중장기 민간투자계획 수립 연구(Mid-and long-term plan for private investment in infrastructure)

노트 : 이 연구보고서의 내용은 국토연구원의 자체 연구물로서 정부의 정책이나 견해와는 상관없습니다

민간투자사업의 투자재원 다양화방안 연구(A Study on diversification of financing method for PPI projects)

노트 : 이 연구보고서의 내용은 국토연구원의 자체 연구물로서 정부의 정책이나 견해와는 상관없습니다

Design and Implementation of CPW fed Wide-band Slot Antenna

Future antenna will be used to a growing extent for multipurpose applications and thus require operation over wide bandwidths. Especially, planar antennas have been studied to achieve wide bandwidth characteristic for many years. In this paper, two novel designs for CPW fed wide band slot antennas are presented. In microwave and millimeter wave applications, aperture antennas fed by coplanar waveguide have several useful properties, such as wider bandwidth, better impedance matching, easier integration of solid state active devices and lower radiation losses. The impedance matching and the radiation characteristics of the antennas were studied by using method of moment technique. One of the proposed slot antenna is consisted of two triangle slots. The triangle slot antenna has small metal inserts of the triangle type for impedance matching. Return loss and the radiation patterns are simulated. The measured 10 dB bandwidth is 2.76:1. The other proposed slot antenna has new bow-tie slot which is combined with four /2 rectangular slot. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth is 1.91:1.Abstract 제 1 장 서 론 1 제 2 장 평판형 안테나 광대역화 3 2.1 평판형 안테나 광대역화 방법 3 2.2 직사각형 CPW 급전 슬롯안테나 개요 5 2.3 보우-타이형 CPW 급전 슬롯안테나 개요 10 2.4 CPW 급전 슬롯안테나 광대역화 방법 12 제 3 장 제안된 직각삼각형 CPW 급전 광대역 슬롯안테나 14 3.1 직각삼각형 CPW 급전 광대역 슬롯안테나 설계 14 3.2 실험 결과 및 고찰 17 제 4 장 제안된 직사각형 및 보우-타이 슬롯을 결합한 CPW 급전 광대역 슬롯안테나 20 4.1 직사각형 및 보우-타이 슬롯을 결합한 CPW 급전 광대역 슬롯안테나 설계 20 4.2 실험 결과 및 고찰 24 제 5 장 결 론 27 참 고 문 헌 2

