러시아 가계의 소득 충격 대응전략

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사회과학대학 경제학부, 2019. 2. 김병연 .본고의 연구목적은 비공식경제활동의 소득 충격에 대한 대응전략으로서의 역할을 검증 하는 데에 있다. 실증분석을 위하여 러시아 가구패널자료 (RLMS-HSE) 의 2002년-2015년 사이의 정보가 이용되었다. 장기간 축적된 RLMS-HSE의 풍부한 정보, 상대적으로 낮은 표본탈락(attrition)의 문제, 그리고 데이터의 용이한 접근성 등은 장기간에 걸친 불황 및 경제충격과 사람들의 대응행동을 분석하기에 적합한 강점이다. 소득충격과 다양한 형태의 비공식노동과의 관계(2장), 그리고 친척 또는 지인간 사전이전 및 가내생산과의 관계(3장) 및 각각의 소비평탄화 효과(4장) 등을 로짓모형, 멀티로짓모형, 그리고 이중차분 모형을 통하여 검정하였다. 특히 본고는 임금지불유예, 임금삭감, 강제적인 무급휴가 등에 의한 임금충격을 소득충격 변수로서 활용하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 2007년 이후 시행된 최저임금제도의 개혁을 이중차분 모형과 함께 활용하여 내생성의 문제점을 보완하고자 하였다. 결론적으로, 본고의 실증분석은 러시아의 비공식 경제가 경제충격에 취약한 계층이 선택하게 되는 소득충격 대응전략으로서의 부분적인 역할을 함과 동시에 경제환경과 제도의 높은 불확실성 하에서 전략적이고 자발적인 선택으로서의 역할이 혼재되어 있다고 평가할 수 있겠다.Russia began its transition toward a market economy in the early 1990s. However, its transition has not been smooth as it experienced a severe transition recession and several economic crises in the 1990s-2010s. This led households to use various coping strategies in response to these negative economic conditions and high uncertainty. These coping strategies include not only formal but also informal economic activities. In this regard, Russia is an interesting case for understanding household informal economic activities as a coping strategy given a large income shock. This thesis sets out to analyze the coping strategies of Russian households in a response to income shocks using the data from the Russian Monitoring Longitudinal Survey of the Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) for the years 2002 to 2015. In more detail, it addresses the following three questions: 1) To what extent did business cycles affect informal economic activities? 2) Which coping strategies were utilized to respond to income shocks? 3) To what extent did such coping strategies contribute to consumption smoothing? This study finds that informal economic activities in the form of working without contract rose during a boom but not a recession. By contrast, unincorporated self-employment is not associated with business cycles. This finding suggests that part of Russias informal economy is driven by the demand side rather than by the supply side. Also, this thesis examined the causality relationship between income shocks and coping strategies. The estimated results rejected the hypothesis (H0: Causal relation). Similarly, there are no significant consumption smoothing effects of such informal coping strategies. The main contribution of this thesis is that we studied empirically on households shock adapting responses within informal institutions. Previous research has not addressed the cyclicality of informal labor supply with micro-based data sets. Moreover, research has not fully considered informal institutions as a package of coping strategies. Nor has it addressed the consumption smoothing abilities within a setting given economy-induced changes with policy-induced changes. The second contribution of the thesis is methodological. Thanks to abundant information in RLMS-HSE, we analyzed heterogeneity of informal labor supply over the decades, as well as consumption smoothing abilities in Russia since 2000. In addition, we exploit the quasi-experimental variation in income caused by decentralization of minimum wage across the regions. The third contribution of the thesis is that our research focus was on workers who grew up and educated in post-transition era faced institutional uncertainty, in which emerged between the demolishing of old institutions and the construction of new ones. Old cohorts with obsolete human capital from a socialist economy but with few market economy experiences left the labor market in the 2000s. Then, younger cohorts replace the place who were also educated during the Soviet era but acquired more market-oriented experience since the start of the economic transition. The results of the thesis show that the informal economy in the current Russian informal economy is interwind motivated and single logic is not enough to explain its rationale and motivations. Thus, in order to understand the informality accurately, both micro-based data and macroeconomic changes have to be considered at the same time. More rigorous analysis on underlying assumptions of research and assumed unobservable characteristics would be needed.ABSTRACT 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 2. INCOME SHOCK AND INFORMAL JOB HOLDINGS . 11 2.1. INTRODUCTION 11 2.2. DATA AND METHODOLOGY 13 2.3. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS . 18 2.4. METHODOLOGY . 23 2.5. ECONOMETRIC ISSUES AND MINIMUM WAGE REFORMS IN RUSSIA 26 2.6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS . 30 2.7. CONCLUDING REMARK 38 CHAPTER 3. MULTIPLE JOB HOLDING, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, AND HOME-PRODUCTION AS COPING STRATEGIES 40 3.1. INTRODUCTION 40 3.2. DATA AND METHODOLOGY 41 3.3. EMPIRICAL SPECIFICATIONS . 46 3.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS . 47 3.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS. 54 CHAPTER 4. CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING EFFECTS OF INFORMAL COPING STRATEGIES. 55 4.1. INTRODUCTION 55 4.2. DATA 56 4.3. METHODOLOGY . 59 4.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS . 63 4.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS. 71 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS 72 REFERENCES 74 APPENDICES . 77Docto

