ—­μ„ μž‘μ•„ κΈ°μœ€μ‹€μ΄λ‚˜ κ²½μ‹€λ ¨ λ“±μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™λ‹¨μ²΄λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ―Όμ£Όν™” 이후 ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™ ν˜•μ„±μ— 영ν–₯을 μ€€ 볡음주의 λΆ„νŒŒλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ 이 μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ΄λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ΄ ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ— 끼친 영ν–₯은 크게 μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ κ²°μ„±κ³Ό μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 성격 κ·œμ •μ΄λΌλŠ” 두 츑면을 지적할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 1980λ…„λŒ€ μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ€ 1987λ…„ κΈ°μœ€μ‹€κ³Ό 1989λ…„ 경싀련을 μ„€λ¦½ν•˜λŠ” λ“± 본격적인 μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™λ‹¨μ²΄λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν–ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ„±κ³΅μœΌλ‘œ 7,80λ…„λŒ€ λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™μ˜ 범주에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ 있던 μš΄λ™λ‹¨μ²΄λ“€μ΄ 80λ…„λŒ€ 말뢀터 κ·Έ 성격을 λ‹¬λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ 90λ…„λŒ€ 초 μ™„μ „ν•œ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 성격과 방식을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— 이λ₯Έλ‹€. μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ΄ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ— 끼친 두 번째 영ν–₯은 ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 성격을 κ·œμ •ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이닀. μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 λΆ„νŒŒλŠ” 볡음주의 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œμ˜ 급진적인 μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™κ³Ό 볡음주의 외뢀에 μžˆλŠ” λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™κ³Ό 마λ₯΄ν¬μŠ€μ£Όμ˜, 민쀑신학, 그리고 μ—νλ©”λ‹ˆμ»¬ μš΄λ™μ— λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 슀슀둜의 정체성을 κ·œμ •ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 정체성은 이듀이 ν˜•μ„±ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 초기 성격에도 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 이어진닀. μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 λΆ„νŒŒλŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ  λ―Όμ£Όν™”κ°€ μ„±μ·¨λœ 직후 μ„€λ¦½λœ κΈ°μœ€μ‹€κ³Ό 경싀련을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ„ 선점(ε…ˆε )ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ―Όμ€‘μš΄λ™μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™, 마λ₯΄ν¬μŠ€μ£Όμ˜κ°€ λ‚΄μ„Έμš°λŠ” 계급 μ •μΉ˜μ— λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 성격을 κ·œμ •ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. μ‹œλ―Όμ‚¬νšŒμ™€ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό 이둠적 λ…ΌμŸμ΄ 학계와 μš΄λ™ μ§„μ˜μ—μ„œ ν™œλ°œν•΄μ§€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 것은 1990λ…„λŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄μ„œμΈλ° ν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ€ κΈ°μœ€μ‹€κ³Ό 경싀련을 ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ μ „λ²”(ε…Έη―„)으둜 μ‚Όμ•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 κ·Έ λ™μ•ˆ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν¬μ°©λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 1987λ…„ λ―Όμ£Όν™” μ „ν›„ κ°œμ‹ κ΅ 볡음주의 μš΄λ™κ³Ό μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 관계에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ—ˆλ‹€. 기쑴의 ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™ ν˜•μ„±μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό ν•™κ³„μ˜ λ‹΄λ‘ μ—μ„œλŠ” 볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ κ°„κ³Όλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 성격을 κ·œμ •ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ˜ 역사와 νŠΉμ„±μ„ 밝힘으둜써 μ‚¬νšŒ 변동에 λŒ€ν•œ μ’…κ΅μ˜ λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 역할에 μ£Όλͺ©ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ 학문적 의의λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μžˆλ‹€.λͺ© μ°¨ ꡭ문초둝 β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ β…° λͺ©μ°¨ β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ β…΄ β… . μ„œλ‘  β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 1 1. λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ λͺ©μ κ³Ό 의의 β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 1 2. 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 4 3. λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ ꡬ성 β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 22 β…‘. ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의의 ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό λ°°κ²½ β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 30 1. λ°°κ²½ : λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹ λ³΅μŒμ£Όμ˜μ˜ 역사 β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 31 2. ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의의 ν˜•μ„± β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 37 3. ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의의 성격 β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 45 β…’. ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ˜ λΆ„ν™” β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 48 1. μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ˜ λΆ„ν™” β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 48 2. 급진적인 μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ˜ 발ν₯κ³Ό 쇠퇴 β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 61 3. μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬μ  볡음주의 μš΄λ™μ˜ λŒ€λ‘ β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 70 β…£. ν•œκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ μ‹œμž‘κ³Ό 볡음주의의 영ν–₯ β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 81 1. μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ κ²°μ„± β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 82 2. μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 성격 κ·œμ • β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 96 β…€. κ²°λ‘  β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 121 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 127 ABSTRACT β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’β€’ 137Maste

    Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Highly Efficient Far-Red to Near Infra-Red Emissive Ξ²-Dicyanodistyrylbenzene Derivatives

