프로테오믹스 기법을 적용한 사체의 사후 시간 추정을 위한 바이오마커 연구

Thesis(masters) --서울대학교 대학원 :약학과 (약품분석학전공), 2009.2.Maste

Role of IN-1233 in the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia after stent placement in a rat artery model

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of an activin receptorlike kinase (ALK) 5 inhibitor, IN-1233, for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia after bare stent placement in a rat common iliac artery (CIA) model. Materials and Methods: All experiments were approved by the committee of animal research. A self-expanding metallic bare stent (2 mm × 6 mm) was inserted into the left CIA of 26 Sprague-Dawley male rats (300360 g) under fluoroscopic guidance. IN-1233 was injected via the intraperitoneal route daily in 13 rats for 8 weeks after stent placement (group A); the other 13 rats underwent stent placement only (group B). Angiography was performed immediately and 4 weeks and 8 weeks after stent placement. Rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks after stent placement, and histologic findings were obtained. The neointimal area (NA), percentage of neointimal hyperplasia (%NH), and neointimal-to-medial area ratio (N/M) were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: Stent placement was technically successful. In 25 rats, arteries with stent placement were angiographically patent, whereas 1 rat in group B had an occlusion. The NA (0.31 mm 2 ± 0.09 vs 0.56 mm 2 ± 0.17; P <.001), the %NH (26.16% ± 8.75 vs 44.71% ± 17.75; P <.001) and the N/M (1.93 ± 0.77 vs 4.77 ± 2.26; P <.001) were significantly decreased in group A compared with group B. Conclusions: IN-1233 was shown in this study to be effective for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia after bare metallic stent placement in a rat CIA model. © 2011 SIR

Vactosertib, a Novel, Orally Bioavailable Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 5 Inhibitor, Promotes Regression of Fibrotic Plaques in a Rat Model of Peyronie's Disease

Purpose: To examine the therapeutic effect of Vactosertib, a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase-5, ALK5), in an experimental model of Peyronie's disease (PD) and determining anti-fibrotic mechanisms of Vactosertib in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaques. Materials and Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 per group); control rats without treatment; PD rats receiving vehicle; and PD rats receiving Vactosertib (10 mg/kg). PD-like plaques were induced by administering 100 mu L of each of human fibrin and thrombin solutions into the tunica albuginea on days 0 and 5. Vactosertib was given orally five times a week for 2 weeks. On day 30, we performed electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve to measure erectile function, and the penis was obtained for histological examination. Fibroblasts isolated from human PD plaques were used to determine the anti-fibrotic effects of Vactosertib in vitro. Results: Vactosertib induced significant regression of fibrotic plaques in PD rats in vivo through reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduced expression of phospho-Smad2, which recovered erectile function. Vactosertib also abrogated TGF-1 beta-induced enhancement of extracellular matrix protein production and hydroxyproline content in PD fibroblasts in vitro by hindering the TGF-beta 1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Conclusions: In view of the critical role of TGB-beta and the Smad pathway in the pathogenesis of PD, inhibition of this pathway with an ALK5 inhibitor may represent a novel, targeted therapy for PD

Phosphorylation status determines the opposing functions of Smad2/Smad3 as STAT3 cofactors in T(H)17 differentiation

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are the pivotal cytokines to induce IL-17-producing CD4(+) T helper cells (T(H)17); yet their signalling network remains largely unknown. Here we show that the highly homologous TGF-beta receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads): Smad2 and Smad3 oppositely modify STAT3-induced transcription of IL-17A and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor, ROR gamma t encoded by Rorc, by acting as a co-activator and co-repressor of STAT3, respectively. Smad2 linker phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at the serine 255 residue interacts with STAT3 and p300 to transactivate, whereas carboxy-terminal unphosphorylated Smad3 interacts with STAT3 and protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) to repress the Rorc and Il17a genes. Our work uncovers carboxy-terminal phosphorylation-independent noncanonical R-Smad-STAT3 signalling network in T(H)17 differentiation

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-(4-Substituted-phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides, a New Class of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to induce differentiation and/or apoptosis of human tumor cells. Novel 3-(4-substituted-phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides have been prepared as a new class of HDAC inhibitors and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity and HDAC inhibitory activity. Incorporation of a 1,4-phenylene carboxamide linker, shown by 5, and a 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl or 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl group as a cap substructure generated highly potent hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors 5a and 5b

Altered bone morphogenetic protein and transforming growth factor-β signaling in rat models of pulmonary hypertension. Potential for activin receptor-like kinase-5 inhibition in prevention and progression of disease