DNA 나노구조 기반 약물 전달 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 약학과 약제과학전공, 2015. 8. 오유경.Rolling circle amplification (RCA)-based DNA nanotechnologies have attracted tremendous interest to develop new platform of drug delivery. First, DNA nanoballs with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-complementary sequences could provide sequence-specific loading of dual ASOs, Dz13 and OGX-427, and coating with hyaluronic acid (HA) promoted CD44 receptor-mediated delivery of ASOs to tumor cells. Importantly, ASOs delivered by HA-coated DNA nanoballs silenced the expression of their target mRNAs of ASO, exerting potent anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Second, DNA polyaptamer nanothreads of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) receptor were synthesized by RCA. To enhance the anchoring capability of polyaptamers onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO), oligonucleotide bridge sequence between repeating aptamer sequences was introduced. Surface modification of rGO with DNA polyaptamer nanothreads (PNTrGO) resulted in improved cellular uptake into PTK7-positive tumor cell lines and enhanced tumor tissue accumulation compared to oligoT-bridged scrambled polyaptamer-anchored rGO nanosheets. Moreover, systemic administration of doxorubicin using PNTrGO enhanced the antitumor effects in mice bearing PTK7-positive tumors. Third, an injectable hydrogel based on drug-specific DNA polyaptamer networks was developed by using graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as a crosslinker. Graphene oxide-crosslinked DNA polyaptamer (GO-PA) hybrid hydrogels were constructed by running single step RCA of DNA template in the presence of GO nanosheet. GO-PA hybrid hydrogel showed drug-specificity towards kanamycin. The drug loading efficiency of GO-PA was 58.0 % for kanamycin, but 1.2% for gentamicin.Abstract ii Contents iv List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations ix Chapter I. Overview 1. Introduction 2 2. Biomedical applications of RCA-based nanotechnologies 5 3. RCA-based nucleic acid nanostructures for drug delivery 10 4. Scope of the studies 14 5. References 17 Chapter II. Biomimetic DNA nanoballs for oligonucleotide delivery 1. Introduction 27 2. Materials and methods 29 3. Results 36 4. Discussion 51 5. References 55 Chapter III. Polyaptamer DNA nanothread-anchored, reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for targeted delivery 1. Introduction 60 2. Materials and methods 62 3. Results 71 4. Discussion 85 5. References 89 Chapter IV. Polyaptamer DNA and graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel 1. Introduction 94 2. Materials and methods 96 3. Results 102 4. Discussion 112 5. References 116 Conclusion 120 국문 초록 122Docto

Association of instant and fermented food intake with allergic diseases in Korean adults