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μž¬λ£Œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€(ν•˜μ΄λΈŒλ¦¬λ“œ 재료), 2014. 2. λ°•μˆ˜μ˜.In the last decades, the immense interest in highly fluorescent Ο€-conjugated compounds which emit deep red to near infrared (NIR) in the solid state has been driven by their utilities toward advanced photonic applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, fluorescent chemosensors, organic solid-state lasers. However, most of organic red emitting fluorophores suffer from aggregation-caused quenching due to their characteristics of strong π–π stacking, dipole-dipole interaction or donor (D)-acceptor (A) charge transfer interaction. Thus, the development of strongly far-red to NIR emitting materials in the solid state is still challenging. Recently, highly fluorescent solid-state emitters based on 2Z,2'Z-3,3'(or2,2)-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene)bis(2(or3)-phenylacrylonitrile (MODCS) have been explored and contributed to establish the relationship between the molecular arrangement and the corresponding fluorescence features on aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) depending on the position of the pendant cyano group on the stilbene. As an extended work for further development of Ξ²-MODCS exhibiting strong deep red-NIR fluorescence, I herein report the synthesis of the D-A-D-A-D type Ξ²-dicyanodistyrylbenzene (Ξ²-DCS) derivatives that have various N-amine moieties (Ξ²-MODEADCS, Ξ²-MODBADCS, Ξ²-MODPADCS, Ξ²-EODEADCS) with emission maximum peaks in the range of 650 nm and 718 nm. Among them, Ξ²-MODEADCS especially exhibits emission in the Near Infra-Red region with quite good quantum efficiency (Π€FL = 0.42). These unique highly emissive properties in the solid-state were thoroughly investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime measurement, electrochemical measurement, and single crystal X-ray analysis. Furthermore, we also present Ξ²-dicyanodistyrylbenzene based highly red fluorescent amphiphilic molecules Ξ²-EODEADCS and Ξ²-wedge DEADCS. Their optical properties and intriguing nanostructures in water were obtained by DLS, SEM, cryo-TEM experiments and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Based on the understanding of their optoelectrical characteristics, we demonstrated p-type single crystal organic field-effect transistors (SC-OFETs) using high crystalline Ξ²-MODEADCS and bio-imaging with self-assembled nanoparticles of Ξ²-EODEADCS.Contents Abstract i Contents iv List of Tables vii List of Schemes viii List of Figures ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Highly Efficient Solid-state Emissive Ο€-conjugated Organic Materials 1 1.2 Aggregation-induced enhanced emission(AIEE) 4 1.2.1 Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) 7 1.2.2 Fluorescent optical recording media 10 1.2.3 Biological imaging 12 1.3 Characteristics and Significance of Far-red Fluorophores 14 1.4 Research objective 16 1.5 Bibliography 17 Chapter 2 Synthesis and Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Ξ²-Dicyanodistyrylbenzene Derivatives exhibiting Highly Efficient Solid-state Emission in the Far-red to Near Infra-Red Region 20 2.1 Design concept and Target materials 20 2.2 Experimental 25 2.2.1 Synthesis 25 2.2.2 Sample preparation 29 2.2.3 Spectroscopic characterization 30 2.2.4 X-ray and Thermal analysis 31 2.2.5 Quantum chemical calculation 31 2.3 Results and Discussion 32 2.3.1 Optical properties in various phases 32 2.3.2 Single crystal analysis of Ξ²-MODEADCS 41 2.3.3 Luminescence switching by Mechanical and Thermal stimuli 46 2.3.4 Fabrication and Measurement of SC-OFETs 52 2.4 Conclusion 56 2.5 Bibliography 57 Chapter 3 Novel Far-Red Fluorescent Molecules forming Self-assembled Nanostructure in Aqueous Systems: Introducing Ethyleneoxide Groups to the Ξ²-DCS Core 59 3.1 Design concept and Target materials 59 3.2 Experimental 62 3.2.1 Synthesis 62 3.2.2 Spectroscopic characterization 67 3.2.3 Thermal analysis and Morphological analysis 68 3.2.4 Quantum chemical calculation 69 3.3 Results and Discussion 70 3.3.1 Photophysical property 70 3.3.2 Fabrication of self-assembled nanostructures and Morphology 76 3.3.3 In vitro Cell imaging 81 3.4 Conclusion 85 3.5 Bibliography 87 Abstract in Korean 88 List of Presentations 91Maste

    선별검사 도ꡬ 개발 과정을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έ μš°μšΈμ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” μ§€μ‹μ˜ ν˜•μ„±, 1993~2011 ν•œκ΅­

