ER phagy attenuates α-synuclein-induced ER dysfunction in Parkinson models

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Analysis of Policy Changes and Amakudari in the Korean Mutual Savings Bank Industry

본 논문은 2010년 12월말 현재 105개 저축은행을 대상으로 2001년부터 2010년까지의 경영성 과와 낙하산인사, 소유구조, 정책변화의 관련성을 패널분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 저축은행 관련 중요한 정책의 변화는 저축은행 경영성과에 유의미하게 영향을 미치고 있었다. 저축은행이라는 명칭변경은 저축은행의 경영성과에 긍정적인 방향으로, 소위 88클럽에 대한 여 신규제 완화는 부정적인 방향으로 정책효과를 보여줬다. 둘째, 낙하산인사가 고정이하여신비율 과 같은 위험도를 증가시키는 데 유의미한 역할을 하고 있음이 드러났다. 다만, 낙하산인사가 수익성과 자본충실도 관련 변수에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았다. 셋째, 저축 은행그룹, 금융지주그룹, 산업자본그룹, 독립저축은행과 같은 소유구조의 차이는 경영성과의 차 이에 유의미한 설명력을 갖고 있지 않았다. 다만, 상대적으로 외형이 작은 독립저축은행의 경우 수익성과 자본충실도가 상대적으로 낮지만 위험도 역시 낮다고 하는 유의미한 결과를 얻었으며, 이는 지역밀착형 소규모 저축은행이라는 방향성을 제시해 준다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 마지막으 로, 통제변수로 활용한 주택가격증가율 변수는 경영성과 및 자본충실도와 양(+)의 상관관계를, 위험도와는 음(-)의 상관관계를 보여줌으로써, 저축은행의 구조조정에 있어서 부동산시장의 향방 이 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. This paper examines the relevance of amakudari, ownership structure, and policy changes to the business performance of mutual savings banks in Korea in existence up to the end of December 2010, using panel data from 105 mutual savings banks from 2001 to 2010. An econometric analysis of the panel data showed the following results. Firstly, critical policy changes related to mutual savings banks in Korea show significant effects on the banks' business performance. In particular, the shift in name from "mutual savings and finance company" to "mutual savings bank" had a positive effect, but the ease of credit restrictions on the so called "88 club" had a negative influence. Secondly, amakudari significantly raised the degree of risk as with the ratio of sub-standard loans. However, amakudari did not show a statistically significant effect on the variables related to profitability and capital adequacy. Thirdly, ownership structure, such as being a member of a mutual savings bank group, a financial holding company, an industrial capital institution, or an independent mutual savings bank had no significant effect on business performance. Nevertheless, relatively small-sized independent mutual savings banks have lower profitability and capital adequacy than banks with other forms of ownership structure. They have lower levels of risk than other banks. This suggests the right direction for mutual savings banks in Korea is to become regionally-based small mutual savings banks. Lastly, the growth rate of housing prices, which was adopted as a control variable, showed a positive correlation with business performance and capital adequacy, and a negative correlation with risk. This implies that the direction of the property market plays an important role in the restructuring of the Korean mutual savings bank industry

Study on the Appointment and Tenure of the Monetary Policy Committee

본 논문은 1950년5월부터 2010년4월까지 지난 60년 동안 금융통화위원회에 재임했던 200명의 위원을 대상으로 대통령에 따라 위원의 임명과 재임기간이 어떻게 달라지는지, 금융통화위원회에 관한 제도 변화는 위원의 임명과 재임기간에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지, 재임기간에는 주로 어떤 요인들이 영향을 미쳤는지에 관하여 제도적 분석과 기술통계적 분석, Cox의 비례위험모형을 활용한 생존분석을 수행하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해, 대통령의 출신지와 금융통화위원회 위원의 출신지가 양의 상관관계를 갖는 등 대통령 인사의 정실주의 특성이 일부 반영되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 금융통화위원회 위원의 재임기간에 가장 영향을 미친 요인은 1997년12월의 제6차 한국은행법 개정이 초래한 제도변화였다. 1998년 이후 재임기간은 그 이전에 비해 유의미하게 길어졌으며, 임기만료 후 퇴임하는 비율도 김대중 정부 65%, 노무현 정부 89%로 크게 높아졌다. 그리고, 금융통화위원회 위원이 교수출신, 중앙은행추천, 호남지역출신인 경우 상대적으로 그리고 유의하게 재임기간이 길었으며, 정치인출신 위원의 경우 재임기간이 상대적으로 유의하게 짧았다. For over 60 years, from May 1950 to April 2010, the Monetary Policy Committee had 200 members on the committee. What is the decisive factor for appointment and length of service of members according to the president who appointed them? How does institutional change affect the duration and length of appointment of the committee members? Which factors affect members` tenure? This paper used institutional analysis, technical statistical analysis, and Cox`s proportional hazard model for survival analysis to answer these questions. Through this analysis, a positive correlation was found between the president`s hometown and that of Monetary Policy Committee members, and the patronage concern of the president is reflected in some of the attributes. In addition, the institutional change by the sixth revision of the Bank of Korea in December 1997 significantly affected the tenure of the Monetary Policy Committee members. Since 1998, appointment and tenure of the members was prolonged significantly after the expiration of the term of the outgoing administration of the Kim Daejung Administration`s ratio of 65%, significantly increased to 89% under the Roh Moohyun Administration. Moreover, members from a professorial-background, with a Central Bank recommendation, and from the Cholla region had significantly longer tenure, but the tenure of members from a political-background was significantly shorter in comparison

Epidemiological Studies on Diabetes Mellitus in Korea

Recently the number of diabetic patients in Korea is increasing conspicuously and the incidence seems to be unimaginably high. A) To study diabetes morbidity, first screening suvey on 3,673 in-patients of the whole Seoul National University Hospital. By giving glucose tolerance test to the patients with urine sugar positive, we discovered 15 diabetics. out of which 8 were previously known and 7 were new cases. The ratio of male to female was 2. 1; 1- Second screening test was given to the bank employees of a certain bank in Seoul. The postprandial urine sugar test followed by glucose tolerance test was given to 1, 174 employees and we discovered 30 diabetics among them. The ratio was 2.6%. Out of them 16 were previously known and 14 were new cases. For the past 13 years we have observed 1,650cases of diabetes in Seoul National University Hospital. Up to 1958 we had about O. 1% of diabetics among total medical patients, but during the past two or three years the number of diabetic patients has significantly increased- that is. it figured from almost 1, 2 to 1.8% and the average for the past 13 years is 0.9%. The patients consisted of 1, 12:: males and 528 females. The ratio is estima ted to be 2. 1; 1- B) The distritbuion of living diabetics by age and sex is as follows: the incidence of the 5th and 6 th decade each is about one third of total diabetic patients, and in male cases the highest incidence was in the 5th decade and the next was in 6th, 4th and 7th in respective order. In female cases, the highest incidence was in 6th decade and the next was in 5 th, 4th and 7th in respective order. Low incidence in young age below the 4th decade was a characteristic feature observed compared with that of Europeans. The distribution by age at onset was as follows: the highest frequency was in the 5th decade-namely, 35.5% and the next was in 6th, 4th, 7th and 3rd decade in respective order. In male cases, it was in the order of 5 th, 6th, 4 th and 7th decade. and in female cases it was in the order of 6th, 5th. 4th and 7th decade. The incidence was very low in young age group below 4th decade