침수를 고려한 함정의 초기 배치 설계의 적합성 평가 방법

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :공과대학 조선해양공학과,2019. 8. 노명일.The initial design of the ship follows several stages to meet the design requirements. Generally, it is based on the design requirements and the information of the buses, and it goes through the steps of selecting the main specifications, selecting the line, selecting the main engine, arranging the layout, calculating the ship, and analyzing the performance. The layout design in the above process depends on the information of the mother ship and the experience of the designer. Accordingly, arrangement design was performed according to qualitative evaluation rather than traditionally quantitative evaluation. Because a person manually manages the layout design and evaluates multiple plans, it takes a lot of time to design the layout. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to automate and optimize quantitative evaluation and review of several for the initial arrangement design of a naval ship. In addition, after the arrangement design, ship calculation process can be done to ensure that the ship has adequate stability during operation. Ship stability is evaluated as intact stability and damage stability. Damage stability is traditionally evaluated considering only the final stage after damage, and there is a lack of evaluation of damage and progress of flooding. In addition, the stability calculation for various things must be carried out through the ship calculation program, which is a process in which many designers take a lot of work as the layout design. In order to overcome the limitations of the existing ship calculation, this study proposes a method to evaluate the stability of the ship by applying intermediate flood analysis as well as intact and damage stability evaluation and applying it to the arrangement design evaluation process. In this study, we considered three aspects of stability, vulnerability, and operability for the initial arrangement design of naval ships. According to the requirements for the intact stability of naval ships, the intact stability was investigated. In addition, the damage stability evaluation was carried out considering the recovery of the damage in the general final condition and the intermediate flooding. Intermediate flooding uses PBD (Position Based Dynamics) to calculate the flow rate through the openings in the damaged part and trap, thereby updating the weight and center of gravity of the modified trap. Then, the changed information is substituted into the 6-DOF motion equation to track the behavior of the ship every time step. Through this, it is possible to evaluate the progress of the ship 's flooding through the damage and the damage stability in the process. In order to improve the intact stability and damage stability, GZ curve calculation is accompanied. In this study, trim is considered in addition to GZ value calculation considering existing heave motion. The vulnerability assessment of the naval ship considers both the vulnerability of the bulkhead and the vulnerability of the rooms. Vulnerability of the bulkhead was considered as the sum of the bursting pressure on the bulkhead with various damage, and the vulnerability of the compartment was taken into account by multiplying the severity of the compartment with the probability that various damage would affect the compartment. In addition, for the two vulnerabilities, we considered the length, width, and height direction damage probability of the five types of damage (ASMs (Anti-Ship Missiles), torpedoes, mines, collisions, and grounding) In order to