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    ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ๋ฐ•ํ˜„์ •.EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ ๊ต์œก์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2011ํ•™๋…„๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ˆ˜ํ•™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ต์žฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ 70% ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ถœ์ œ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ 3 ์ˆ˜ํ—˜์ƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์–ด, ์ˆ˜ํ•™, ์˜์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ๋ณ„ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณ„์—ด ๊ณ 3 ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–‘์ โ€ค์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘โ€ค๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์ข…๋‹จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4์ฐจ๋…„๋„(2008๋…„)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6์ฐจ๋…„๋„(2010๋…„) ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณ„์—ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ 3,328๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ํ•™์ƒ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„๊ณ„์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ธต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์ธต๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ญํ™•๋ฅ  ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ํƒํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์–‘์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ PUPA ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ 4์ง‘๋‹จ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž(EBS, KICE, EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ต์žฌ์ €์ž), ์ˆ˜์š”์ž(ํ•™์ƒ, ๊ต์‚ฌ, ์‚ฌ์„ค ํ•™์› ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ), ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€(๊ด€๋ จ๋ถ„์•ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž), ๊ต์œก๋‹น๊ตญ(๊ต์œก๋ถ€, ์‹œ๋„๊ต์œก์ฒญ)์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ด 44๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘โ€ค๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ์–ด์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์–ด์™€ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ฒด๊ฐ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํšจ์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์—ฐ๊ณ„ 30% ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ค‘์†Œ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์๋ฉด์ดํ•˜์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ต์œก ์†Œ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธต์—๊ฒŒ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก๋ณต์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์ดํ•ด๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜์— ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ์ธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ค‘โ€คํ•˜์œ„๊ถŒ์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด๋‚˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ์ฒญ์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์†Œ ์ถ”์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ, ์ „๊ตญ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–‘์ โ€ค์งˆ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ, EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก๋ณต์ง€์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 1. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 9 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์œก๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ์‹คํƒœ 11 2. ์ •๋ถ€๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 22 3. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 31 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ 31 ๋‚˜. ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ 40 ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  48 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค 51 1. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ 51 ๊ฐ€. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ 51 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก 53 ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ 55 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 55 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 57 1. ์–‘์ โ€ง์งˆ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ 57 2. ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 59 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ 59 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 61 ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜• 92 ๋ผ. ๋ถ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ 102 3. ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 102 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ 102 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 113 โ…ค. ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 115 1. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 115 ๊ฐ€. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ํŠน์„ฑ 115 ๋‚˜. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ 119 ๋‹ค. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” 124 ๋ผ. ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ํŠน์ง• 129 2. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 132 ๊ฐ€. ์–‘์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 132 ๋‚˜. ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 140 โ…ฅ. ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 156 1. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 156 2. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 158 ๊ฐ€. ์–‘์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 158 ๋‚˜. ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 186 โ…ฆ. ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 195 1. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ 195 2. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 197 ๊ฐ€. ์–‘์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 197 ๋‚˜. ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 220 โ…ง. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 232 1. ์š”์•ฝ 232 2. ๋…ผ์˜ 233 ๊ฐ€. EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 236 ๋‚˜. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ๋œ ๊ต์œก์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ EBS ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ œ๊ณต 240 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 243 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 247 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 263 Abstract 267Docto

    A Panel Analysis of Determinants of Demand for Private English Tutoring among College Students

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๊ณ ์šฉํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ(KEEP) ์ค‘3์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌํ•™์ƒ์˜ 3๋…„(2009๏ฝž2011๋…„)๊ฐ„ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒจ๋„ ํ”„๋กœ๋น— ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ํŒจ๋„ ํ† ๋น— ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌํ•™๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋•Œ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ณ , ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ์ง์ „์—ฐ๋„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์—ด๋œ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ „๊ณต ์˜์–ด ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ ์‹œ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์งˆ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋“ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to identify undergraduate students' participation in private English tutoring, particularly associated with experience of private tutoring at high school. Using the data of the third-year cohort at middle school from the Korea Education and Employment Panel (KEEP), we applied the panel probit model and the panel random-effect tobit model in order to analyze the determinants of participation in private English education during college and the size of costs. The main findings are as follows: First, college students who participated in private English tutoring at high school tend to resort to private tutoring, spending more time and money than the students who did not. Second, satisfaction is the most influential determinant on both participation and expenditure. These results suggest that university should find what satisfies their students, and upgrade the level of students' satisfaction in terms of the quality of professors and operating programs

