An Integrative Literature Review of Quality of Life Intervention Programs for Patients with Schizophrenia

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to review the literature on quality of life intervention programs and to recommend further research and clinical considerations to improve the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Three electronic databases-PubMed, CHINAHL and RISS-were searched using the search terms of “schizophrenia” AND “quality of life” AND “intervention*” OR “program*.” The search was limited to studies published in English and Korean. Results: Ten studies were selected for the final analysis and evaluated in terms of contextual and methodological quality. The 10 studies consisted of 5 randomized controlled trials, 4 quasi-experimental studies, and 1 case report. The selected studies utilized an educational program, art and music therapy, physical activity therapy, and community-based integrated programs to alleviate psychological symptoms and showed effectiveness in improving quality of life. Conclusion: Interdisciplinary interventions and programs using multiple components reduced psychological symptoms and improved the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.ope

Revisiting The Meaning of A Good Nurse

Background: The health care paradigm is being challenged to put greater emphasis on promoting a healthy lifestyle and provide patient-customized care in a rapidly changing Korean society. Within such changes, it is worthwhile to identify how the meaning of a good nurse may be changing. Objective: This study explores the meaning of a good nurse from the perspective of nurses themselves. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with ten nurses who worked at senior general hospitals or governmental agencies using purposeful sampling. Individual interviews were done until data saturation was reached. The key question was “What does a good nurse mean to you?” After the interview, content analysis was done. Results: Six main themes and 16 subthemes were identified. The main themes showed that a good nurse was someone who ‘leans in toward the patient’, ‘provides professional care’, ‘keeps the cornerstone of one’s mind with a positive attitude’, ‘maintains a good relationship with colleagues’, ‘matures with her/his nursing philosophy and conviction’, ‘contributes to society’. Conclusion: This study provides basic data for exploring nurses’ self-image as a professional. Specifically, social role and macro level responsibilities were identified with nurses’ internal aspects such as a positive attitude, and nursing philosophy. The necessity of socio-environmental support for nurses was also emphasized. In addition, the results of this study can be used at the policy level to provide a better balance for development of good nursing.restrictio

Validity and Reliability of the Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS) Scale for Korean Adults

Purpose: The aims of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS) scale for Korean adults. Methods: Participants were 441 adults in South Korea, who completed in a self-reported online survey of ATTS. A total of 37 items were used for conducting item analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as examining the internal consistency. Results: Based on findings of item reduction and exploratory factor analyses, three factors were identified based on 16 items, such as ‘acceptability (7 items)’, ‘understandability (5 items)’, and ‘tabooing (4 items)’. These factors accounted for 49.4% of the total variance of ATTS. Known-groups, item convergent, and item discriminant validity were confirmed; Fitness of the modified mode was acceptable (x2=375.51, CFI=.84, TLI=.81, GFI=.90, AGFI=.87, RMSEA=.08). The Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient for the 16 items was .82. Conclusion: Three factors of the short version of ATTS may be useful to evaluate the suicidal attitudes of Korean adults effectively and accurately. Our study findings suggest that suicide attitude questionaries need to be constantly revised to consider socio-cultural environment.ope

Social-ecological Memory in Koreas Traditional Village Landscapes: Ethnographic and Spatial Approaches

