Evolutionary Concept Analysis of Spirituality

Purpose : This study was done to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of spirituality. Methods : Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze fifty seven studies from the literature related to spirituality as it appears in systematic literature reviews of theology, medicine, counseling & psychology, social welfare, and nursing. Results : Spirituality was found to consist of two dimensions and eight attributes: 1) vertical dimension: ‘intimacy and connectedness with God’ and ‘holy life and belief’, 2) horizontal dimension: ‘self-transcendence’, ‘meaning and purpose in life’, ‘self-integration’, and ‘self-creativity’ in relationship with self, ‘connectedness’ and ‘trust’ in relationship with others·neighbors·nature. Antecedents of spirituality were socio-demographic, religious, psychological, and health related characteristics. Consequences of spirituality were positive and negative. Being positive included ‘life centered on God’ in vertical dimension, and among horizontal dimension ‘joy’, ‘hope’, ‘wellness’, ‘inner peace’, and ‘self-actualization’ in relationship with self, ‘doing in love’ and ‘extended life toward neighbors and the world’ in relationship with others·neighbors·nature. Being negative was defined as having ‘guilt’, ‘inner conflict’, ‘loneliness’, and ‘spiritual distress’. Facilitators of spirituality were stressful life events and experiences. Conclusion : Spirituality is a multidimensional concept. Unchangeable attributes of spirituality are ‘connectedness with God’, ‘self-transcendence’, ‘meaning of life’ and ‘connectedness with others·nature’. Unchangeable consequences of spirituality are ‘joy’ and ‘hope’. The findings suggest that the dimensional framework of spirituality can be used to assess the current spiritual state of patients. Based on these results, the development of a Korean version of the scale measuring spirituality is recommended.ope

Association among Health Behaviors, Occupational Stress and Obesity of Male Army Officers

Purpose: This cross-sectional study identifies the relationship among health behaviors, occupational stress and obesity of Korean male army officers. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to assess general characteristics, health behaviors, and occupational stress; physiological measurement was conducted to survey the participants` body mass index and waist circumference. Participants were 140 Korean army officers recruited from four army units. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN Statistics 21.0. Results: The prevalence ratios of obesity and of abdominal obesity were 42.1% and 28.1%, respectively. Health behavior outcome came out high while occupational stress was low. Exercise and relaxation were the health behaviors related to obesity whereas ingestion of natural food was the health behavior associated with abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The results highlight that development of continuous obesity management program for male army officers is necessary in order to decrease the prevelence ratio of obesity. Furthermore, an effective obesity management strategy, as part of the army health policy, is firmly in demand.ope

Relationship among Dementia Knowledge, Attitude, and Care Burden of Nurses in Center for Dementia

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among dementia knowledge, attitude and care burden of nurses in center for dementia. A total of 101 nurses in center for dementia filled out the structure questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The mean score of dementia knowledge was $18.14{\pm}1.09$ out of 20, and the mean of dementia attitude, care burden were $153.07{\pm}.76$ out of $266, 8.01{\pm}7.09$ out of 64 respectively. There was a significant correlation between care burden and dementia attitude(r=.25, p<.05) and dementia knowledge(r=-.32, p<.001). The results suggest that it is necessary to provide continuos education and support to improve dementia knowledge and change dementia attitude positively of nurses in order to reduce care burden of nurses in center for dementia.ope

Concept Analysis of Illness Acceptance in Chronic Disease: Application of Hybrid Model Method

Purpose This study was done clarify the concept of illness acceptance in patients with chronic disease. Methods This study was conducted using a hybrid model of concept analysis that consists of three phases. In the theoretical phase, a working definition was formulated through a systematic review. In the fieldwork phase, five participants who had diabetes or hypertension for at least one year were interviewed. In the third phase, the results were combined in the final analysis. Results There are three phases of accepting an illness: experiencing the limits, disease management, and designing new life. At the experience of the limits and disease management stages, the attributes of physical, psychological and social domains were derived, but at the stage of designing their new life, integrated attributes of these three domains were derived. Conclusion Illness acceptance of chronic disease was defined as a continuous and dynamic process in three phases. First, patients experience limitations due to the disease, such as physical illness, psychological instability, and difficulty performing social roles. Second, patients manage the disease by engaging in self-management, psychological coping strategies, and establishing social support. Third, patients design their new life by seeking better health-related quality of life and integrating the illness into their everyday life. However, patients experienced negative changes when disease management was not performed properly. The fact that illness acceptance could be cyclic means the difference between illness and loss/death acceptance. Nurse should develop and provide an integrated nursing intervention that is appropriate for phases of illness acceptance.ope

