28 research outputs found

    Immunogenicity and Safety of Vaccines against Coronavirus Disease in Actively Treated Patients with Solid Tumors: A Prospective Cohort Study

    Get PDF
    Purpose We aimed to assess the humoral response to and reactogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination according to the vaccine type and to analyze factors associated with immunogenicity in actively treated solid cancer patients (CPs). Materials and Methods Prospective cohorts of CPs, undergoing anticancer treatment, and healthcare workers (HCWs) were established. The participants had no history of previous COVID-19 and received either mRNA-based or adenovirus vectorโ€“based (AdV) vaccines as the primary series. Blood samples were collected before the first vaccination and after 2 weeks for each dose vaccination. Spike-specific binding antibodies (bAbs) in all participants and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wild-type, Delta, and Omicron variants in CPs were analyzed and presented as the geometric mean titer. Results Age-matched 20 HCWs and 118 CPs were included in the analysis. The bAb seroconversion rate and antibody concentrations after the first vaccination were significantly lower in CPs than in HCWs. After the third vaccination, antibody levels in CPs with a primary series of AdV were comparable to those in HCWs, but nAb titers against the Omicron variant did not quantitatively increase in CPs with AdV vaccine as the primary series. The incidence and severity of adverse reactions post-vaccination were similar between CPs and HCWs. Conclusion CPs displayed delayed humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The booster dose elicited comparable bAb concentrations between CPs and HCWs, regardless of the primary vaccine type. Neutralization against the Omicron variant was not robustly elicited following the booster dose in some CPs, implying the need for additional interventions to protect them from COVID-19.ope

    Relationship among nurses' perception of accreditation, nursing practice environment and professional self-concept in an accredited healthcare system

    No full text
    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ž๋กœ ์ด 178๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2012๋…„ 4์›” 20์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์›” 4์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ PASW(Predictive Analytics SoftWare) statistics 18.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์€ ํ‰๊ท  31.13์„ธ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด 98.9%๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ํ•™์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๊ฐ€ 79.2%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง์œ„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 80.3%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ํ‰๊ท  7.75๋…„ยฑ6.08๋…„, ํ˜„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ํ‰๊ท  4.91๋…„ยฑ3.67๋…„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š”โ€˜๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹คโ€™๊ฐ€ 52.8%,โ€˜๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹คโ€™31.5% ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๋Š”โ€˜๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹คโ€™๊ฐ€ 52.2%, ์ค€๋น„ ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์€โ€˜๋งŽ์•˜๋‹คโ€™๊ฐ€ 66.3%์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 18.5%๊ฐ€โ€˜์žˆ๋‹คโ€™๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 270์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 189.05ยฑ23.28์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ†ต์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” โ€˜์ธ์ฆโ€™(3.56ยฑ.64์ ), โ€˜์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌโ€™(3.55ยฑ.60์ ), โ€˜์งˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผโ€™(3.54ยฑ.52์ ) ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ์ž์› ํ™œ์šฉ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ โ€˜๋ณด์ƒโ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ 2.69ยฑ.92์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 145์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 82.86ยฑ15.61์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” โ€˜์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜โ€™(3.09ยฑ0.56์ ) ์˜์—ญ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ†ต์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๊ทธ์น˜๋ฉฐโ€˜์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ž์›โ€™(2.52ยฑ0.72์ ) ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 135์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 87.46ยฑ14.30์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ†ต์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š”โ€˜๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐโ€™(2.93ยฑ0.76์ ) ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 5. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ(r=.326, p=.000)๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…(r=.263, p=.000)๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…(r=.32, p=.000)๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ์ธ์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†๋  ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ ์‹œํ–‰์— ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘โ€˜์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ž์›โ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์ด ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ถ€์„œ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.ope

    Quantitative Analysis of Electricity Industry Reform in Korea: Guidelines for Further Liberalization

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2009.2.Maste

    ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์žฌ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2012. 2. ๊น€์ƒํ—Œ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ ํ•ด 2003๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 244๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒจ๋„ GLS, ๊ณ ์ • ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ๋™์  ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ก์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ, ๊ณ ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ๋น„์œจ, ์‹ค ์—…๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์ •๋‹น์ผ์น˜์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์น˜์  ํŠน ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ก์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํŒจ๋„ GLS, ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ 1์ธ๋‹น ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ก์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋™์  ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜• ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋™์  ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ” ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆœํ™˜๋ก ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์™€ ๊ทธ ์ง์ „ ํ•ด์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด 1์ธ๋‹น ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ก์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํŒจ๋„ GLS, ๋™์  ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก 1์ธ๋‹น ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ก์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์  ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด 1์ธ๋‹น ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ก์— ์–‘(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์š” ์ธ๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์น˜ ์š”์ธ์—๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™• ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์žฌ์ •์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค.Maste

    Biomonitoring of Radionuclide and Trace Element using Moss and Lichen in Korea: Trends and Prospects

    No full text
    Master์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ, ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ํ•ต ์‹คํ—˜๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ํ† ์–‘, ์‹์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„์  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€์˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€์˜๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ข…์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€์˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹ค์ •์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ง์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์—๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™์  ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€์˜๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋™์  ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ด์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ํ”ผํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋“ฑ์ง€์™€ ํ•ต์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ถ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋“ฑ์ง€, ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ํ”ผํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฐ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€์˜๋ฅ˜ ์ข…๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ Parmelia sulcata, Xanthoria parietina, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ข…๋“ค์ด Co, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Eu, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th, U ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๋™์œ„์›์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํก์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด ์‹คํ—˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ICP-MS, NAA, INAA, HR ฮณ-spectroscopy ๋“ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋™์œ„ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€์˜๋ฅ˜ ์ข…๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋งŒ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ  ์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€์˜๋ฅ˜ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ถ„์„์ด๋‚˜ ์„œํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ด๋™ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค

    ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ํก์ฐฉ

    No full text
    DoctorRadionuclide pollutants have been released in large amounts by atmospheric nuclear tests, mining and milling of uranium, reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, and operation, decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear power facilities. Much of them have fallen to aquatic circumstances such as rivers, groundwater, and oceans. Among these radionuclides, 90Sr and 137Cs have long-term environmental influence because of their high fission yield and long half-life. Especially, Sr have high mobility, high water solubility, and high specific radioactivity. Hence, effective and specific methods to remove Sr from aquatic environment are required for nuclear safety, prevention of environmental pollution, and reduction of potential risks about human health. Adsorption is a primary technique for removing radionuclides with high economic feasibility and availability. Even though several types of organic and inorganic adsorbents have been used for removing Sr from aquatic circumstances, sodium titanates have most distinctive physico-chemical characteristics among the radionuclide adsorbents. The study is composed of three main categories. At first, amorphous sodium titanates were synthesized using a mid-temperature sol-gel method for evaluation as selective adsorbents of strontium from aqueous solution. Three different sodium titanates were synthesized and named as iii ST1, ST2, and ST3 with different synthesis method to observe methodological effect of sodium titanate synthesis. According to SEM and XRD experimental results, ST1, ST2 and ST3 had amorphous structure without any-crystalline complex. EDS experimental results assessed that it could be estimated the chemical compositions of the ST1, ST2, and ST3 as Na0.28H1.72TiO3, Na0.21H1.79TiO3 and Na0.56H1.44TiO3, respectively. It was found that protonation and hydration during sodium titanate synthesis could affect Sr adsorption ability of sodium titanate in aquatic solution significantly. In addition, it was revealed that ion-exchange process between Na and H could make Sr adsorption ability of sodium titanate lower. Second, it was found that ST3 showed highest capacity of Sr adsorption in aquatic solution containing both Sr and Cs among sodium titanates (ST1, ST2, and ST3). During the adsorption test with competing metal ions (Al, Mg, Ca, Mn), ST3 showed high Sr selectivity and Ca acted as the strongest inhibitor to Sr adsorption. This inhibition tendency of Sr adsorption by ST3 could be explained with size difference between Sr and other cations. Sr adsorption capacity by ST3 at equilibrium increased as the initial Cs and Sr concentrations increased. Although Sr competed with Cs for Na from ST3 during ion-exchange process, the Sr adsorption capacity obtained from adsorption experiments was higher than that in previous other studies that used aqueous solution that contained only Sr. Finally, It was revealed that Sr adsorption in aqueous solution by ST3 followed pseudosecond-order kinetics and generalized Langmuir isotherm model, which implicated that Sr adsorption mechanism, could be explained by diffusion and monolayer phenomenon. It was found that before Sr adsorption, Na+ ions and Ti3+ ions were present on the surface of ST3, and when Sr adsorption began, Sr ions in the aqueous solution were located on the surface of ST3 instead of Na iv ions via ion-exchange process, and then Sr forms the crystalline substances by surface precipitation, resulting in the presence of Ti4+ -based metal oxides by oxidation of Ti3+ on the surface of ST3.๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ•ต์ข… ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•ต์‹คํ—˜, ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์ฑ„๊ตด ๋ฐ ์ œ๋ถ„, ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ›„ ํ•ต์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์žฌ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์›์ „์‹œ์„ค ๊ฐ€๋™ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ฒด, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ•ต์ข… ์ œ์—ผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์จ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ•, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ•ต์ข… ์ค‘ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ-90 ๊ณผ ์„ธ์Š˜-137 ์€ ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด ์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ์€ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ•ต์ข…์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋‹น ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›์ž๋ ฅ ์•ˆ์ „, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํก์ฐฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ•ต์ข…์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ•ต์ข… ํก์ฐฉ์ œ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ํก์ฐฉ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์˜จ ์กธ-๊ฒ” ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ST1, ST2, ST3 ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SEM ๋ฐ XRD ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ST1, ST2 ๋ฐ ST3 ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ๊ฐ–์ง€์•Š๋Š” ๋น„์ •์งˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. EDS ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ST1, ST2, ST3 ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ Na0.28H1.72TiO3, Na0.21H1.79TiO3, Na0.56H1.44TiO3 ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ • ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ์ด์˜จ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์†Œ๋“ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋„ค์ดํŠธ (ST1, ST2, ST3) ์ค‘ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ๊ณผ ์„ธ์Š˜์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ ST3 ์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ(์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„, ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜, ์นผ์Š˜, ๋ง๊ฐ„)๊ณผ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ST3 ์€ ๋†’์€85 ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์นผ์Š˜์ด Sr ํก์ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ST3 ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ์ €ํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ด์˜จ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํก์ฐฉ ํ‰ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ST3 ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ธ์Š˜ ๋ฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ์€ ์ด์˜จ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ST3 ๋‚ด ์†Œ๋“์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ธ์Š˜๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํก์ฐฉ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ๋งŒ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํก์ฐฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ST3 ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ 2 ์ฐจ ๋™์—ญํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜จ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ ์ด์ „์— ST3 ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋Š„ 3 ๊ฐ€ ์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋“ ์ด์˜จ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ํก์ฐฉ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด Sr ์ด์˜จ์€ ์ด์˜จ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋“ ์ด์˜จ ๋Œ€์‹  ST3 ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์นจ์ „์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ST3 ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋Š„ 3 ๊ฐ€ ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋Š„ 4 ๊ฐ€ ์ด์˜จ๊ณ„ ๊ธˆ์† ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    Evolution of Design and Evolutionary psychology

    No full text

    Melodrama and music: Focusing on A streetcar named desire and The glass menagerie

    No full text
    corecore