quantitatively evaluate the operability of the naval ship, the movement of the crew and cargos between the compartments of the naval ship was considered. For this, the relation between the shortest distance between each rooms and the compartment was considered. The relationship between the compartments was considered through proximity considering both intimacy assessing the affinity of rooms to be close and antagonism between rooms to be far apart. The three evaluations described above have been formulated as a problem for the initial layout design of a ship. The optimization problem design variables were set to the location of the bulkhead and deck, the location of the compartment and the location of the corridor, and the objective function was set to minimize the vulnerability of the naval ship and maximize operability. In order to improve stability, we considered maximizing initial GM as an objective function. In this process, constraints on the positions of the bulkheads and decks, the lengths required by the engine, and the constraints on the extent that each compartment has to be minimized are considered, and the location of the compartment is considered as a constraint in the optimization problem. The optimal design of the initial arrangement design of the naval ship was obtained through this, and it was evaluated whether the optimized arrangement design satisfies the damage stability including the intermediate flooding stage. The initial arrangement design and the ship calculation process described above were developed as one program, and the applicability of this study was confirmed by applying it to the U.S. Navy Destroyer.함정의 초기 설계는 설계 요구 조건을 만족하기 위해 여러 단계를 거쳐 시행된다. 일반적으로 설계 요구 조건과 모선의 정보를 토대로 주요 제원 선정, 선형 설계, 주기관 선정, 배치 설계, 구조 설계 등의 단계를 거친다. 위의 과정 중 배치 설계는 모선의 정보와 설계자의 경험에 의존적이다. 이에 따라, 전통적으로 정량적인 평가보다는 정성적인 평가에 따라 배치 설계가 진행되었다. 그리고 설계자가 수작업으로 배치 설계를 진행하고 여러 안을 평가하기 때문에, 배치 설계를 위해 시간이 많이 소모된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 함정의 초기 배치 설계를 위해, 정량적인 평가와 여러 안에 대한 검토를 자동화 및 최적화 하고자 하였다. 또한, 배치 설계 단계에서는 함정이 작전 도중 적절한 복원성을 가지고 있는지 확인하기 위해 선박 계산을 진행한다. 선박 계산은 정적 복원성과 손상 복원성 두 가지로 평가된다. 손상 복원성의 전통적으로 손상 이후 최종 자세만을 고려해 평가되어, 손상되어 침수가 진행되는 과정에 대한 평가가 부족하다. 또한, 선박 계산 프로그램을 통해 여러 가지 안에 대한 복원성 평가가 진행되어야 하기에 배치 설계와 마찬가지로 설계자의 공수가 많이 들어가는 과정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 선박 계산의 한계점을 극복하기 위해, 비 손상, 손상 복원성 평가뿐만 아니라 중간 단계 침수 해석을 진행하고, 이를 배치 설계 평가 과정에 적용함으로써, 함정 초기 배치 설계 및 선박 계산을 고도화, 자동화 하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 초기 함정 배치 설계를 위해 복원성, 취약성, 운용성 세가지를 고려했다. 복원성 평가를 위해 정수 중 상태에서 정적 복원성을 검토하였다. 그리고 손상 복원성 평가는 일반적인 최종 상태에서의 손상 복원성과 더불어 중간 단계 침수를 고려해 진행되었다. 중간 단계 침수는 PBD (Position Based Dynamics)를 통해 손상부와 함정 내부의 개구부를 통해 흐르는 유량을 계산하고, 이를 통해 변경된 함정의 무게와 무게 중심을 갱신한다. 그리고 변경된 정보를 6자유도 운동 방정식에 대입하여 매 시간마다 선박의 거동을 추적한다. 이를 통해, 손상을 통해 선박의 침수가 진행되는 과정과 그 과정에서의 손상 복원성을 평가할 수 있다. 정적 복원성 및 손상 복원성을 평가할 때, GZ 곡선 계산을 동반하게 되는데, 본 연구에서는 이를 고도화 하기 위해 기존의 상하 운동만을 고려한 GZ 값 계산에 더불어 종 경사 (trim)을 고려하였다. 함정의 취약성 평가는 격벽의 취약성과 격실의 취약성 두가지를 고려하였다. 격벽의 취약성은 다양한 손상이 격벽에 미치는 폭발 압력의 총합으로 고려되었으며, 격실의 취약성은 다양한 손상이 격실에 영향을 미칠 확률과 격실의 중요도를 곱한 값을 통해 고려되었다. 또한, 두 가지 취약성을 위해 관련 연구를 통해 다섯 가지 손상 종류 (대함 미사일, 어뢰, 기뢰, 충돌, 좌초)에 대한 함정의 길이, 폭, 높이 방향 손상 확률을 고려하였다. 함정의 운용성 평가를 정량적으로 진행하기 위해, 함정의 격실간 선원과 재화의 이동을 고려하였다. 이를 위해 각 격실간의 최단 거리와 격실간의 관계 고려하였다. 각 격실간의 관계는 가까이 있으면 좋은 격실간의 정도를 평가한 친밀성과, 서로 멀리 떨어져 있어야 하는 격실간의 적대성 두가지를 고려한 인접성을 통해 고려되었다. 위에 설명한 세가지 평가를 함정 초기 배치 설계를 위한 문제로 정식화 하였다. 최적화 문제를 설계 변수는 격벽과 갑판의 위치, 격실의 위치 및 복도의 위치로 설정되었으며, 목적 함수는 함정의 취약성을 최소화 하는것과 운용성을 최대화 하는 것으로 설정되었다. 그리고 복원성 향상을 위해 초기 GM을 최대화 하는 것을 목적 함수로 고려하였다. 