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 보건대학원 보건학과, 2018. 2. 정효지.Introduction : Allergic diseases are immune-mediated disorders. Major allergic diseases are asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Symptoms of allergic disease include itching and swelling of body tissue, runny nose, sneezing, wheezing, skin rash, coughing, nausea, diarrhea, and potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis. Allergic diseases are frequently accompanied by other allergic diseases, which is referred to as allergic march. The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing in Korean adults. Correspondingly, the social and economic burden caused by allergic diseases as immunologic and chronic diseases has also increased. Various factors have been found to be associated with the prevalence of allergic diseases. However, a relatively small body of studies paid attention to dietary pattern. Objectives : The first objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and allergic diseases in Korean adults. Next, I will examine whether instant food and fermented food intake are each associated with allergic diseases in Korean adults. Lastly, this study will investigate whether dietary patterns, instant food intake, and fermented food intake are each associated with the number of allergic diseases in Korean adults. Methods : This study used the data of 2268 adults (1,105 men and 1,563 women), aged 19-64 years, from the 2015 Korean National Health And Nutrition Examine Survey (KNHANES) data set. Information on age, sex, education level, income, drinking, smoking, and exercise was collected to show general characteristics of the subjects during the heath interview of 2015 KNHANES. The survey also included food frequency questionnaire(FFQ). I conducted a principal component analysis of the FFQ result and identified 4 dietary patterns which I named: General food (Pattern-Ⅰ), Westernized and Instant food (Pattern-Ⅱ), Bread and Sugar (Pattern-Ⅲ), and Grain and Kimchi (Pattern-Ⅳ). For Instant food group I included ramen, pizza, hamburger, cereals, cookies, crackers, ham and coffee-cream. For Fermented food group I included all kinds of doenjang, all kinds of kimchi, fermented seafood, yogurt, makgeolli, and beer. The odd ratios(ORs) of allergic diseases and number of allergic diseases were calculated according to the 4 dietary patterns, Instant food intake and Fermented food intake. All confounding factors were controlled. Results : Comparison between the highest quartile and the lowest quartile of pattern score of Westernized and Instant food(Pattern-Ⅱ) revealed higher prevalence of allergic diseases(OR,1.58795%CI, 1.147-2.195) and positively associated with higher number of allergic diseases. Comparing highest quartile with lowest quartile of pattern score of Grain and Kimchi(Pattern-Ⅳ) were associated with lower prevalence of allergic diseases(OR,0.65795%CI, 0.485-0.888) and negatively associated with higher number of allergic diseases. Comparison between the third quartile and the lowest quartile Fermented food group revealed lower prevalence of allergic disease(OR,0.70595%CI, 0.507-0.981) and negatively associated with higher number of allergic diseases. Comparison between the highest quartile and the lowest quartile Instant food group revealed higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis(OR,2.68395%CI, 1.313-5.484) and positively associated with higher number of allergic diseases of male. Unexpectedly negative association was found between intake of Bread and Sugar(Pattern-Ⅲ) and the prevalence of allergic diseases(OR,0.68595%CI, 0.487-0.994). Conclusion : The higher level of consumption of Westernized and Instant food(Pattern-Ⅱ) and the lower level consumption of Grain and Kimchi(Pattern-Ⅳ) had the higher risk of allergic diseases. The higher level of consumption of Instant food group had the higher risk of atopic dermatitis. And the lower consumption of Fermented food group had the higher risk of allergic diseases. The result from this study can be used for nutrition education and guideline to reduce risk factor for population of allergic diseases also preventing allergic diseases of general population. Keywords : Allergic disease, asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, instant food, fermented food, dietary patternⅠ. 서론 1 1-1. 알레르기 질환의 정의와 특성 1 1-2. 알레르기 질환의 위험요인 4 1-3. 식품섭취와 알레르기 질환 5 1-4. 목적 7 Ⅱ. 연구방법 9 2-1. 연구대상 9 2-2. 식품섭취빈도조사 및 식품섭취패턴 10 2-3. 알레르기 질환의 진단 16 2-4. 혼란변수 17 2-5. 통계처리 18 Ⅲ. 결과 20 3-1. 사회인구경제학적 특성에 따른 알레르기 질환 유병률과의 관련성 20 3-2. 식사패턴과 알레르기 질환과의 관련성 25 3-3. 인스턴트식품과 알레르기 질환과의 관련성 33 3-4. 발효식품과 알레르기 질환과의 관련성 33 3-5. 식사패턴, 인스턴트식품 및 발효식품과 알레르기 질환개수와의 관련성 38 Ⅳ. 고찰 및 결론 41 4-1. 고찰 41 4-2. 결론 및 제언 48 참고문헌 51Maste