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μžμ—°κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ ν˜‘λ™κ³Όμ • 과학사및과학철학전곡, 2020. 8. 이두갑.λ³Έ 논문은 1993λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2011λ…„ 사이 ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μš°μšΈμ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 지식이 ν˜•μ„±λœ 과정을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ³Έ 논문은 λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜ 역학쑰사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 우울증 선별검사 도ꡬ가 개발된 λ°°κ²½κ³Ό 적용 과정을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ–Έλ‘  기사λ₯Ό λΉ„λ‘―ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 우울증 연ꡬ에 자주 μΈμš©λ˜λŠ” 우울증 μœ λ³‘λ₯  κ°’μ˜ ν˜•μ„± 과정을 λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 우울증 선별검사 도ꡬ가 κ°œλ°œλ˜λŠ” 데에 두 가지 λ§₯락이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 1995λ…„ 정신보건법 μ œμ • 이후 ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 정신보건정책이 수용 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ •μ±…μ—μ„œ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒ 정신보건 μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œ μ „ν–₯ν•œ 것이닀. μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒ 정신보건정책은 νƒˆμ›ν™”(deinstitutionalization)와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜μ„ ν™λ³΄ν•˜κ³  쑰기에 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ •μ‹  의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 이용λ₯ μ„ λ†’μ΄λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ λ‘”λ‹€. 이에 μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ μ‹€νƒœλ₯Ό λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨λ‘œ 쑰사할 ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ λŒ€λ‘λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 쑰사에 μ•žμ„œμ„œ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것이 우울증 선별검사 λ„κ΅¬μ˜€λ‹€. 두 번째 λ§₯락은 OECD μžμ‚΄λ₯  1μœ„ κ΅­κ°€λΌλŠ” 였λͺ…κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μžμ‚΄μ΄ μ‚¬νšŒμ  이슈둜 λ– μ˜€λ₯΄λ©΄μ„œ 2000λ…„λŒ€ 초 두 차둀에 걸쳐 μ‹€μ‹œλœ μžμ‚΄μ˜ˆλ°©μ’…ν•©λŒ€μ±…μ˜ μ‹€μ‹œλ‹€. μžμ‚΄μ˜ˆλ°©μ’…ν•©λŒ€μ±…μ€ μžμ‚΄μ˜ μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ 지λͺ©ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μžμ‚΄ κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 잠재적인 우울증 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ„ λ³„ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” 일을 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 과제둜 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œλŒ€μ  배경을 염두에 λ‘λ©΄μ„œ 우울증 선별검사 λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 개발 과정을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 선별검사 λ„κ΅¬λŠ” μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 도ꡬ와 우울감의 정도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” λ„κ΅¬λ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰œλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 우울감의 정도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” λ„κ΅¬λŠ” μš°μšΈμ¦μƒκ΅°μ„ κ°€λ €λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μž„μƒ μ§„λ‹¨κ³ΌλŠ” 닀름에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 우울감의 정도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 도ꡬ가 μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 도ꡬ보닀 μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°„νŽΈν•˜κ³  λ‹¨μˆœν•˜μ—¬ 역학쑰사λ₯Ό 포함해 μ–Έλ‘  κΈ°μ‚¬λ‚˜ 지역ꡬ μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ„Όν„°μ˜ μžκ°€κ²€μ§„ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ λ¬Έν•­ λ“±μ—μ„œ 마치 μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” λ„κ΅¬μ²˜λŸΌ ν˜Όλ™λ˜μ–΄ μ“°μΈλ‹€λŠ” 점을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 진단 도ꡬ라고 ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ μ—­ν•™μ‘°μ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 진단은 μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€λ‚˜ μž μ •μ μΈ(tentative) κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ„ κ°€λ €λ‚΄ 치료둜 μΈλ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μ΄μ§€ μž„μƒ μ˜μ‚¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ‚΄λ €μ§€λŠ” 정식 진단이라고 λ³Ό 수 μ—†λ‹€. λ”λΆˆμ–΄ λ³Έ 논문은 우울증 선별검사 도ꡬ가 λ²ˆμ—­λ˜λŠ” 과정이 ν•œκ΅­μΈμ΄ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μ˜ 우울이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ³ λ €λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ 이루어진 문항이 ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ λ²ˆμ—­λ˜λŠ”, μ–΄μ˜μ μΈ μ°¨μ›μ˜ λ²ˆμ—­μ— κ·Έμ³€λ‹€λŠ” 점도 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 또 λ²ˆμ—­ 이후 선별검사 κ²°κ³Ό μ μˆ˜μ—μ„œ λͺ‡ μ κΉŒμ§€λ₯Ό 우울증이라고 λ³Ό 것인지에 따라, 즉 μ΅œμ μ ˆλ‹¨μ (cut-off score)을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‘˜ 것인지에 λ”°λΌμ„œ 우울증 μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ€ 크게 λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ 수 있으며, 이 값은 κ΅­κ°€λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ 수 있고, 또 같은 κ΅­κ°€ μ•ˆμ—μ„œλ„ μ—­ν•™μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ— 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό 톡해 λ³Έ 논문은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 글에 λ¬Έμ œμ—†μ΄ 인용될 만큼 μš°μšΈμ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 지식이 객관성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•œ λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  κ³ μ •λœ 지식이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°, 우울증의 진단과 우울 μ¦μƒμ˜ 츑정이 ν˜Όλ™λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ , μœ λ³‘λ₯  μžμ²΄κ°€ λͺ©μ μ— 맞게 μ‘°μœ¨λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λŠ” λ“± νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ  λ°°κ²½κ³Ό 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μ— 따라 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λŠ” κ°’μ΄λΌλŠ” 점을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 우울증 μœ λ³‘λ₯  값이 ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―ΈμΈμ§€ ν•΄μ„ν•˜κΈ° 이전에 ν•΄λ‹Ή μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μƒμ‚°λœ 과정을 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄λŠ” 것은 기쑴에 ν’€κΈ° μ–΄λ €μ› λ˜ 문제(우울증 치료 ν™˜μžλŠ” λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”λ° μ–΄μ§Έμ„œ μžμ‚΄λ₯ μ€ 쀄어듀지 μ•ŠλŠ”κ°€? 