이 과정에서 각 격벽 및 갑판의 위치에 대한 제약과 기관부가 가져야 하는 길이 및 각 격실이 최소한 가져야 하는 넓이에 대한 제약이 고려되었으며, 또한 특정 격실이 가져야 하는 위치를 최적화 문제에서 제약 조건으로 고려하였다. 이를 통해 함정 초기 배치 설계의 최적 안을 도출하였으며, 도출된 최적 안은 중간 단계 침수를 포함해 손상 복원성을 만족하는지 평가되었다. 위에서 제시된 함정 초기 배치 설계 및 선박 계산 과정을 하나의 프로그램으로 개발하였으며, 이를 미 해군의 구축함에 적용하여 본 연구의 효용성을 확인하였다.Nomenclature 1 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Research backgrounds 2 1.2. Related works 5 1.2.1. Related works for optimizing arrangement design of the naval ship 6 1.2.2. Related works for intermediate flooding analysis 10 1.3. Research objectives and work scope 13 2. Theoretical backgrounds 18 2.1. Configuration of a framework for evaluation of arrangement for naval ships 18 2.2. Template model for naval ship 21 2.3. Stability evaluation 23 2.3.1. Intact stability evaluation 24 2.3.2. Damage stability evaluation 28 2.3.3. GZ Curve calculation considering free trim 34 2.3.4. Intermediate flooding analysis 38 (1) Dynamic analysis for intermediate flooding 41 (2) Position Based Dynamics for flooding analysis 42 (3) Equation of motion in the time domain (Cummins equation) 57 2.4. Vulnerability evaluation 59 2.4.1. Bulkhead vulnerability 60 2.4.2. Room vulnerability 64 2.5. Operability evaluation 68 2.5.1. Adjacency index between rooms 69 2.5.2. Distance matrix between rooms 70 2.6. Optimal arrangement for naval ships 72 2.6.1. Input information 75 2.6.2. Design variables 77 2.6.3. Objective functions 80 2.6.4. Constraints 82 (1) Constraints related to the criteria for intact stability 82 (2) Constraints related to the required volumes for liquid tanks 82 (3) Constraints related to the required length for the engine rooms 83 (4) Constraints related to the required deck height 84 (5) Constraints related to the required area for rooms 84 (6) Constraints related to the required locations of the specific rooms 84 2.6.5. Optimization algorithm 85 3. Verifications 87 3.1. Verifications of intermediate flooding analysis 87 3.1.1. Verification of PBD 87 (1) Verification model 88 (2) Verification results 90 3.1.2. Verification of dynamic flooding analysis 94 (1) Verification model 95 (2) Verification results 96 3.1.3. Verification with the experiment by Ruponen [24] 97 (1) Verification model 97 (2) Verification results 99 3.1.4. Verification with the experiment by Hosseini et al. [32] 102 (1) Verification model 102 (2) Verification results 104 3.1.5. Verification with the experiment by Debra et al. [42] 106 (1) Verification model 107 3.2. Verifications of stability 109 3.2.1. Stability evaluation for barge type ship 110 3.2.2. Stability evaluation for Navy oiler 113 3.3. Verification of vulnerability 115 3.4. Verification of operability 118 4. Application 121 4.1. Overview of SyFAP and SyLOP 121 4.1.1. SyFAP (SyDLab. Flooding Analysis Program) 121 4.1.2. SyLOP (SyDLab. Layout Optimization Program) 123 4.2. Target for application 124 4.3. Optimization results and discussions 128 4.3.1. Damage stability evaluation for optimization results 133 4.3.2. Applying wave loads for optimization results 139 5. Conclusion and future works 144 5.1. Summary 144 5.2. Contributions 145 5.2.1. Theoretical contributions 145 5.2.2. Contributions for applications 150 5.2.3. Other contributions 150 5.3. Future works 151 References 152 APPENDICES 158 A. Quasi-static method for flooding analysis 159 A.1. Overall procedure of flooding analysis 160 A.2. Calculation of fluid flow using dynamic orifice equation 163 A.3. Calculation of air pressure for fully flooded compartments 165 A.4. Calculation of accurate fluid volume 168 A.5. Cargo load 170 A.5.1. Consideration of oil leakage 170 A.5.2. Consideration of solid cargo items 176 국문 초록 177Docto