임상간호사의 스트레스 대처능력과 회복탄력성이 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 간호대학 간호학과, 2017. 8. 김진현.초 록 본 연구는 임상간호사의 스트레스 대처능력, 회복탄력성과 간호업무성과의 정도를 파악하고 이들 간의 관계를 분석함으로써, 간호조직 내에서 간호업무성과를 높이기 위한 방안으로 간호사의 스트레스 대처능력과 회복탄력성을 향상시키는 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 서울시 소재 1개 종합병원과 대전시 소재 1개 대학병원에서 근무하는 간호사 292명으로 2015년 7월 1일부터 8일까지 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 임상간호사의 스트레스 대처능력 측정도구는 Lazarus와 Folkman (1984)이 개발한 도구를 한정석과 오가실(1990)이 수정, 보완한 도구로 33문항이며, 회복탄력성 측정도구는 Reivich & Shatte(2003)가 개발한 회복력지수검사(RQT56)를 우문식과 윤상운(2012)이 번역한 도구 56문항을 사용하였고, 간호업무성과 측정도구는 Van de Ven과 Ferry(1980)의 개인성과척도를 기초로 하여 고유경, 이태화, 임지영(2007)이 개발한 도구 17문항을 사용하여 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t - test와 ANOVA, Scheffe - test, 피어슨(Pearson) 상관계수, 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구대상자의 스트레스 대처능력은 5점 만점에 평균 평점 2.53점이었고, 하위 요인별로는 문제중심 대처가 가장 높았으며 긍정적 관점, 사회적 지지탐색, 무관심, 긴장해소, 희망적 관점 순으로 나타났다. 2. 연구대상자의 회복탄력성은 5점 만점에 평균 평점 3.20점이었고, 하위요인별로는 공감능력이 가장 높았으며 충동통제력, 원인분석력, 정서조절력, 자기효능감, 낙관성, 적극적 도전성 순으로 나타났다. 3. 연구대상자의 간호업무성과는 5점 만점에 평균 평점 2.92점이었으며, 하위요인별로는 간호과정 적용이 가장 높았고, 간호업무 수행능력, 간호업무 수행태도, 간호업무 수준향상 순으로 나타났다. 4. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 스트레스 대처능력은 사후분석 결과 유의한 차이를 보인 변수가 없었다. 회복탄력성은 연령과 최종학력이 높을수록 간호사의 회복탄력성이 높았으며, 수간호사에서 높게 나타났고, 근무형태는 고정번과 기타가 3교대 보다 높게 나타났다. 간호사 경력은 10년 이상이 3년 미만과 3~5년 미만보다 높았고, 총 근무경력은 10년 이상이 3년 미만과 3~5년 미만보다 높았으며 5~10년 미만은 3년 미만보다 높았다. 월평균 급여는 250~300만원 미만에서, 간호직 만족도는 만족일 때, 월평균 밤 근무수가 4 이하일 때 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 간호업무성과는 연령이 30대와 40대일 때 높았으며, 최종학력이 높을수록 간호업무성과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 직위는 수간호사와 주임간호사가, 근무형태는 고정번과 기타에서 높았다. 간호사 경력과 총 근무경력은 10년 이상에서 높았으며 5~10년 미만은 3년 미만보다 높았고, 현 부서 근무경력은 3~5년 미만이 1년 미만과 1~3년 미만보다 높았으며, 10년 이상은 1년 미만보다 높았다. 월평균 급여는 250~300만원 미만, 월평균 밤 근무수는 4 이하일 때 높게 나타났다. 5. 