여성이 남성보닀 μš°μšΈμ¦μ— μ·¨μ•½ν•œλ° μ™œ 남성이 더 많이 μžμ‚΄ν•˜λŠ”κ°€? λ“±)의 μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬λ₯Ό 우울증 μ§€μ‹μ˜ 생산 κ·Έ μžμ²΄μ—μ„œ 찾을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œ 더 μ£Όλͺ©ν•΄μ™”λŠ”μ§€, 또 λˆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό μžŠμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ„±μ°°ν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ””μ„œ κ°œμž…ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ₯Ό ꡬ체적으둜 κ²°μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλ‹€.This paper examines how the knowledge of measuring depression and depressive symptoms was formed in South Korea between 1993 and 2011. This paper critically analyzes the formation process of the value of depression prevalence rate, which is often cited in various depression studies and media articles. To this end, this thesis examines how the depression and depressive symptoms screening tool for large-scale mental disorders epidemiologic study was developed and how this tool was applied in actual studies. Two contexts played a significant role in the development of depression and depressive symptoms screening tool in South Korea. First, since the enactment of the Mental Health Act in 1995, the national mental heath policy put more emphasis on community-based mental health services than institutionalization-based psychiatric services. Community-based mental health policies with deinstitutionalization aim to detect mental disorders in the early phase to help people utilize mental health services. This transformation called for the need to survey mental disorder status in a national scale. The screening tool for depression was the first to be developed for this large-scale investigation. Second, in the early 2000s, South Korea was infamous for the highest suicide rate among the OECD countries. Against this backdrop, the government implemented the the National Suicide Prevention Strategies twice. The National Suicide Prevention Strategies made the task to screen potential depression patients as a high-risk suicide group crucial, pointing to depression as the cause of suicide. Screening tools are divided into two kinds, one for diagnosing depression and the other for measuring the degree of depressive symptoms. Although the tools to measure the degree of depressive symptoms cannot make clinical diagnosis by itself, its simplicity leads people to use the tool to diagnose depression online and offline in forms of media articles, epidemiologic surveys, and self-examination questions. It is worth noting that the diagnosis in epidemiologic study is tentatively held only to identify risk groups and guide them to be given appropriate treatment. The diagnosis is not a formal diagnosis made by a clinical physician. This paper also examines the process of translating depression screening tool. In result, this paper shows that depression experienced by Koreans was not fully considered nor translated, but rather the questions in English were translated into Korean only on a linguistic level. After translation, the prevalence of depression can vary significantly depending on how the cut-off score is placed. The cut-off score may vary from country to country, and even within the same country, it may also vary depending on the purpose of the epidemiologic study. Combining the discussion above, this paper argues that the knowledge of measuring depression is not solid. The diagnosis of depression and the measurement of depressive symptoms often confused, and the prevalence rate itself can be coordinated contingently on a specific temporal, social, and disciplinary context. "Why doesn't the suicide rate decrease as the number of patients treated for depression increases?" "Why do men commit suicide more than women, when women are more vulnerable to depression than men?" These questions are hard to answer. I believe that looking into the process of how these figures were produced will give us clues to solve these difficult problems before fully understanding what the value of depression prevalence means in Korean society. It is because the cause of these problems may be linked to the production of depression knowledge itself. In this regard, a critical analysis on the process of producing knowledge of depression is meaningful in that one can reflect on who we have been paying more attention to and who we have forgotten, and decide where to intervene.1. μ„œλ‘  1 2. 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  및 이둠적 μžμ› 12 2.1. 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  12 2.2. 이둠적 μžμ› 18 3. 우울증 역학쑰사와 μΈ‘μ • 도ꡬ 개발의 λ§₯락 22 3.1. μ •μ‹ λ³΄κ±΄μ²΄κ³„μ˜ 섀립 22 3.2. 제1, 2μ°¨ μžμ‚΄μ˜ˆλ°©μ’…ν•©λŒ€μ±… 28 4. 우울증 μΈ‘μ • λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 개발과 적용 34 4.1. μΈ‘μ • λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 우울, λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 선별검사 40 4.2. κ΅­κ°€κ°„ 비ꡐλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ΅œμ μ ˆλ‹¨μ  μ„€μ • 58 5. κ²°λ‘  72 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 81 Abstract 100Maste