    ๋Œ€์กธ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ง๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ์ž ์žฌ์œ ํ˜• ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„

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    40% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์กธ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง๋ฌด์™€ ๊ต์œก(๊ธฐ์ˆ ) ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ณต๊ณผ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•จ. 2005๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2015๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ์†Œ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์‘๋‹ต ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5.3%p, 4.6%p ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ง๋ฌด ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ต์œก(๊ธฐ์ˆ ) ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กธ ์ทจ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ์†Œํญ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ. ์˜์•ฝ๊ณ„์—ด๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2005๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 2015๋…„์— โ€˜๊ณผ์†Œ๊ต์œก-์ „๊ณต ์ผ์น˜ ์ง‘๋‹จโ€™์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์—ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ. ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์žฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ทจ์—… ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ์ง„๋กœยท์ทจ์ฐฝ์—… ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ.40% of college graduates say that they experience a mismatch between their jobs and their education or skill levels and that their jobs are irrelevant to their majors. Between 2005 and 2015, the proportion of those who report an education or skill mismatch rose by 5.3%p and 4.6%p, respectively, showing a slight increase in the proportion of employed college graduates who feel that their education or skill levels are insufficient to perform their jobs properly. In healthcare and education, such perceived mismatches rose far more significantly than in other fields between 2005 and 2015. Given the important role that higher education plays, the government and universities need to address the issue by providing incumbent students with sufficient job information and running career, job, and startup programs

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์ข…๋‹จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 5์ฐจ๋…„๋„์™€ 6์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ EBS ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„์™€ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์„ฑ์ ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์„  ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ 3,310๋ช…, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ 2,686๋ช…, ์˜์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ 2,976๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•(Difference in Difference) ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ์—์„œ๋งŒ EBS ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›” 12,956์› ์ •๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณต๋ณ€์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ณ€์ธ ํ†ต์ œ ์ „๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜(์›” 12,275์›), ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์›” 11,960์› ๋งŒํผ ๋” ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ์˜์—ญ ๊ด€๋ จ 2,084๋ช…, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ์˜์—ญ ๊ด€๋ จ 1,788๋ช…, ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์˜์—ญ ๊ด€๋ จ 2,108๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ธ์–ด, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ EBS ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•  ํ™• ๋ฅ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ‘œ์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ EBS ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ 2011ํ•™๋…„๋„ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์„ฑ์ (ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ˆ˜)์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ EBS ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์„ฑ์ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” EBS ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„์™€ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์„ฑ์ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of EBS lectures focusing on the private tutoring expenses and the College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT) score for high school students using 2010 and 2011 Korean Education Longitudinal Study(KELS) data. Based on the 3,310, 2,686, 2,976 students data from each Korean language, mathematics, and English, the effects of EBS lectures on private tutoring expenses were analyzed using Difference in Difference(DID) method. The results showed that the EBS lectures had a significant effect on reducing 12,956 won monthly only in mathematics. After controlling relevant covariates, the results of analysis was similar in mathematics(12,275 won per month was reduced). However, it was found that the private tutoring expenses for Korean language were increased 11,960 won when students took the EBS lectures. In addition, based on the 2,084, 1,788, 2,108 students data from each Korean language, mathematics and English, propensity score was calculated. A matched sampling method was used to analyze the effects of EBS lectures on CSAT score using the propensity score. The results showed that the group of student who watching EBS lectures scored significantly higher than non-watching group in the Korean language (p<.001). Those results indicate that the effects of EBS lectures on private tutoring expenses and CSAT score are different among subject-matters