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 환경대학원 : 환경계획학과, 2016. 8. 이도원.In nurturing resilience in social-ecological systems (SESs), memories of ecosystem stewardship practices that are retained by actors of SESs—referred to as social-ecological memories (SEMs)—play vital roles, particularly relevant in the face of change. This dissertation investigates the ways in which SEM is created, mobilized, and manifested to cope with disturbances and changes by employing various social and ecological resources while maintaining the systems identity, also referred to as resilience. It proposes SEM as a person-practice-place complex with crucial individual components. In other words, SEM that nurtures social-ecological resilience involves (1) memory carriers as the primary agents of SEM (person)(2) ecosystem stewardship practices based on local observations and experiential knowledge that has undergone a learning-by-doing process (practice)and (3) physical sites in which the person has experienced and learned through practice about ecosystem management, complex systems thinking, and the link between nature and humans. In this regard, this dissertation explores the characteristics of each indicator of SEM with individual cases concerning Koreas traditional village landscape (KTVL) and highlights their implications in the context of social-ecological resilience. Landscape here is understood as a unit of SES that is significant for its adaptive qualities. This adaptation is a feedback loop comprising the potential of the land and the ways in which humans make a living from it based on their knowledge systems and cosmologies. Additionally, I focus on traditional ecological knowledge as a type of SEM that has undergone vigorous trial-and-error over time, because in certain circumstances there is a reluctance to innovate and adapt in the face of change within an SES. In studying SES concerning KTVL, I use both autobiographical and historical memories as sources for analyzing the SEM. For instance, in Chapter Three, I use Park Wan-suhs novel Who Ate Up All the Shinga? as an example of autobiographical memory to analyze aspects of ecoliteracy and place attachment as reflected in SEM. Ecoliteracy is defined as ecological knowledge with regard to the names of living and physical components, practices of the resource management system, and landscape management systems. Worldviews and cosmologies that are closed related with person-place attachment are also delineated. These observations exemplify how memories of person-practice and person-place interactions are manifested in forms of ecoliteracy and place attachment. The study also shows how SES in relation to KTVL is highly influenced by village landscape management practices within a watershed. In Chapter Four, I explore the role of SEM in fostering the adaptive capacity of a community through its synergy with other sources of resilience such as leadership, and with cross-scale and cross-level interactions. The result of ethnographic study conduced in a rural area in South Korea indicates that SEM concerning village landscape configuration is reinforced through land use changes and scale-related issues brought about by top-down policy processes. Although the evidence used here focuses on villagers attempts to cope with flood damages, it demonstrates the importance of SEM in allowing for community-based resilience practices. In Chapter Five, I draw on historical records as types of historical memory to define the social-ecological identity of KTVL with emphasis on Koreas traditional village grove and to assess the current spatial identity of the landscape. With the analyzed spatial identity, I was able to locate potential traditional village grove sites in KTVLs that are not in the current governmental data. Although cognitive dimensions of SEM highlight the place-based values of physical environments, based on an SES framework, this dissertation claims that person-practice-place dynamics are also manifested through the spatial characteristics and spatial resilience of a place. It concludes that person-practice-place interactions are central to SEM, which plays a critical role in allowing for ecosystem stewardship in various regions. Institutions to support SEM-based stewardship activities and conservation strategies to protect physical sites in which SEM is accumulated and stored are needed for the maintenance, transmission, and mobilization of sources of resilience.CHAPTER ONE: Linking People with Ecosystem Stewardship Practice and Cultural Landscape 5 CHAPTER TWO: Theoretical Emergence 19 CHAPTER THREE: Autobiographical Social-ecological Memory 35 CHAPTER FOUR: Social-ecological Memory and Adaptive Capacity 50 CHAPTER FIVE: Identity of Korea's Traditional Village Landscape 69 CHAPTER SIX: Toward Better Landscape Stewardship 87 요약(국문초록) 95 REFERENCES 97Docto

Embracing and Growing as a Peer Support Provider: An Analysis of Participants’ Experience in a Peer Support Program Based on the Recovery Model of Mental Illness

Peer support is an important factor in the recovery of persons with mental illness. Most studies have focused on the effects of peer support programs on participants rather than on the process of mental health recovery. This study was a qualitative analysis of the experience of participants in a peer support provider program based on the recovery model of mental illness in Korean communities. The participants were recruited through flyers, and interested candidates were screened to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria. The total number of participants in individual interviews was 10, comprising 5 males and 5 females. The participants' age range was 20 years to 50 years, and schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis. By applying the six-step content analysis method by Braun and Clarke, this study extracted 140 meaningful statements, from which 20 sub-themes, 7 subcategories, and 3 categories were derived. The core theme of participants' experience was embracing and growing as a peer support provider as part of recovery progress by aspiring a peer support provider, positively accepting illness, and engaging in a meaningful role in the community. The participants expressed their emotions by sharing their experiences; they recognized the possibility of recovery from powerlessness and despair and learned to play a vital role as a member of the community.ope

Comparative Study of Dietary Patterns by Living Arrangements: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013-2015