    λ² κ²Œλ„ˆμ˜ λŒ€λ₯™μ΄λ™μ„€ μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚œ κ³Όν•™ ν™œλ™μ—μ„œμ˜ 이둠 선택 κ³Όμ • 연ꡬ

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    κ³ λ“±ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ 처음 지ꡬ과학을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ λ°°μš°λŠ” 것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” νŒκ΅¬μ‘°λ‘ μ΄λ‹€. 이 λ•Œ 학생듀은 판ꡬ쑰둠의 λͺ¨νƒœκ°€ 된 λ² κ²Œλ„ˆμ˜ λŒ€λ₯™μ΄λ™μ„€ μ—­μ‹œ ν•¨κ»˜ 배우게 λœλ‹€. 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν”νžˆ λ“£λŠ” μ„€λͺ…은, λ² κ²Œλ„ˆμ˜ λŒ€λ₯™μ΄λ™μ„€μ€ λ‹Ήμ‹œ λŒ€λ₯™μ΄λ™μ˜ 원동λ ₯을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄ 받아듀여지지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이닀. 이 글은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ„€λͺ…에 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜κ³  그에 λ§žλŠ” 닡을 슀슀둜 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚˜κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹œλ„λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λŒ€λ₯™μ΄λ™μ„€μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ 40λ…„ ν›„ 판ꡬ쑰둠의 성립에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ§€μ§ˆν•™ 혁λͺ… 과정은 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³Όν•™ν˜λͺ…λ§ŒνΌμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλž˜λ„ 적지 μ•Šμ€ 수의 ν•™μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. μ§€μ§ˆν•™ 혁λͺ… κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™μž μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ 보여쀀 κ²©λ ¬ν•œ μ κ°œμ‹¬κ³Ό 또 그에 λŒ€λΉ„λ˜λŠ” 판ꡬ쑰둠의 μˆ˜μ›”ν•œ μˆ˜μš©μ€ λ§Žμ€ κ³Όν•™μ² ν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό κ³Όν•™μ‚¬ν•™μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν₯미둜운 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ¦¬λΌ μ§μž‘ν•œλ‹€. 그듀이 ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 주된 μž‘μ—…μ€ 크게 두 κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰œλ‹€. μ²«μ§ΈλŠ” μ§€μ§ˆν•™ 혁λͺ…이 μ–΄λ– ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κΈ°μ‘΄ κ³Όν•™μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ œμ‹œν•œ 방법둠적 틀을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” 것이고, λ‘˜μ§ΈλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ°°λ˜λŠ” κ³Όν•™ ν™œλ™μ—μ„œμ˜ 합리성에 λŒ€ν•΄ νƒκ΅¬ν•΄λ³΄λŠ” 것이닀. λ‚˜ μ—­μ‹œ μ§€μ§ˆν•™ 혁λͺ… 과정이 κ³Όν•™ ν™œλ™μ—μ„œ 이둠 μ„ νƒμ˜ 과정이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 사둀가 될 수 있으리라 νŒλ‹¨ν–ˆλ‹€

    방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인지가 μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό 가격 및 μ†ŒλΉ„μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 뢄석