Automation of Simplified Evacuation Analysis for Calculating Required Evacuation Time

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) mandates that evacuation analysis must be performed at the design stage to ensure the safety of passengers aboard ships. Therefore, ship designers are required to conduct this evacuation analysis during the ship design process. Evacuation analysis begins with creating an escape diagram that outlines the routes from each cabin to the designated assembly stations based on the designed plans. Subsequently, necessary parameters for escape analysis are measured and recorded, and the analysis is conducted using an Excel-based program. This process is manual and time-consuming. Additionally, due to the frequent design changes characteristic of passenger ships, this process must be repeated multiple times. Hence, this study proposes a method to automate this analysis process. The proposed method in this study starts with a preprocessing step to extract key components from 2D drawings. Following this, it distinguishes spaces such as cabins, corridors, and doors within the processed drawings. Using the identified spaces, it then searches for the shortest evacuation routes from each cabin to the assembly station. Based on the identified routes, the method automatically performs the simplified evacuation analysis as prescribed by IMO regulations. Applying the algorithm for automated escape analysis to Ro-Pax vessels demonstrated that the analysis time per ship, which previously took about 15 days, can be reduced to less than 10 minutes

실버타운 造成 模型에 관한 硏究 : 觀念的 틀을 中心으로

학위논문(석사)--서울大學校 環境大學院 :環境計劃學科,1995.Maste

(A) study of atrioventricular conduction using his bundle electrogram

의학과/석사[한글] 다극도자를 이용하여 His 속전도를 용이하게 기록하게 된 이래 심전도상의 P-R 간격은 P-A, A-H, H-V의 3 간격으로 세분할 수 있게 되었으며 따라서 부정맥과 전도장애의 연구 에 획기적인 발전을 가져왔다. 저자는 35명의 환자를 대상으로 정상 방실전도를 측정하였고 각종 부정맥을 연구분석하 였다. 8명의 소아에서 정상 방실전도시간은 P-A, A-H, H-V의 간격의 범위가 각각 25-45 msec, 50-100 msec, 30-45 msec 이었다. 11명의 성인에서 정상 방실전도시간은 각각 25-50 msec, 65-110 msec, 20-50 msec로서 소아군과 비교할 때 통계학적으로 유의의 차를 보이지 않았다. 각종 전도장애와 부정맥을 가진 16명의 환자에서 His속전도를 기록하였는데 1도방실차 단이 4예, 2도방실차단(Mobitz typeⅠ) 1예, 3도방실차단(supra-His block) 2예, 심방세 동 5예, 발작성심방빈맥을 동반한 WPW증후군 2예 (type A, B가 각각 1예), 결절성빈맥 1 예, 그리고 결절성조율 1예였다. [영문] Although considerable knowledge about cardiac conduction has been accumulated through the study of external electrocardiogram, the most apparent limitation of this method is that activity of the conductive system itself is not recorded. Scherlag and coworkers introduced a simple technique for recording the electrical activity of the His bundle in the human heart. With the development of a simple catheter technique for recording of His bundle electrogram it has become possible to subdivide the previously silent P-R interval into three subintervals, P-A, A-H, and H-V intervals. The P-A, A-H, and H-V intervals are, respectively, measures of intra-atrial (from high to low right atrium), atrioventricular nodal, and intraventricular (distal His bundle and bundle branches) conduction. His bundle recording contributes to understanding the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances. The sites of conduction delay or block are anatomically and electrophysiologically localized as being proximal, in, or distal to the His bundle. this in turn may allow us greater specificity in the selection of the proper therapy for the patient with abnormalities of cardiac rhythm. The purpose of this study was to analyze A-V conduction in patient with normal P-R interval and to define more precisely the areas of delay or block in conduction disturbances and various arrythmias by means of the technique of His bundle recording. The His bundle electrograms were recorded with tripolar electrode catheter in 35 patients in Cardiac. Laboratory in Severance Hospital from January 1975 to November 1975. This study consisted 19 patients with normal atrioventricular conduction and 16 patients with various conduction disturbance and arrythmias. All patients except two with normal heart had underlying congenital and acquired heart diseases. A) Normal A-V conduction time in children and adults. In 8 children aged 5 to 15 years with a mean age of 10.2 years P-A interval ranged from 25 to 45 msec with a mean SE of 32 ± 3.1, A-H from 50 to 100 msec with a mean of 68 ± 6.1, and H-V from 30 to 45 msec with a mean of 36 ± 1.9. In 11 adults aged 16 to 59 years with a mean age of 33.4 years P-A interval ranged from 25 to 50 msec with a mean of 36 ± 3.0, A-H from 65 to 110 msec with a mean of 84 ± 4.8, and H-V from 20 to 50 msec with a mean of 37 ± 2.8. The P-A, A-H, and H-V intervals did not differ statistically between children and adults. B) Various conduction disturbances and arrythmias. 1) In 4 patients with first degree A-V block the P-A and H-V intervals were normal but the prolonged H-V intervals were 140, 142, 170, and 175 msec, respectively. 2) In a patient with second degree A-V block (Mobitz type Ⅰ) His bundle electrograms showed progressive lengthening of A-H intervals with P waves blocked proximal to the His bundle recording sits (not followed by H potentials). 3) In two patients with complete heart block His bundle recordings demonstrated P waves not followed by H potentials while QRS complexes were preceded by H potentials. The sites of block might be proximal to the His bundle. 4) His bundle recordings were obtained in five patients with atrial fibrillation. In 4 patients a single His bundle potential preceded each QRS complex and H-V interval were constant from beat to beat during atrial fibrillation. In two patients right bundle potential(RB) was recorded. RB-V intervals were 20 and 15 msec. respectively, which were shorter than normal H-V interval. 5) His bundle electrograms were recorded in 2 patients of WPW syndrome with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia(PAT) which were type A and type B, respectively. In all 2 patients A-H intervals were same as A-8 intervals. When episodes of PAT occurred delta waves (8) disappeared with prolongation of A-H intervals. 6) In one patient with junctional tachycardia His bundle recording did not demonstrate A potential. When episodes of atrial tachycardia disappeared the A potential appeared. 7) His bundle electrogram was recorded in a patient with junctional rhythm (ventricular rate: 43/min.). The A potential was not demonstrated while QRS complexes were preceded by H potentials.restrictio

