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    ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ณ€์ด์™€ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ : ๋น„๋งŒ์€ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ธ์ž์ธ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์ธ๊ฐ€?

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    Graduate Program in Science for Aging/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ธ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ญํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-ฮณ) ์™€ runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐํ˜ˆ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์— ์„œ๋กœ โ€œ์‹œ์†Œโ€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น„๋งŒ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ adipokines - leptin(LEP)๊ณผ adiponectin (ADIPOQ) ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณจํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณจํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋‘ ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ฆˆ๋ฉ”๋”” ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ž์›ํ•œ 60-79์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐฑ๋…„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ 907๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณจ๋ฐ€๋„, ๊ณจ ํ‘œ์ง€์ž ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๋น„๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ฐ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž (PPARG, RUNX2, LEPR, LEP, ADIPOQ)์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ 13๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ (SNP)์„ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (rs2938392;PPARG, rs7771980;RUNX2, rs8179183;LEPR, rs1501299;ADIPOQ). ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์ถ”์˜ ๊ณจ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณผ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ (p<0.001), ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ (p=0.0681) ์ฒ™์ถ” ๊ณจ์ ˆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋„ ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค (odd ratio 1.064 95% CI [1.003-1.029], p=0.0383). RUNX2์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ(rs7771980) ์ค‘ TC+CC ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ TT ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋ฉฐ(odd ratio 0.55 [0.32-0.94], p=0.0297), PPARG ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ (rs2938392) ์ค‘ AA ๊ทธ๋ฃน(29.26%)์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ AG ๊ทธ๋ฃน (34.90%), GG ๊ทธ๋ฃน (44.20% ) ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. (Odds ratio 1.39 95% CI [1.13-1.71] p=0.0014). ADIPOQ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ (rs1501299) ์ค‘ GG ๊ทธ๋ฃน(24.06%) ์˜ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์œจ์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘์œจ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ GT ๊ทธ๋ฃน(18.99%), T T ๊ทธ๋ฃน(15.38%) ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค (Odds ratio 0.76 95% CI [0.58-0.99], p=0.0473). LEPR์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ (rs8179183) ์ค‘ GG ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ GC+CC ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์œจ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (odd ratio 0.65, 95% CI[0.39-1.08], p=0.095, odd ratio 1.46, 95% CI[0.96-2.09], p=0.076) ADIPOQ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ (rs1501299) ์ค‘ GT+TT ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๊ณ ์นผ์Š˜ ์„ญ์ทจ ๊ทธ๋ฃน (>1000mg/day) ์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณจ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด G G ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค (p interaction = 0.0283). ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œใ€€๋น„๋งŒ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ฒด์  ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํ†ต์  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋„์›€์ด๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค๏ผŽใ€€ [์˜๋ฌธ]Back ground In contrast to our traditional belief that obesity is a protective factor for bone, recent epidemiologic studies show that body fat might be a risk factor of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-ฮณ) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) act as a โ€œsee-sawโ€ which regulates a differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell to osteoblast or adipocyte. Two adipokines which are derived from the adipocyte - leptin(LEP) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) have a critical role in bone formation and bone resorption. Methods 907 postmenopausal healthy female subjects, age 60-79 years, recruited from Miz Medical hospital were measured for BMD, bone marker and adiposity and genotyped for 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 5 genes (PPARG, RUNX2, LEPR, LEP, ADIPOQ). Finally 4 SPNS were selected to be analyzed (rs2938392 of PPARG, rs7771980 of RUNX2, rs8179183 of LEPR, rs1501299 of ADIPOQ). Results The lumbar BMD was positively associate with body weight (p<0.001) and negative with body % fat (p=0.0681). Vertebral fracture risk also increased as body % fat increased; odd ratio 1.064 (1.003-1.029), p=0.0383. TC+CC genotype group of rs7771980 from RUNX2 had a lower vertebral fracture risk than TT group ; odd ratio 0.55 (0.32-0.94), p=0.0297 whereas in genotype group of rs 2938392 from PPARG, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in AA group, AG group and GG group is 29.26%, 34.90% and 44.20% which gradually increased according to the genotype . (Odds ratio 1.39, 95% CI[1.13-1.71] p=0.0014). For the ADIPOQ SNP, rs1501299, the prevalence of osteoporotic fracture was 24.06% in GG group, 18.99% in GT group, 15.38% in TT group showing a gradual decrease according to the ordered genotype group (Odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI[0.58-0.99], p=0.0473). GG genotyped group of rs8179183 from LEPR had a relatively lower vertebral fracture risk (odd ratio 0.65, 95% CI[0.39-1.08], p=0.095) and a higher metabolic syndrome risk (odd ratio 1.46, 95% CI[0.96-2.09], p=0.076) in comparison with GC+CC group. High Calcium intake(>1000mg/day) contributed to high BMD in GT+TT genotyped group of rs1501299 (p interaction = 0.0283) Conclusion Some SNPs from adiposity-related genes were associated with BMD or fracture risk. Common genomic feature of these genes to two phenotypes - fat and bone give us a rationale to develop co-treatment drugs or nutrients to prevent obesity and osteoporosis together.ope