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 농업생λͺ…κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ λ†κ²½μ œμ‚¬νšŒν•™λΆ€, 2018. 2. λ…Έμž¬μ„ .μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ€ 2011λ…„ 3월에 λ°œμƒν•œ 동일본 λŒ€μ§€μ§„κ³Ό ν›„μΏ μ‹œλ§ˆ μ›μ „μ˜ 방사λŠ₯ 유좜 μ‚¬κ³ λ‘œ 방사λŠ₯ μ˜€μ—Όλœ λ†μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ†ŒλΉ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ„ λŠκΌˆλ‹€. μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ€ 방사성 물질 λ…ΈμΆœλ‘œ 인해 건강에 이상이 생긴닀고 μΈμ‹ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ Β·μ‹¬λ¦¬μ  인식은 μœ„ν—˜μ§€κ° μž‘μš©μ˜ 핡심 μš”μΈμ΄ λœλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 방사성 물질 λ…ΈμΆœκ³Ό 이둜 μΈν•œ 건강 μœ„ν•΄μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ–Έλ‘ μ˜ 보도 등은 μœ„ν—˜ ν˜„μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ„ κ°€μ€‘μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€. 이처럼, 방사λŠ₯ 유좜 μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” μ‹€μ œ μœ„ν—˜λ³΄λ‹€ μ†ŒλΉ„μžκ°€ λŠλΌλŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ΄ 크며, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황 λ³€ν™”λŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μž 슀슀둜 μžμ‹ μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λ €λŠ” μ„±ν–₯을 보이게 λœλ‹€. 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜ 인지에 λ”°λ₯Έ 건강 보호 μ„±ν–₯ 및 κ΅¬λ§€ν–‰νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜λ¬Έμ—μ„œ μΆœλ°œν•œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄ 증가에 따라 λ―Έμ—­ 가격, 전체 μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό 및 λͺ…νƒœ μ†ŒλΉ„μ— μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. μ†ŒλΉ„μžλŠ” μœ„ν—˜ λ°œμƒ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λΆˆμ•ˆκ° μ™„ν™” 및 건강 보호λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„λ₯Ό ν•œλ‹€. 특히, 방사λŠ₯ 유좜 사고 λ°œμƒ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 방사λŠ₯의 μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 미역이 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ†ŒλΉ„ ν˜„μƒμ— 따라 μ–΄λ–€ 가격변동을 κ°€μ Έμ™”λŠ”μ§€ μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 방사λŠ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ΄ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Όκ³Ό 특히 μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œ μˆ˜μž…μ΄ λ§Žμ€ λͺ…νƒœ μ†ŒλΉ„κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λŠ”μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λͺ©μ μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. 첫째, 방사λŠ₯의 μœ„ν—˜μ΄ λ†’μ•„μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ 방사λŠ₯의 μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„ λŒ€μƒμΈ 미역에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ ν˜„μƒμ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ μ†ŒλΉ„λ₯Ό 톡해 μœ„μ•ˆμ„ μ–»λŠ” 행동 μ–‘μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄λ‘œ 인해 미역가격 변화에 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄κ°€ κ΅­λ‚΄ μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ†ŒλΉ„ 및 μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œ μˆ˜μž…μ΄ λ§Žμ€ ν’ˆλͺ©μΈ λͺ…νƒœ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ— 미친 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅­λ‚΄ μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό 및 λͺ…νƒœ μ†ŒλΉ„μ— 방사λŠ₯ 영ν–₯이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ‹€μ¦λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ©μ μ—μ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 두 개의 μ†Œλ…Όλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫 번째 논문은 λ―Έμ—­ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰, λ―Έμ—­ μˆ˜μž…Β·μˆ˜μΆœλŸ‰, λ―Έμ—­ μ†Œλ§€κ°€κ²©, λ―Έμ—­ μ†ŒλΉ„ μ§€μΆœμ•‘, 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄μ˜ 자료λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„ ν˜„μƒμ΄ 방사λŠ₯ 유좜 사고 λ°œμƒμ—λ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό VAR 뢄석을 톡해 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. VAR 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보면 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜ μ •λ³΄λŠ” λ―Έμ—­ μ†Œλ§€κ°€κ²©κ³Ό μ–‘(+)의 κ΄€κ³„λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄κ°€ λ§Žμ•„μ§€λ©΄ 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ΄ 높아지고 μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ―Έμ—­ μ†ŒλΉ„κ°€ λ§Žμ•„μ§€λ©΄μ„œ μ†Œλ§€κ°€κ²©μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ―Έμ—­ μ§€μΆœμ•‘κ³Όλ„ μ–‘(+)의 관계λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λŠ”λ° 이 μ—­μ‹œ 미역에 λŒ€ν•œ μ§€μΆœμ„ 늘림으둜써 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μœ„μ•ˆμ„ μ–»λŠ” ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ™νƒœμ  μŠΉμˆ˜λΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄, 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄μ˜ 좩격은 미역가격에 μ–‘μ˜ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 결둠적으둜 λ―Έμ—­ μ†Œλ§€κ°€κ²©κ³Ό 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄ 간에 유의 관계가 μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ˜€κ³ , μ΄λŠ” 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„ ν˜„μƒμ΄ λ―Έμ—­ μ†Œλ§€κ°€κ²©μ— 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μœ μΆ”ν•΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. 두 번째 논문은 가계동ν–₯쑰사(2006λ…„~2013λ…„)의 μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό 및 λͺ…νƒœ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ„ 각각의 μ’…μ†λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜κ³  방사λŠ₯ 영ν–₯을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 방사λŠ₯ 영ν–₯이 전체 μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ— 미친 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, 방사λŠ₯ 사고 이전보닀 이후 μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ— 음(-)의 κ΄€κ³„λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ, 방사λŠ₯ 영ν–₯이 λͺ…νƒœ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ— μ€€ 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ¦κ°€λŠ” λͺ…νƒœ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ— 음(-)의 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 방사λŠ₯ 사고 이후에도 λͺ…νƒœ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ΄ κ°μ†Œν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ§€μΆœμ•‘κ³Ό 달리 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄λ³€μˆ˜μ™€ 방사λŠ₯ 사고 더미 λ³€μˆ˜ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λͺ…νƒœ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ— 음(-)의 영ν–₯을 μ€€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 방사λŠ₯ 사고가 일본산 μˆ˜μž…μ΄ λ§Žμ€ λͺ…νƒœ μ†ŒλΉ„μ— 직간접적인 영ν–₯을 μ€€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. 즉, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 뢄석결과λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 일본의 방사λŠ₯ 유좜 사고가 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Όμ—λ„ 방사λŠ₯ μ˜€μ—Όμ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œ μˆ˜μž…ν•œ μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ 거뢀감은 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. μ‹ν’ˆ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄μ™€ μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„ ν˜„μƒμ— λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅­λ‚΄ μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό 가격에 κ΄€ν•œ 뢄석과 μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ†ŒλΉ„λ³€ν™”μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ν–₯ν›„ 이에 λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λŠ” μœ ν†΅, 판맀, μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ μ ˆν•œ μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ •μ±…λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μž¬λ‚œ 및 사고 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 정책을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λŠ”λ° μœ μš©ν•œ 정보 μ œκ³΅μ— ν™œμš©λ  것을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€. μ£Όμš”μ–΄ : 방사λŠ₯μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄, μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„, VAR λͺ¨ν˜•, μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό μ†ŒλΉ„, λͺ…νƒœ μ†ŒλΉ„ ν•™ 번 : 2011-30332 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄κ°€ 미역가격 변화에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 1 1.1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.2. 이둠적 κ³ μ°° 5 1.2.1. μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„ ν˜„μƒμ˜ 이둠적 κ³ μ°° 5 1.2.2. 방사λŠ₯ 유좜 사고와 μœ„μ•ˆ μ†ŒλΉ„ ν˜„μƒ 6 1.3. 연ꡬ방법 10 1.3.1. μ‹œκ³„μ—΄μžλ£Œμ˜ λ‹¨μœ„κ·Ό κ²€μ • 10 1.3.2. 벑터 μžκΈ°νšŒκ·€λͺ¨ν˜•(Vector Autoregression) 11 1.3.3. Granger 인과검정(Granger Casuality Test) 13 1.3.4. λ™νƒœ 승수 ν•¨μˆ˜(Dynamic-multiplier function) 14 1.4. 자료 및 λ³€μˆ˜ 15 1.5. 뢄석결과 22 1.5.1. μ‹œκ³„μ—΄μžλ£Œμ˜ λ‹¨μœ„κ·Ό κ²€μ • κ²°κ³Ό 22 1.5.2. μ‹œμ°¨κ²°μ • 24 1.5.3. 벑터 μžκΈ°νšŒκ·€λͺ¨ν˜•(Vector Autoregression) 25 1.5.4. Granger 인과검정 κ²°κ³Ό 29 1.5.5. λ™νƒœ 승수 ν•¨μˆ˜(Dynamic-multiplier function) 31 1.6. μš”μ•½ 및 κ²°λ‘  35 방사λŠ₯ μœ„ν—˜ 정보가 전체 μˆ˜μ‚°λ¬Ό 및 λͺ…νƒœμ˜ μ†ŒλΉ„ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 뢄석 37 2.1. μ„œλ‘  37 2.2. 연ꡬ방법 41 2.3. λΆ„μ„μžλ£Œ 및 λ³€μˆ˜ 44 2.4. 뢄석결과 49 2.5. μš”μ•½ 및 κ²°λ‘  59 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 62 [1]λ…Όλ¬Έ 62 [2]λ…Όλ¬Έ 68 뢀둝 2 71Docto