This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Koreans, comparing them according to their living arrangements, and to determine factors associated with the patterns. We analyzed nutritional data of 6719 Korean adults aged 19-64 years from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using the exploratory factor and hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses. We used multinominal logistic regression to compare factors associated with each dietary pattern. We identified three dietary patterns based on meal preference and dessert type: "traditional meal with healthy dessert", "meal only", and "unhealthy dessert" (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.90, Bartlett's test of sphericity p < 0.001). The "unhealthy dessert" dietary pattern was more frequent in people living alone (51.7%) than in those living with others (41.8%). Weight control, dining out, eating breakfast, and sleep were significantly associated with the "meal only"; eating breakfast was associated with the "unhealthy dessert" dietary pattern among those living alone. Lifestyle factors were associated with unhealthy dietary patterns in Korean adults living alone, warranting the need for a healthy diet and promotion of modifiable health behaviors for this subgroup. Thus, clinicians must provide comprehensive assessments and multidimensional interventions while considering lifestyle factors and unhealthy dietary patterns to improve the health status of them.ope

한・중・일 교과서 속 에너지 관련 내용에 대한 비판적 담론분석

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 환경대학원 : 환경계획학과, 2013. 2. 윤순진.Climate change has increased concern for sustainability around the globe. In particular, energy-related issues have been receiving significant attention, as energy-related issues such as energy use, energy security, energy security, and the energy crisis are intrinsically related to the sustainability of our human society. Among the various academic attempts to address these concerns, educational efforts have garnered attention from experts in diverse fields due to the realization of the importance of involving citizens and future stakeholders in the green movement. Therefore, this study examines how energy-related contents are designed and delivered in the national educational environments of China, Japan, and Korea, which are major energy-consuming countries in Asia. With a comprehensive understanding of energy as the force that runs the earth and provides links for humanity ― not merely a means to sustain economic development ― it is argued that the concept of ecological citizenship, which questions industrialism, is a desirable educational goal. The concept promotes the development of ecological empathy and the nurturing of green political thought and green competence. However, national education sometimes inhibits the development of such a normative virtue because it is often regarded as the arrangement of a desired ideology prepared by a dominant power. Hence, with this theoretical background, the questions arise of how energy-related texts are written and what the explicit and implicit implications of the texts are. China, Japan, and Korea are all well known for their centralized educational systems in which the curriculum and textbook systems are all controlled by governmental agents. As all three nations cover nine years of compulsory education, a total of 111 middle-school science and social studies national textbooks are collected and 46 of them are finally selected as those with energy-related content. The present research adopted a critical discourse analysis approach so as to interpret implicitly and explicitly embedded messages of energy-related texts. In other words, the study views texts in national textbooks as a discourse that is promoted by mainstream politics. Through this study, it is concluded that as climate change is becoming a global concern, the three nations are all devising countermeasure strategies in accordance with their social, political, and economic cultures. These strategies are then projected onto the curricula and textbooks. What is found in this study is a standardized means of explaining energy and energy issues that is also in line with national social and political cultures. For example, general concerns about energy issues with respect to environmental problems, issues related to finite resources, the need for new and renewable energy sources, and the safe and efficient use of electric energy are common contents emphasized in all three nations' textbooks. Different contents, such as population growth in the case of China, the energy-crisis experiences in the case of Japan, and the green growth paradigm in Korea also seem to be related to the different national interests and conditions. Also, science textbooks tend to contain more energy-related content than social studies textbooks do, often entailing an optimistic attitude toward science and technology. No integrated explanation of energy and energy-related issues is provided, and energy is chiefly described as a power-providing source that is essential for sustaining the status quo. In particular, nuclear energy-related contents, in all three cases, are limited not only in terms of how much space is allocated but in terms of how the related contents are described. It is argued that such results illustrate the natural characteristics of nuclear energy being an authoritarian technology. Furthermore, other voices that place emphasis on social justice and ecological empathy are negated in the textbooks. Thus, it can be assumed that the interests of the discourse as reflected in the examined energy-related contents lies in maintaining the current dominant systemtherefore, students are naturally considered as willing recipients of legitimate knowledge, individual energy consumers with the responsibility to exercise efficient energy use, and often as future scientists who can develop advanced energy technologies. These results suggest that not one of the nations is prepared to implement the concept of ecological citizenship in an educational setting. Of course, opportunities for multiple readings still exist and therefore a more precise investigation of texts in national schoolbooks with various methodological approaches and more questions about framing energy-related issues are encouraged research topics for future studies. The present study will hopefully contribute to the process of questioning the role of current education systems as well as the mainstreams strategies to approach energy-related issues in the light of sustainability.Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Theoretical Background 1. Perspectives on Energy 2. The Need for Green Citizenship (1) New Responsibility and Obligation (2) Educational Perspective of Ecological Citizenship 3. The Role of Learning: From Education system to Text, in Relation to Energy Education Ⅲ. Methodological Background 1. Data Collection (1) The Current Curriculum and Textbooks System (2) Selected Data 2. Methodological Approaches Ⅳ. Results 1. Curriculum Analysis (1) Science Subject (2) Social Studies Subject 2. Analysis of Textbooks (1) Brief Frequency and Space Analysis (2) Analysis of Science Textbooks (3) Analysis of Social Studies Textbooks 3. Comparison of Nuclear Energy Education (1) Analysis of Science Textbooks (2) Analysis of Social Studies Textbooks Ⅴ. Discussion Ⅵ. Conclusion References List of Collected TextbooksMaste