    Chromosomal sensitivity to bleomycin in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ฐœ์•”์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์œ ์ „์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์•”๊ธฐ์ „์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ด์†Œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ(mutagen sensitivity)์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ bleomycin์„ ์‹œํ—˜๋ณ€์ด์†Œ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์†์ƒ์˜ ์–‘์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ด์†Œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์•”๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ณ€์ด์†Œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์•”๊ตฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ bleomycin ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก์— bleomycin ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ถ„์—ด ์ฆ๊ธฐ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, bleomycin์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์†์ƒ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธํฌ๋‹น ํŒŒ์†๋œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ถ„์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„(chromatid breaks per cell;b/c rate)๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™ ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์•”๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ„์˜ bleomycin ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท  b/c ๋น„๋Š” 0.2 ์—์„œ 0.6์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ๊ฐ„์•”๊ตฐ์ด ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด bleomycin์— ๋” ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์•”๊ตฐ์˜ 61.8%๊ฐ€ 0.4์ด์ƒ์˜ b/c๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ 28.5%๋งŒ์ด 0.4์ด์ƒ์˜ b/c ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฐ„์•”๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•œ ๊ตด๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์•”์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ bleomyoin ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ด์†Œ (bleomycin)๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์„œ bleomycin ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ๊ด€์—ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] It has been established that cancer can be caused by genetic factors as well as environmental factors. In understanding the relationship between genetic predisposition and cancer, a new concept of mutagen sensitivity based on individuality and heterogeneity within a population has recently been explored. Using bleomycin as the test mutagen, an assay protocol was developed to record the rates of induced chromosome breakage as a crude approach to evaluate individual's response or sensitivity to carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of differential susceptibility to mutagens among human individuals and to determine the role of genetic predisposition in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of mutagen sensitivity. Bleomycin sensitivity test was performed in 14 patients with chronic liver disease and 21 patients wi th hepatocellular carcinoma. The number of chromatid breaks per cell in metaphase of lymphocyte (b/c rate) was recorded and used as an index of chromosomal damage after blemycin treatment. The results obtained were as forllows: 1. Bleomycin sensitivity varied somewhat widely in both patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, the mean chromatid b/c rates ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. 2. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma responded with relatively higher b/c rates to b]eomycin, compared to patients with chronic liver disease. Only 28.5% of chronic liver dlsease group had b/c rates higher than 0.4, but the reverse distribution was found in hepatocellular carcinoma group, viz, 61.8% of these responded with b/c rates above 0.4. 3. Between subgroups of hepatocellular caroinoma, subgroups of early onset and with family history of cancer seemed to be more sensitive to bleomycin than other subgroups. The above results suggest that different individuals seem to respond differently to the same mutagen(bleomycin) and that bleomycin sensitivity, as a genetic factor, may play some roie in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.restrictio

    Apoptosis of hepatic stellate cell in acute carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury.

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌope

    (The) analysis of the subjective health status and the health utilization satisfaction among North Korean refugees in South Korea

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    ๊ตญ์ œ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] 2000๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ ์ดํƒˆ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ์ด์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚จํ•œ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•œ์ง€ ๋งŒ 2๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋œ ๋ถํ•œ ์ดํƒˆ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ๋‚ด ์ ์‘์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 1998๋…„๋„ 5์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2001๋…„๋„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž…๊ตญํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 151๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ž…์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ, ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ t-test ๋ฐ one way ANOVA๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž 85๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž 66๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 37.63์„ธ์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 36๊ฐœ์›”์—์„œ 60๊ฐœ์›” ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  48.17๊ฐœ์›”์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ 46.34%๊ฐ€ โ€˜์ข‹๋‹คโ€™ ํ˜น์€ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹๋‹คโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” 2001๋…„๋„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚จํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด 58.8%์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 2๋…„ ์ „๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ โ€˜์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋‹คโ€™ ํ˜น์€ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋‹คโ€™๊ณ  ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 22.17%๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚จํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 48๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 48๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…๊ต, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ด, ๊ต์œก, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ, ๋™๊ฑฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํƒœ, ์ž…์›์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰์œ„๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ถํ•œ ์ดํƒˆ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„(65%), ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ(59.58%), ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ(54.78%), ๋ณ‘์˜์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ(86.61%), ํ–‰์ •์ ˆ์ฐจ (68.49%)๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ 50%๋ฅผ ๋„˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ, ๋ณ‘์˜์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ํ–‰์ •์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” 48๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค 48๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ €ํ•˜๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ •์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„ ๋งŒ 2๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋œ ๋ถํ•œ ์ดํƒˆ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ 2001๋…„๋„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ข‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ, ์ข…๊ต ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „์ธ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค [์˜๋ฌธ]As increasing numbers of North Korean Refugees, their adaptation has become social issues. Especially health problems affect to their adaptation, so that it is needed to investigate more concrete and integrated study on their health and health utilization. The purpose of this study was to describe the health status and health utilization satisfaction among the North Korean refugees who has been in South Korea more than 2 years. This study employed a survey design using a interview method. A total 151 North Korean refugees who has come in South Korea between 1998 May to 2001 March participated in this study. Data were analyzed the factors affecting the subjective health status using t-test, one way ANOVA and multiple regression. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the average age among 85 men and 66 women was 37.63 years old, the average resident periods is 48.17 months. Second, The positive subjective health status is 46.34% which is less to the 2001 national health nutrition survey''s one, 58.8%. The subjective health status of the group more 48 month residental period is lower than the group less 48 months. Another factors which affect the subjective health status is the religion, chronic morbidity, depression. Sex is an affecting factor according to the univariate analysis but not to the multiple regression. Third, the satisfaction rate to the health utilization is 65% (doctor''s attitude), 59.58% (medical quality), 54.78% (cost), 86.61% (hospital environment) and 68.49% (administration). The difference of the satisfaction rate according to the residental periods is not significant except the cost that is lowering as the time pass away. The findings of this study will be helpful to make the detailed policy to the North Korean refugees who is struggling to adapt and survive in South Korea.ope

    ํ†ตํ•ฉ์š”๊ธˆ์ œ ์‹œํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์š”๊ธˆ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Study of Seoul public transportation fare policy in operating the integral fare policy)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋กœ์„œ ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ๊ด‘์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋กœ์„œ ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
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