    Mismatch Negativityλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ˜ κ΄€ν•΄ 예츑 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ μ˜ν•™κ³Ό, 2018. 8. κΆŒμ€€μˆ˜.μ„œλ‘ : μ‘°ν˜„λ³‘μ„ 쑰기에 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  λ°œλ³‘μ„ 예방 및 μ§€μ—°μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ‘°ν˜„λ³‘ 전ꡬ기 증상을 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 ν™œλ°œνžˆ 이루어져 μ™”λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 정신병이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ 쀄어듀고, 정신병이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ”λΌλ„ λ‚˜μœ μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 많음이 μ•Œλ €μ§€λ©΄μ„œ, 정신병 λ°œμƒκ³Ό 상관 없이 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅° μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ κ΄€ν•΄λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 생물학적 ν‘œμ§€μž 발꡴의 ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ λŒ€λ‘λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ‘°ν˜„λ³‘ μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ—μ„œ Mismatch Negativity (MMN) λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 6λ…„μ˜ 좔적 κ΄€μ°° κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 방법: 총 48λͺ…μ˜ 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ—μ„œ 연ꡬ μ°Έμ—¬ μ‹œμ μ— μž„μƒ 평가λ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 이후 좔적 μž„μƒ 평가λ₯Ό μ΅œλŒ€ 6λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μΌμ •ν•œ κ°„κ²©μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž„μƒ 평가 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ„ κ΄€ν•΄κ΅°κ³Ό λΉ„κ΄€ν•΄κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ , 연ꡬ μ°Έμ—¬ μ‹œμ μ— μΈ‘μ •λœMMN 진폭과 μ–‘ λŒ€λ‡Œ 반ꡬ의 μƒλΆ€μΈ‘λ‘μ΄λž‘κ³Ό ν•˜λΆ€μ „λ‘μ΄λž‘μ— μž¬κ΅¬μ„±λœ MMN 생성 λΆ€μœ„ μ „λ₯˜ 크기λ₯Ό 집단 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 정신증 κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅° μƒνƒœλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ κ΄€ν•΄, μ•½ν™”λœ μ–‘μ„± 증상, μ „λ°˜μ  κΈ°λŠ₯ μƒνƒœμ˜ νšŒλ³΅μ„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ” 인자λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ νšŒκ·€ 뢄석을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό: 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ—μ„œ κ΄€ν•΄κ΅°κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ 비관해ꡰ은 연ꡬ μ°Έμ—¬ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ 더 μž‘μ€ MMN 진폭을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘œμ§€μŠ€ν‹± νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œ 전두 λΆ€μœ„ μ „κ·Ήμ—μ„œ μΈ‘μ •ν•œ MMN 진폭이 κ΄€ν•΄λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 인자둜 λ„μΆœλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 닀쀑 νšŒκ·€ λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œ MMN 진폭과 ν•­μ •μ‹ λ³‘μ œμ˜ μ‚¬μš©, ꡐ윑 μ—° μˆ˜κ°€ μ•½ν™”λœ 정신병적 μ¦μƒμ˜ ν˜Έμ „μ„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 우츑 μƒλΆ€μΈ‘λ‘μ΄λž‘κ³Ό ν•˜λΆ€μ „λ‘μ΄λž‘μ˜ MMN 생성 λΆ€μœ„ μ „λ₯˜ 크기, λ‚˜μ΄, ν•­μš°μšΈμ œμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κΈ°λŠ₯의 νšŒλ³΅μ„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°λ‘ : λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” MMN이 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ—μ„œ 정신병 λ°œλ³‘κ³Ό 상관 없이 μ˜ˆν›„ 자체λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ° μœ λ§ν•œ 예츑 μΈμžκ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. 정신증 μž„μƒμ  κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅° 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° MMN을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 쑰기에 μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μ μ ˆν•œ 치료λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움을 받을 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.Abstract i Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures v List of Abbreviations vii I. Introduction 1 II. Methods 4 III. Results 8 IV. Discussion 24 V. Conclusion 27 VI. References 28 Abstract in Korean 33Docto