연구대상자의 스트레스 대처능력은 간호업무성과와 유의한 정(+)적 상관관계가 있었으며, 스트레스 대처능력의 하위요인 중 문제중심 대처와 긍정적 관점은 간호업무성과의 모든 하위요인들과 정(+)적 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 회복탄력성도 간호업무성과와 유의한 정(+)적 상관관계가 있었으며, 회복탄력성의 하위요인 중 낙관성을 제외한 정서조절력, 충동통제력, 원인분석력, 공감능력, 자기효능감, 적극적 도전성은 간호업무성과의 모든 하위요인과 정(+)적 상관관계를 보였다. 한편 스트레스 대처능력은 회복탄력성과도 유의한 정(+)적 상관관계가 있어서, 스트레스 대처능력의 하위요인 중 문제중심 대처와 긍정적 관점은 회복탄력성의 모든 하위요인과 정(+)적 상관관계를 보였다. 6. 스트레스 대처능력이 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향에서는 문제중심 대처가 간호 업무성과의 모든 하위요인과 정(+)적 상관관계를 보였으며, 회복탄력성의 하위요인 중 자기효능감은 간호업무성과 전체 및 간호업무 수행능력과 정(+)적 상관관계가 있었고, 정서조절력은 간호업무 수행태도와, 충동통제력은 간호업무 수준향상과 정(+)적 상관관계가 있었으며, 낙관성은 간호과정 적용과 부(-)적 상관관계를 보였다. 결론적으로 임상간호사의 스트레스 대처능력과 회복탄력성은 간호업무성과와 유의한 정(+)적 상관관계가 있었으며, 간호사의 스트레스 대처능력과 회복탄력성이 높을수록 간호업무성과가 향상될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구 결과가 임상 현장에서 간호사의 스트레스 대처능력과 회복탄력성을 증진시키고 이를 통해 간호업무성과를 높이기 위한 방안들을 모색하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 주요어 : 스트레스 대처능력, 회복탄력성, 간호업무성과 학 번 : 2006-22981Ⅰ. 서론 1 1. 연구의 필요성 1 2. 연구의 목적 3 Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 5 1. 스트레스 대처능력 5 2. 회복탄력성 8 3. 간호업무성과 12 Ⅲ. 연구방법 16 1. 연구설계 16 2. 연구모형 16 3. 연구대상 17 4. 연구도구 17 5. 자료수집 18 6. 자료분석. 19 7. 연구의 제한점 20 Ⅳ. 연구결과 21 1. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성 21 2. 연구대상자의 스트레스 대처능력 25 3. 연구대상자의 회복탄력성 30 4. 연구대상자의 간호업무성과 37 5. 일반적 특성에 따른 스트레스 대처능력, 회복탄력성, 간호업무성과 41 6. 스트레스 대처능력, 회복탄력성, 간호업무성과 간 상관관계 48 7. 스트레스 대처능력, 회복탄력성이 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향 52 1) 스트레스 대처능력이 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향 52 2) 회복탄력성이 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향 56 Ⅴ. 논의 60 1. 연구대상자의 스트레스 대처능력 60 2. 연구대상자의 회복탄력성 61 3. 연구대상자의 간호업무성과 62 4. 스트레스 대처능력, 회복탄력성, 간호업무성과 간 상관관계 64 5. 스트레스 대처능력, 회복탄력성이 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향 65 Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 67 참고문헌 70 부록 82 Abstract 96Maste