Influence of thyroid hormone on exocrine function of rat pancreas

의학과/박사[한글] 이자외분비선의 주요기능은 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방질 및 핵산의 소화에 관여하는 25종 이상의 가수분해 효소의 합성과 분비로서 주로 부교감신경성 인자와 위장 흘몬에 의해 조절된다. 위장 흘몬중에는 secretin과 cholecystokinin(CCK)이 가장 중요한 역할을 하며 이외에도 neurotensin, glucagon, gastrin, ADH, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide 등이 관여한다. 최근 부신피질 흘몬 및 갑상선 흘몬이 이자외분비의 성장 및 기능에 관여 한다는 보고가 있지만 서로 상반된 결과를 보이고 있어 이들 흘몬이 이자외분비에 미치는 정확한 영향 및 기전을 이해하기에 많은 어려움이 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 갑상선 흘몬 및 항갑상선제를 투여하여 갑상선 기능을 변동시킨 흰쥐를 이용하여 갑상선 기능변 동에 따른 이자외분비 변동을 관찰하고 CCK 자극분비에서 얻어진 이자 효소단백을 HPLC로 분리하여 각 효소의 분비양상을 관찰하였다. 또한 부신피질 흘몬과의 상호작용을 검색코 자 부신절제술을 시행한 쥐에서 같은 실험을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 흰쥐의 몸무게는 정상 대조군과 부신을 제거한 흰쥐에서 갑상선 기능이 저하되거나 항진될 경우 모두 몸무게의 증가가 둔화되었다. 2. 흰쥐의 몸무게에 대한 이자무게 비율은 부신절제술을 받은 동물이나 받지 않은 동물 모두 갑상선 기능저하시 이자무게 비율이 감소하였고, 갑상선 기능항진시 이자무게 비율 이 중가하였다. 3. 이자액 분비량은 부신절제술과 상관없이 갑상선 기능저하시 감소하였고 갑상선 기능 항진시 중가하였는데, 이는 특히 자극분비시보다는 기초분비에서 더욱 현저하였으며, 부 신절제만으로도 이자액 분비량이 증가하였다. 4. 총 단백 분비량은 부신절제와 상관없이 갑상선 기능저하시 감소하였고 갑상선 기능 항진시 증가하였으며 부신절제만으로도 정상 동물보다 현저히 증가 하였다. 5. 정상 횐쥐의 이자 효소단백을 HPLC로 분리한 바 lipase 2분획, trypsinogen 2분획, procarboxypeptidase 2분획을 포함하여 6개 효소 9개 동종효소 분획을 볼 수 있었으며 단 일 분획으로는 chymotrypsinogen이 가장 많았고 동종효소로는 trypsinogens 분획이 총 효 소 단백량 중에서 가장 많았다. 6. 이자 효소단백의 HPLC분획상에서 각 효소분획 비율의 변동을 분석한 결과, 갑상선 기 능저하시에는 현저한 lipase 분획의 감소와 proelastase 분획의 증가가 관찰되었고, 갑상 선 기능항진시에는 proelastase 분획이 감소되었다. 이와같은 결과로 보아 흰쥐에 있어서 갑상선 흘몬은 부신기능과는 무관하게 이자외분비 기능을 증가시키며 갑상선 기능변동은 anticoordinate 합성 또는 비 평행적 효소 분비를 유발한다고 생각한다. [영문] Exocrine pancreas synthesizes and secretes approximately 25 exportable proteins, most of which are digestive enzymes. The exocrine functions of pancreas are regulated by cholinergic nerve and a number of gastrointestinal hormones, notably secretin and CCK. Recently thyroxine and corticosteroids has also been suggested to act on exocrine pancreas, however, the results are controversial and their precise mode of action has not been established. Present study, therefore, was aimed to clarify the role of thyroid hormone and its interaction with corticosteroids, on exocrine pancreatic function in the hyper- and hypothyroid rats induced by thyroxine and PTU with or without adrenalectomy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing ca. 200g normal and adrenalectomized, were treated either with L-thyroxine (T4; 0.1mg/kg/day s.c.) or n-propylthiouracil(PTU; 0.01% in drinking water) for 2 weeks to induce hyper- or hypothyroidism. At the end of 2 weeks, the rats were anesthetized(urethane 1.75g/kg,s.c.) and the pure pancreatic juice was collected after ligation of proximal common bile duct in basal condition and during stimulation by secretin with or without CCK. The secretin-CCK stimulated pancreatic enzyme proteins were fractionated by HPLC using TSK pheny1 5PW hydrophobic interaction column. The results are as follows; 1. The increase of body weight during 2 weeks in normal and adrenalectomized rats was 72 ± 5g and 37 ± 6g, respectively, and the change of thyroid status to hypo- or hyperfunction caused further decrease of the weight gain. 2. The pancreas weight (g/100g B.W) was decreased in hypothyroid and increased in hyperthyroid ratsregardless of adrenalectomy. 3. The pancreatic juice flow was decreased in hypothyroid rats and increased in hyperthyroid rats which is more prominent in basal secretion than in stimulated secretion. 4. Total protein content in pancreatic juice was decreased in hypothyroid and increased in hyperthyroid rats which is not related to adrenal status but adrenalectomy itself caused increase of protein secretion. 5. The HPLC chromatogram revealed 9 isozyme fractions consisting of 2 lipases, 2 trtpsinogens, 2 procarboxypeptidases, proelastase, chymotrypsinogen and amylase. Chymotrypsinogen was the highest fraction as a single enzyme but two trypsinogen isozyme fractions occupied the highest proportion among the total enzyme protein. 6. The proportions of pancreatic enzyme fractions are modified by the changes of thyroid status; those are, in hypothyroid rats, the lipase fractions were decreased and proelastase was increased, however, in hyperthyroid rats, proelastase fraction was decreased. Adrenalectomy itself did not cause any significant influence on the ratio of all enzyme fractions. These results suggest that thyroid hormone enhances exocrine function of pancreas directly independent of adrenoeortical hormones, and the change of thyroid status induces anticoordinate synthesis or non-paralle1 secretion.restrictio