    Prediction of small-for-gestational age by fetal growth rate according to gestational age

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    BACKGROUND: Small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants should be identified before birth because of an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of fetal growth rate by gestational age on the prediction of SGA and to identify the optimal time to initiate intensive fetal monitoring to detect SGA in low-risk women. We also sought to determine which the ultrasonographic parameters that contribute substantially to the birthweight determination. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 442 healthy pregnant women with singleton pregnancies. There were 328 adequate-for-gestational age (AGA) neonates and 114 SGA infants delivered between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. We compared the biparietal diameters (BPD), head circumferences (HC), abdominal circumferences (AC), femur lengths (FL), and estimated fetal weights (EFW) obtained on each ultrasound to determine which of these parameters was the best indicator of SGA. We created receiver operating characteristic curves, calculated the areas under the curves (AUCs), and analyzed the data using multivariable logistic regressions to assess the ultrasound screening performances and identify the best predictive factor. RESULTS: Among the four ultrasonographic parameters, the AC measurement between 24+0~28+6 weeks achieved a sensitivity of 79.5% and a specificity of 71.7%, with an AUC of 0.806 in the prediction of SGA. AC showed consistently higher AUCs above 0.8 with 64~80% sensitivities as gestational age progressed. EFW measurements from 33+0~35+6 gestational weeks achieved a sensitivity of 60.6% and a specificity of 87.6%, with an AUC of 0.826. In a conditional growth model developed from the linear mixed regression, the value differences between AC and EFW in the SGA and AGA groups became even more pronounced after 33+0~35+6 weeks. CONCLUSION: Healthy low-risk women with a low fetal AC after 24 weeks' gestation need to be monitored carefully for fetal growth to identify SGA infants with a risk for adverse perinatal outcomes.ope

    Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prenatal Aneuploidy Screening and Diagnostic Testing from Korean Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine: (1) Prenatal Aneuploidy Screening

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    In 2019, the Korean Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine developed the first Korean clinical practice guidelines for prenatal aneuploidy screening and diagnostic testing. These guidelines were developed by adapting established clinical practice guidelines in other countries that were searched systematically, and the guidelines aim to assist in decision making of healthcare providers providing prenatal care and to be used as a source for education and communication with pregnant women in Korea. This article delineates clinical practice guidelines specifically for maternal serum screening for fetal aneuploidy and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening. A total of 19 key questions (12 for maternal serum and 7 for cfDNA screening) were defined. The main recommendations are: 1) Pregnant women should be informed of common fetal aneuploidy that can be detected, risks for chromosomal abnormality according to the maternal age, detection rate and false positive rate for common fetal aneuploidy with each screening test, limitations, as well as the benefits and risks of invasive diagnostic testing, 2) It is ideal to give counseling about prenatal aneuploidy screening and diagnostic testing at the first prenatal visit, and counseling is recommended to be given early in pregnancy, 3) All pregnant women should be informed about maternal serum screening regardless of their age, 4) cfDNA screening can be used for the screening of trisomy 21, 18, 13 and sex-chromosome aneuploidy. It is not recommended for the screening of microdeletion, 5) The optimal timing of cfDNA screening is 10 weeks of gestation and beyond, and 6) cfDNA screening is not recommended for women with multiple gestations. The guideline was reviewed and approved by the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.ope

    Assessment of predictive markers for placental inflammatory response in preterm births

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    Placental inflammatory response (PIR) is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes such as sepsis, cerebral palsy, low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal mortality. However, there is an urgent need for noninvasive and sensitive biomarkers for prediction of PIR. In this study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of maternal serum inflammatory markers for prediction of PIR in women with impending preterm birth. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 483 patients who delivered preterm neonates. Serum levels of leukocyte differential counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were compared between women with no placental inflammation and women with PIR. The mean neutrophil counts, CRP levels, and NLR in both the patients with histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) alone and those with HCA with funisitis were significantly higher than those in women with no placental inflammation. Compared to leukocyte subset or CRP, NLR in women with funisitis was significantly higher than in women with HCA alone and showed higher predictive accuracy, along with 71.4% sensitivity, 77.9% specificity, 80.7% positive predictive value, and 67.8% negative predictive value for prediction of PIR. On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, women with both an elevated level of CRP and a high NLR had a shorter admission-to-delivery interval compared to women with either an elevated level of CRP or a high NLR alone. NLR may be a predictive marker of PIR and could be used as a cost-effective parameter for identifying women at risk of PIR.ope
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