METHOD FOR GROUND SHADOW REDUCTION IN SPORT VIDEO

본 발명은 운동경기 비디오에서의 그라운드 그림자 감소방법에 관한 것으로, 운동경기 비디오의 시청 경험 향상을 위한 그라운드 그림자를 감소하는 방법으로서, 상기 운동경기 비디오의 각 영상 프레임 내에서 RGB 값을 이용하여 그라운드 존재여부를 판단하는 단계와, 상기 그라운드가 존재하는 영상 프레임을 n×n 블록으로 나누어 그라운드 블록 맵을 구축하는 단계와, 상기 구축된 그라운드 블록 맵의 시간적 불연속성을 체크하여 샷 경계를 검출하는 단계와, 상기 검출된 샷 경계에서 원거리 또는 비 원거리 샷을 판정하는 단계와, 상기 원거리 샷으로 판정되면, 해당 영상 프레임 내에 그림자 영역이 존재하는지 판별하는 단계와, 상기 그림자 영역이 존재할 경우, 해당 영상 프레임 내의 YU 값을 이용하여 그림자 영역을 추출하는 단계와, 상기 추출된 그림자 영역 내에서 그림자 성분의 세기에 따라 제1 및 제2 그림자 영역으로 분류하고, 상기 분류된 제1 및 제2 그림자 영역의 강도에 따라 밝기를 조절하여 그림자 성분을 감소시키는 단계를 포함함으로써, 사용자에게 보다 나은 시청 환경을 제공해 줄 수 있는 효과가 있다

Histologic change of the posterior attachment in anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint - a new model of internal derangement in rabbits

This paper describes a new method to create an animal model for TMJ internal derangement in the New Zealand white rabbits and the light and electron microscopical changes of posterior attachment of them. Twenty six rabbits(2.5-3.0kg), four normal and twenty two experimental, were used. The right disc of experimental animal was displaced anteriorly without sectioning the posterior attachment and tied to the zygomatic arch with nylon not to be reduced to the original position. The left TMJ was sham-operated to be compared with its right experimental one. Normal animals were sacrificed one day and eight weeks after experiment. Experimental animals were sacrificed one day, ten days, three weeks, five weeks and eight weeks after surgery respectively. They were fixed intravenously with 2% glutaldehyde under general anesthesia and the samples of them were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. The purpose of this experiment is to make a suitable animal model of disc displacement without reduction for studying and understanding the cellular and morphologic events in posterior attachment of TMJ including early changes which were difficult to be observed in human TMJs. The results of this investigation suggest the following conclusions : 1. Authors induced anterior disc displacement surgically in rabbits with new method to examine histologic changes of posterior attachment. Tissue reactions of this model seem to be similar to those observed in human disc displacement. We think this animal model for anterior disc displacement may be used to explore and evaluate objectively the effects of many treatment modalities in disc displacements. 2. The animal disease model showed inflammation at early stage(one and ten days). At this stage there were mild-to-severe mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, numerous newly formed vessels, vessel dilatation and engormement and many fibroblasts. 3. At middle stage(three weeks), fibrosis occurred, where fibroblasts decreased in number, but their cytoplasm was profuse indicating high activity. Collagen fibers increased in number and the tissue looked more dense. 4. At late stage(five weeks and eight weeks) showed degenerative changes including perforation of posterior attachment, disintegration of collagen fiber bundles, degeneration of fibroblasts, metastatic ossification, and dystrophic calcification

depth estimation in 2D images and soccer videos

학위논문(석사) - 한국정보통신대학교 : 공학부, 2008.2, [ viii, 54 p. ]With the development of 3DTV technologies, the demand for 3D contents is increasing. Thus, the technique that converts two dimensional (2D) images to three dimensional (3D) images has become a big demand since there exist a number of images and videos captured in a conventional way. In this thesis, with introducing the related works for the stereoscopic conversion, we propose two novel stereoscopic conversion methods: one for static images which contain low depth of field and the other for common 2D soccer videos. The stereoscopic conversion of 2D images is straightforward once a depth map is provided. For the low depth of field images, we generate the depth map by extracting foreground regions through spatial-frequency components analysis on the image. For 2D soccer videos, we devise methods to generate the depth map which are different to shot types classified by soccer video analysis. In the long shot case, the depth map is generated with the assumption that the lower area in a frame is closer to viewers than the upper one is. For non-long shot case, we estimate the foreground region through skin color detection. In experimental results for each section, we present some pictorial results generated by our proposed algorithm, and subjective evaluation comparing the input videos and corresponding stereoscopic videos indicates that the proposed algorithm can yield the sense of depth from a single view images.한국정보통신대학교 : 공학부