Background - Recent genetic studies have highlighted the role of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It remains unclear whether alterations in these pathways contribute to other forms of pulmonary hypertension and to what extent these changes can be exploited for therapeutic intervention. Methods and Results - We studied BMP/TGF-β signaling in 2 rat models of PAH due to chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline. In both models, there was a significant reduction in lung BMP type IA receptor and BMP type II receptor mRNA expression, although these changes were more pronounced in the monocrotaline model. This was accompanied by a reduction in lung levels of phospho-Smad1/5 and Id (inhibitor of DNA binding) gene expression in the monocrotaline model. In contrast, we observed increased TGF-β activity, again more marked in the monocrotaline model, as evidenced by increased phospho-Smad2/3 and increased expression of TGF-β-regulated genes. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased TGF-β1, expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and macrophages surrounding remodeled pulmonary arteries in monocrotaline rats. Inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase-5 signaling in vivo with the selective small-molecule inhibitor IN-1233 prevented PAH, right ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular remodeling after monocrotaline injection and inhibited the progression of established PAH in this model. No significant effect was observed in hypoxic PAH. In vitro studies confirmed that TGF-β stimulated migration of distal rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and that this effect was inhibited by IN-1233. Conclusions - Disruption of BMP/TGF-β signaling is more pronounced in the monocrotaline model of PAH than in the chronic hypoxia model. Increased TGF-β activity is associated with greater macrophage recruitment with monocrotaline treatment. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling via activin receptor-like kinase-5 prevents development and progression of PAH in the monocrotaline model and may involve inhibition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell migration. © 2009 American Heart Association, Inc

Transforming growth factor-β1 receptor inhibition preserves glomerulotubular integrity during ureteral obstruction in adults but worsens injury in neonatal mice

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a widely used model of chronic kidney disease and congenital obstructive uropathy, causes proximal tubular injury and formation of atubular glomeruli. Because transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a central regulator of renal injury, neonatal and adult mice were subjected to complete UUO while under general anesthesia and treated with vehicle or ALK5 TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor (IN-1130, 30 mg·kg-1·day-1). After 14 days, glomerulotubular integrity and proximal tubular mass were determined by morphometry of Lotus tetragonolobus lectin distribution, and the fraction of atubular glomeruli was determined by serial section analysis of randomly selected individual glomeruli. Glomerular area, macrophage infiltration, fibronectin distribution, and interstitial collagen were measured by morphometry. Compared with placebo, inhibition of TGF-β1 by IN-1130 decreased apoptosis and formation of atubular glomeruli, prevented parenchymal loss, increased glomerular area and glomerulotubular integrity, and increased proximal tubule fraction of the adult obstructed kidney parenchyma from 17 to 30% (P < 0.05, respectively). IN-1130 decreased macrophage infiltration and fibronectin and collagen deposition in the adult obstructed kidney by ~50% (P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast to these salutary effects in the adult, IN-1130 caused widespread necrosis in obstructed neonatal kidneys. We conclude that whereas IN-1130 reduces obstructive injury in adult kidneys through preservation of glomerulotubular integrity and proximal tubular mass, TGF-β1 inhibition aggravates obstructive injury in neonates. These results indicate that while caution is necessary in treating congenital uropathies, ALK5 inhibitors may prevent nephron loss due to adult kidney disease. © 2013 the American Physiological Society

Activin receptor-like kinase5 inhibition suppresses mouse melanoma by ubiquitin degradation of Smad4, thereby derepressing eomesodermin in cytotoxic T lymphocytes

ALK5 inhibitor; Eomes; Melanoma; Smad4; TGF-

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazoles as transforming growth factor-β type1 receptor kinase inhibitors

A series of 5-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazoles (14a-l and 15a-l) has been synthesized and evaluated for their ALK5 inhibitory activity in cell-based luciferase reporter assays. Among them, 3-[[5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)thiazol-2-ylamino]methyl ]benzamide (15i) and 3-[[5-(6-ethylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)thiazol-2-ylamino]methyl] benzamide (15k) showed more than 95% inhibition at 0.1 μM in luciferase reporter assays using HaCaT cells transiently transfected with p3TP-luc reporter construct and ARE-luciferase reporter construct. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

IN-1130, a novel transforming growth factor-β type I receptor kinase (Activin Receptor-like Kinase 5) inhibitor, promotes regression of fibrotic plaque and corrects penile curvature in a rat model of Peyronie's disease

Introduction. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease (PD). Aim. The aim of this paper was to investigate the therapeutic effect of IN-1130, a novel small molecule inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)5, a type I receptor of TGF-β, in an animal model of PD. Methods. PD was induced in rats through repeated injections of adenovirus expressing TGF-β1 (days 0, 3, and 6; 1 × 10 10 particles/0.1mL, respectively) into the tunica albuginea. The rats were divided into five groups (N = 10 per group): group 1, age-matched controls without treatment; group 2, age-matched controls receiving repeated injections of IN-1130 (days 30 and 37; 5 mg/kg in 0.1mL saline, respectively); group 3, PD rats without treatment; group 4, PD rats receiving repeated injections of saline (days 30 and 37; 0.1mL, respectively); group 5, PD rats receiving repeated injections of IN-1130 (days 30 and 37; 5 mg/kg in 0.1 mL saline, respectively) into the lesion. Main Outcome Measures. Penile curvature was evaluated by use ofan artificial erection test at day 45, and the penis was then harvested for histologic examination. Collagen in the plaque was quantitatively assessed by hydroxyproline determination. Results. IN-1130 induced significant regression of fibrotic plaque through reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced transnuclear expression of phospho-Smad2/phospho-Smad3, reduced hydroxyproline content, and reduced cartilage content and restoration of elastin fibers in the fibrotic plaque of PD rats, which was accompanied by the correction of penile curvature. Conclusion. Antagonizing TGF-β signaling through the use of ALK5 inhibitors may represent an exciting new therapeutic strategy for the future treatment of PD. © 2009 International Society for Sexual Medicine