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    An Analysis on the Effectiveness of ICT Policy in Education : Korea, Singapore and Australia in TIMSS 2007

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” TIMSS 2007์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™โ€ค๊ณผํ•™ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ •๋ณดํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ-ํ•™๊ต์˜ 2์ˆ˜ ์ค€ ์œ„๊ณ„์  ์„ ํ˜•๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์™€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ณดํ™” ๋ณ€์ธ์ด ๊ณผํ•™ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„, ํ•™์Šตํƒœ๋„ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ์˜ ICT ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋“ฑ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋‚˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์—, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์—ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ•™์Šต ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ณผํ•™ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. This study aims at comparing the effectiveness of ICT policy in education across Korea, Singapore, and Australia in TIMSS 2007 data using the two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). The study was approached by analyzing the effects of the ICT variables on math and science performance. It turned out that in Korea, ICT availability at home is higher but ICT availability in school is lower than those of Singapore and Australia. And at school level, ICT characteristics' effects on science performance in Korea had much larger than that of Singapore and Australia. While the ICT availability at home has still statistically positive effects, the ICT availability in school has statistically negative effects on performance with constraining the significant variables like a gender, SES, attitude toward learning and so on. In addition, it was not effective for teacher to use computer for scientific procedures or experiments in Korea, also for mathematic function and procedures in Singapore. However, in case of Australia, using a computer for studying natural phenomena through simulation and looking up ideas or information influenced science performance positively. It means that the ICT policy in education has a little different effect on math and science performance across Korea, Singapore, and Australia, so in-depth studying with national context should be needed

    The profile analysis for private tutoring expenses of undergraduate and graduate students using the youth panel data collected by KEIS

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •๋ณด์›์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ํŒจ๋„ 2007๋…„(1์ฐจ๋…„๋„)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„(4์ฐจ๋…„๋„)๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™ (์›)์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ–‰์ •๊ณ ์‹œ ๋“ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ ์ทจ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ตœํ•˜ 14.5%(2010๋…„)์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  22.6%(2007๋…„) ์ˆ˜ ์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ์˜ 1์ธ๋‹น ์›” ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋Š” ์ตœํ•˜ 25.2๋งŒ ์›(2008๋…„)์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  28.2๋งŒ ์›(2007๋…„) ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ์‹œํ—˜์ค€๋น„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ์˜ 50% ์ • ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ, ์„ธ๋ฌด์‚ฌ, ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ž๊ฒฉ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ทจ์—… ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ› ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ์˜ 50% ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ TOEIC, TOEFL, TEPS ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜์–ด์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์—์„œ์˜ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์ค€๋น„์™€ ์ทจ์—…์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2007๋…„๋„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํšก๋‹จ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋ถ„์„โ€ค์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ 1ํ•™ ๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4ํ•™๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ง€์ถœ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…๋‹จ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋ถ„์„โ€ค์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. This study analyzed the status of a private tutoring for college students using the Youth Panel data from 2007 (the first year survey) to 2010 (the fourth year survey) collected by Korea Employment Information Service (KEIS). On the basis of 3,045 undergraduate and graduate students who was responded to the first year survey, 2,514 of the second year, 2,384 students of the third year, and 2,407 of the forth year response data were analyzed. As a result, from 14.5% in 2010 to 22.6% in 2007 of respondents were experienced private tutoring to prepare for the examination or to get a job. Moreover, total average monthly tutoring expenses were from 252,000 won to 282,000 won per student who was experienced private tutoring. In addition, about 50% of undergraduate and graduate students who spent private tutoring expenses to prepare for the examination were preparing examination for national and professional qualifications. About 50% of undergraduate and graduate students who spent private tutoring expenses to get a job were taking private tutoring for English tests. On the other hand, profiles for each year were analyzed in order to identify annual spending patterns for private tutoring types. Longitudinal-profile analyses were also conducted to check the patterns of changes from the first year to the forth year
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