2D-to-3D Stereoscopic conversion: Depth estimation in monoscopic soccer videos

본 논문에서는 일반 단일 시점의 축구 비디오를 스테레오스코픽 영상으로 변환하는 방법을 제안한다. 축구 비디오 분석 과정을 통하여 축구 비디오를 일정한 종류의 샷으로 분류하고, 분류된 샷 종류에 따른 깊이지도 생성 방법을 제안한다. 원거리 샷의 경우에는 운동장 영역 추출을 통하여 운동장 영역에 깊이지도 (Depth Map)을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 비 원거리 샷의 경우, 운동장 영역 블록 수와, 간단한 피부색 발견 알고리즘을 통해 생성한 스킨 블록의 수에 따라 다시 3가지로 샷을 분류하고, 각 종류의 샷에 따른 깊이지도 생성 방식 1) 오브젝트 영역 추출을 통한 깊이지도 생성, 2) 스킨 블록을 이용한 전경 영역 추출과 가우시안 함수를 이용한 깊이지도 생성, 그리고 3) 스킨블록이 없는 상황에서의 깊이지도 생성 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 통하여 생성한 깊이 지도를 이용하여, 스테레오스코픽 영상을 생성하는 방법을 소개하고, 생성한 실험 영상을 결과로 제공한다. 그리고 주관적 깊이감 품질 평가를 통해서, 제안된 방법을 통해 생성된 영상이 원본 영상에 비해 깊이감이 향상됨을 증명한다

Sinus floor grafting using calcium phosphate nano-crystal coated xenogenic bone and autologous bone

Purpose: Rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants often poses difficulty because of insufficient bone volume caused by pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and by crestal bone resorption. Sinus grafting technique was developed to increase the vertical height to overcome this problem. The present study was designed to evaluate the sinus floor augmentation with anorganic bovine bone (Biocera TM) using histomorphometric and clinical measures. Patients and methods: Thirteen patients were involved in this study and underwent total 14 sinus lift procedures. Residual bone height was ≥2mm and ≤6mm. Lateral window approach was used, with grafting using Bio-cera™ only(n=1) or mixed with autogenous bone from ramus and/or maxillary tuberosity(n=13). After 6 months of healing, implant sites were created with 3mm diameter trephine and biopsies taken for histomorphometric analysis. The parameters assessed were area fraction of new bone, graft material and connective tissue. Immediate and 6 months after grafting surgery, and 6 months after implantation, computed tomography (CT) was taken and the sinus graft was evaluated morphometric analysis. After implant installation at the grafted area, the clinical outcome was checked. Results: Histomorphometry was done in ten patients. Bio-cera™ particles were surrounded by newly formed bone. The graft particles and newly formed bone were surrounded by connective tissue including small capillaries in some fields. Imaging processing revealed 24.86±7.59% of new bone, 38.20±13.19% connective tissue, and 36.92±14.51% of remaining Bio-cera™ particles. All grafted sites received an implant, and in all cases sufficient bone height was achieved to install implants. The increase in ridge height was about 15.9±1.8mm immediately after operation (from 13mm to 19mm). After 6 months operation, ridge height was reduced about 11.5±13.5%. After implant installation, average marginal bone loss after 6 months was 0.3±0.15mm. Conclusion: Bio-cera™ showed new bone formation similar with Bio-Oss histomorphometrically and appeared to be an effective bone substitute in maxillary sinus augmentation procedure with the residual bone height from 2 to 6mm.N