Hair Cortisol Concentrations as a Biological Marker of Maternal Prenatal Stress: A Systematic Review

Recently, biological markers of maternal prenatal stress, hair cortisol, along with saliva, blood, and urine cortisol, have received attention. However, it is necessary to validate measuring hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) as a biomarker of perceived stress among healthy and high-risk pregnant women. This study aimed to confirm the correlation between HCC and the perceived stress of pregnant women over 18 years of age. In this systematic review, we used various search engines to extract relevant articles using specific keywords related to pregnancy, hair cortisol, and psychological stress. Four out of 3639 studies met the inclusion criteria. We conducted a quality assessment with the help of three independent reviewers using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. The correlation between HCC and perceived stress was confirmed in one study. There was only one study on hair washing, shampoo, conditioner, and hair structure that could affect hair samples. In four studies, hair samples differed in length, methods of storage, and laboratory analysis. The review was limited to confirming the relationship between HCC and perceived stress in pregnant women based on the current evidence. Studies on hair cortisol need regulated and standardized methods for collection, storage, and analysis of hair samples.ope

Relationships among Suicide Traumatic Experiences, Attitudes toward Suicide, Depression, Self-efficacy, and Social Support in General Adults

Purpose: The amis of this study were to examine the suicide traumatic experiences and attitudes toward suicide and examine their associations with depression, self-efficacy, and social support in general adults. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data were collected through a web-based survey (N=500). We analyzed 441 respondents considering missing data. A structured questionnaire included Attitude Toward Suicide (ATTS), experiences and characteristics related to suicide, depression, self-efficacy, and social support. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA with Scheffe tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS/WIN 23. Results: Among study participants, 34.9% reported suicide traumatic experiences. When they had more ‘acceptability’ and ‘understandability’ in the attitudes toward suicide, they were younger, more depressive, and at the lower level of self-efficacy. There were somewhat differences of associations of ‘understandability’ in the attitudes toward suicide with depression, suicide attempt, suicide thought, and experience counseling between the suicide trauma and non-trauma groups. There were positive correlations for ‘acceptability’, ‘understandability’, ‘tabooing’, and depression and negative correlations for ‘acceptability’, self-efficacy, and social support. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that educational programs need to improve nurse's ability in suicide-related practices considering psychological factors and development of comprehensive nursing interventions.ope

Systematic Review of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index used for Measuring Sleep Quality among Adults with Trauma Experiences

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles that used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale to measure sleep quality among adults with trauma experiences. Methods: Databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, Medline, Google Scholar, Riss, NDSL, and reference data were searched systematically for relevant studies from July 5 to 6, 2018. A quality assessment was conducted using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) risk of bias checklist, including content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, hypotheses testing, cross-cultural validity, criterion validity, and responsiveness. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. All selected studies confirmed the overall quality of sleep by total score, but only 28.6% of the papers presented subscales. The quality of the methodology used varied within and between studies. Internal consistency of 21.5%, cross-cultural validity of 7.1%, and criterion validity of 14.2% were all evaluated as sufficient (+). Reliability and measurement errors were not presented in selected studies. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that overall quality of sleep was measured by analyzing the characteristics and measurement attributes of the PSQI. However, as a result of the varying purposes of each study, the full potential of the tool could not be optimized. Future research should assess the attributes of the PSQI based on the content specified in the COSMIN evaluation standard, using it carefully to consider the target population’s socio-cultural characteristics.ope