A Study on the superplastic deformation behavior of 7475 Al alloy

Maste

Hepatic Abscess in Korea

의학과/석사[영문] Professor Ludlow of Severance Union Medical College was the first to report (1923) the fact that hepatic abscess in a Korean patient produced clinical signs and symptoms which were somewhat different from those found among occidentals who stayed in the peninsula. Following the advent and subsequent wide use of chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics, the incidence of hepatic abscess has decrease along with its mortality rate. Event thought this condition is becoming rare, it is an insidious one. The alert clinician who considers the possibility of an hepatic abscess in his differential diagnosis, and who recognizes the condition in time to give adequate early treatment, can frequently prevent the patient's death. Too many patients are seen only after a long period of neglect, and at a time that adequate treatment is not effective. During the last 10 years the incidence of hepatic abscess among Koreans and occidentals has been the same. Every Korean surgeon will occasionally operate upon patients who have hepatic abscesses. However, as yet, there is no report of a systematic study of patients presenting this problem since Ludlow. The purpose of this study is to provide a statistical analysis of this problem and a knowledge of the clinical behaviour of hepatic abscess in Korea, there with providing material which can be used in comparing similar studies made in other countries. MATERIALS The case histories of 87 patients admitted to Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center from July 1, 1955 to June 30, 1965 were reviewed. Each patient had a diagnosis is hepatic abscess. 61 had surgery. 26 patients had their diagnosis confirmed by non-surgical measures such as X-Ray examination. RESULTS 1. Among 61 cases coming to surgery 28 (46%) were due to pyogenic infection 33 (54%) were amoebic in origin. 2. In both types of abscesses males outnumbered females in a 4:1 ratio. 3. The peak age incidence for both types came in the 4th decade (30-40 years). 4. The right lobe was involved in 86% of the pyogenic and 97% of the amoebic abscesses. The left lobe was involved in 14% of the pyogenic and only 3% of the amoebic abscesses. 5. In direct smear and culture studies the pus was found to be sterile in 32% of the abscesses. 36% showed Gram-negative cocci (the commonest organism found), and 18% had coagulase-positive staphylococci. 6. Only 15% of the amoebic abscesses showed Endamoeba Histolytica in the abscess, and only 4% had amoeba in their stools. 7. 8% of the patients with pyogenic abscess showed abnormal liver function, but 89% of those with amoebic abscess were found to have hepatic dysfunction. 8. 78% of the patients with pyogenic abscess had positive X-Ray findings and in amoebic abscess positive signs were present in 82%. 9. Pyogenic hepatic abscess was treated with pre and post-operative antibiotics, while emetine hydrochloride and chloroquine were the drugs of choice for the amebic abscess. Surgical drainage was used for both types. 10. 7% of the pyogenic, and 24% of the amebic abscess patients developed complications. 11. 4.9% of the 61 patients having surgical exploration or treatment died. This is mortality of 3.6% for the pyogenic and 6% for the amoebic abscess patients. CONCLUSION With adequate surgical drainage and the use of chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics as indicated the prognosis for hepatic abscess patients is good. The physician must always consider the possibility of an hepatic abscess in making the differential diagnosis for any patient who has chills and fever of obscure origin.restrictio