Usefulness of Shock Index to Predict outcomes of Trauma Patient: a retrospective Cohort Study

Purpose: We investigated how prehospital, emergency room (ER), and delta shock indices (SI) correlate with outcomes including mortality in patients with polytrauma. methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,275 patients who visited the emergency department from January 2015 to April 2018. A total of 628 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate independent risk factors for death. Pearson coefficient analysis and chi-square test were used to examine the significant relationship between SI and clinical progression markers. results: Of 628 enrolled patients, 608 survived and 27 died. Multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals “age” (p0.9” (p0.9) were associated with poor clinical progression. Conclusions: SI and delta SI are significant predictors of mortality in patients with polytrauma. Moreover, both prehospital and ER SIs can be used as predictive markers of clinical progression in these patients.ope

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The most common oncogenic HPV genotypes are 16 and 18, causing approximately 70% of all cervical cancers. Recently, two HPV vaccines, quadrivalent (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18) and bivalent (HPV 16, 18) vaccines, have been licensed and are now marketed in Korea. HPV vaccines are prepared from virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by recombinant technology. Clinical trials have confirmed that both vaccines have high efficiency against persistent infection of HPV 16 or 18 and moderate to severe precancerous lesions. In women who have no evidence of past or current infection with the HPV genotypes in the vaccine, both vaccines show > 90% protection against persistent HPV infection for up to 5 years after vaccination. In addition, vaccine efficacy against precancerous lesions associated with HPV 16/18 was reported to be 100%. Although most clinical trials to date have investigated the effectiveness of HPV vaccines in young females, elderly females and males may also be candidates for HPV vaccines. Since HPV vaccines are prophylactic, the largest impact of vaccination is expected to result from high coverage of young adolescents before exposure to HPV. Cervical cancer screening will still be required, even after HPV vaccines are introduced, although the screening program may need to be adapted to achieve cost-effective reductions in the burden of cervical cancer prevention strategies.Munoz N, 2009, LANCET, V373, P1949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60691-7Brown DR, 2009, J INFECT DIS, V199, P926, DOI 10.1086/597307PAAVONEN J, 2009, LANCET, V374, P301, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61248-4PATAJA T, 2009, J ADOLESCENT HEALTH, V44, P33Koshiol J, 2008, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V168, P123, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwn036Derkay CS, 2008, LARYNGOSCOPE, V118, P1236, DOI 10.1097/MLG.0b013e31816a7135Franekova M, 2008, UROL ONCOL-SEMIN ORI, V26, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.10.011RONCO G, 2008, BMC WOMENS HLTH, V8, P23Smith JF, 2007, HUM VACCINES, V3, P109Olsson SE, 2007, VACCINE, V25, P4931, DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.03.049Villa L, 2007, LANCET, V369, P1861Garland SM, 2007, NEW ENGL J MED, V356, P1928Dunne EF, 2007, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V297, P8132007, N ENGL J MED, V356, P1915Villa LL, 2006, BRIT J CANCER, V95, P1459, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603469Chung HH, 2006, INT J GYNECOL CANCER, V16, P1833, DOI 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00708.xHarper DM, 2006, LANCET, V367, P1247, DOI 10.1016/S01406736(06)68439-0Mao C, 2006, OBSTET GYNECOL, V107, P18STANLEY M, 2006, VACCINE S1, V24, pS16Villa LL, 2005, LANCET ONCOL, V6, P271, DOI 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70101-7Clifford GM, 2003, BRIT J CANCER, V88, P63, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600688PARKIN DM, 2003, VACCINE S3, V24PARKIN DM, 2002, CA CANC J CLIN, V55, P74Carter JJ, 2000, J INFECT DIS, V181, P1911HAGENSEE ME, 1993, J VIROL, V67, P315

Epigenetic regulation of long noncoding RNA UCA1 by SATB1 in breast cancer

Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a nuclear matrix-associated DNA-binding protein that functions as a chromatin organizer. SATB1 is highly expressed in aggressive breast cancer cells and promotes growth and metastasis by reprograming gene expression. Through genomewide cross-examination of gene expression and histone methylation, we identified SATB1 target genes for which expression is associated with altered epigenetic marks. Among the identified genes, long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) was upregulated by SATB1 depletion. Upregulation of UCA1 coincided with increased H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) levels and decreased H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) levels. Our study showed that SATB1 binds to the upstream region of UCA1 in vivo, and that its promoter activity increases with SATB1 depletion. Furthermore, simultaneous depletion of SATB1 and UCA1 potentiated suppression of tumor growth and cell survival. Thus, SATB1 repressed the expression of oncogenic UCA1, suppressing growth and survival of breast cancer cells. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(10): 578-583].ope

The Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting in Immediate Postanesthetic Period

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continues to be a common complication of surgery and patients report that avoidance of PONV is of greater concern than avoidance of postoperative pain. The overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting has been reported to be in the 20-30%. The incidence of PONV in the recovery room was 9-10% but it was increased 30% during the first 24 hours after surgery. This retrospective study was designed to find the incidence of PONV in immediate postanesthetic period as well as the difference in incidence of PONV due to gender, age, duration of surgery, different inhalation agents and method of patient controlled analgesia. METHODS: The anesthesia and postanesthesia records for 12,895 patients receiving surgery under general and regional anesthesia between September 2001 and August 2002 one year were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The overall incidence of nausea, vomiting and nausea/vomiting (either nausea, vomiting or both) in immediate postanesthetic period was 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.9% of patients, respectively. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and nausea/vomiting in immediate postanesthetic period was significantly higher in female than in male, general anesthesia with enflurane than with sevoflurane or isoflurane, and patients receiving patient controlled analgesia (PCA) via intravenous route than via epidural route. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and nausea/vomiting in immediate postanesthetic period was significantly lower in surgery duration less than 60 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with female gender, intravenous PCA and under enflurane anesthesia had significantly higher incidence of nausea, vomiting and nausea/vomiting in immediate postanesthetic period.ope

Timing of Admission to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit is Associated with in-Hospital Mortality

Purpose The relationship between the timing of admission (work-hours or after-hours) to the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality among surgical ICU (SICU) patients is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether admission to SICU during after-hours was associated with in-hospital mortality. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary academic hospital. The data of 571 patients who were admitted to the SICU and whose complete medical records were available were analyzed. Work-hours were defined as 07:00 to 19:00 Monday to Friday, during which the ICU was staffed with intensivists. After-hours were defined as any other time during which the SICU was not staffed with intensivists. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality according to the time of admission (work-hours or after-hours) to the SICU. Results A total of 333 patients, were admitted to the SICU during work-hours, and 238 patients after-hours. Unplanned admissions (47.1% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score ≥ 25 (23.9% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001), the need for ventilator support (34.0% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.001), and the use of vasopressors (50.0% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the after-hours group compared with the work-hours group. Multivariate analyses revealed that the timing of SICU admission was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 2.526; 95% confidence interval, 1.010-6.320; p = 0.048). Conclusion This study showed that admission to the SICU during after-hours was associated with increased in-hospital mortality.ope

An Optimal Regimen of 0.2% Ropivacaine-Sufentanil as a Continuous Thoracic Epidural Infusion for Pain Control after Thoracotomy

BACKGROUND: Thoracotomy is considered one of the most painful surgical procedures. Thus optimal pain control is essential in the postoperative care of thoracotomy patients. In this randomized double-blinded study, we sought to determine an optimal dose-combination of sufentanil and ropivacaine 0.2% for postoperative epidural analgesia. METHODS: Forty-five of fifty-two patients that underwent thoracotomy were assigned to three groups to receive continuous high thoracic epidural analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2% + sufentanil 0.5µg/ml (group I), ropivacaine 0.2% + sufentanil 0.75µg/ml (group II), or ropivacaine 0.2% + sufentanil 1.0µg/ml (group III). Upon completion of surgery, a thoracic epidural catheter was inserted at the T1-3 level, and moved downward by 5-7 cm. Epidural continuous infusion was administered at 5 ml/hr. Resting VAS (visual analogue scale), dynamic VAS, forced vital capacity, and side effects were recorded at three times: immediate after extubation; 12 hours after arrival at the ICU; and 24 hours after arrival at the ICU. RESULTS: Resting VAS was significantly lower in group III immediately after extubation (P < 0.05) and dynamic VAS was significantly lower in group III immediately after extubation, and 12 hours after arriving at the ICU (P < 0.05) than in the other two groups. The differences in ketorolac dosing number, sedation scores, respiratory depression, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, and motor block were not significant between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the combination of ropivacaine 0.2% and sufentanil 1.0µg/ml provides effective analgesia for post-thoracotomy pain with fewer side effects than the other two combinations tested.ope