Concept Analysis of Female Sexual Subjectivity based on Walker and Avant's Method

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of female sexual subjectivity. Methods: Walker and Avant's concept analysis process was used to analyze 27 studies from the current literature that relates to female sexual subjectivity. A systematic literature review of women's study in sociology, psychology, theology, law, health science, and nursing was reviewed. Results: The defining attributes of female sexual subjectivity were sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire, and good sexual communication with partner. The antecedents of female sexual subjectivity were social environment, sexual education, sexual experience, and interpersonal relationship. The consequences of female sexual subjectivity were safe sex, prevention of sexual victimization, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Female sexual subjectivity is defined as sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire to seek sexual pleasure and safety, and effective communication with partner in terms of sexual behavior, sexual experience and sexual health. Based on these results, a scale measuring female sexual subjectivity is needed.ope

The job analysis of Korean nurses as a strategy to improve the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination

PURPOSE: This study aimed at characterizing Korean nurses' occupational responsibilities to apply the results for improvement of the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination. METHODS: First, the contents of nursing job were defined based on a focus group interview of 15 nurses. Developing a Curriculum (DACOM) method was used to examine those results and produce the questionnaire by 13 experts. After that, the questionnaire survey to 5,065 hospital nurses was done. RESULTS: The occupational responsibilities of nurses were characterized as involving 8 duties, 49 tasks, and 303 task elements. Those 8 duties are nursing management and professional development, safety and infection control, the management of potential risk factors, basic nursing and caring, the maintenance of physiological integrity, medication and parenteral treatments, socio-psychological integrity, and the maintenance and improvement of health. CONCLUSION: The content of Korean Nursing Licensing Examination should be improved based on 8 duties and 49 tasks of the occupational responsibilities of Korean nurses.ope

Risk Factors leading to Accidents associated with the use of Physical Restraints in Nursing Homes

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A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties of Spirituality related Assessment Tools Published in Korean Journals

J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs > Volume 28(1); 2021 > Article Original Article J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs 2021; 28(1): 133-148. Published online: February 26, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2021.28.1.133 국내 학술지에 게재된 영성 관련 측정도구의 측정속성: 체계적 문헌고찰 고일선1), 김진숙2), 최소영3) 1)전 연세대학교 간호대학 교수 2)우송대학교 간호학과 교수 3)펜실베이니아주립대학교 간호대학 대학원생 A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties of Spirituality related Assessment Tools Published in Korean Journals Il-Sun Ko1), Jin Sook Kim2), Soyoung Choi3) 1)Former Professor, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul 2)Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea 3)Graduate Student, College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA Corresponding author: Kim, Jin Sook https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7649-6979 Department of Nursing, Woosong University 171 Dongdaejeon-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34606, Korea Tel: +82-42-630-9294, Fax: +82-42-630-9299, E-mail: [email protected] *This study was supported by the Research Grant of College of Nursing, Yonsei University in 2016 (NO: 6-2016-0150). *본 연구는 2016년도 연세대학교 간호대학 학과연구지원에 의해 수행되었음(과제번호: 6-2016-0150). Received July 30, 2020 Revised November 13, 2020 Accepted February 2, 2021 © 2021 Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of spirituality-related assessment tools published in Korean journals. Methods The databases used to search the literature reporting use of the spirituality-related assessment tools were RISS, NDSL, DBpia, KoreaMed, and KISS. The quality of the measurement properties was evaluated based on the reported internal consistency, content validity, criterion validity, construct validity, reproducibility, responsiveness, floor-ceiling effects and interpretability based on the tools review criteria suggested by Terwee et al. Results Twenty-five assessment tools (including 7 original Korean versions) were identified from the 208 Korean studies published up to November, 2016. All of the 25 tools reported internal consistency and content validity; construct validity was reported in 21 tools while only six tools had reported on criterion validity. None of the studies reported on the reproducibility, responsiveness, and floor-ceiling effects. Among 25 spirituality-related assessment tools, the spiritual well-being scale was identified as the most commonly used tool for spirituality assessment. Conclusion Among 25 spirituality-related assessment tools used in Korean studies, all of them satisfied only three criteria out of the eight criteria for measurement properties, internal consistency, content validity, and interpretability. The results of this study provide evidence to develop reliable and valid tools that will satisfy the criteria for measurement properties. In addition, standardized, reliable, and valid assessment tools must be chosen for spirituality-related study.ope

척수손상 환자의 자가관리 역량과 사회적 지지가 자가관리 이행에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify how self-care agency and social support influence self-care practices among spinal cord injured patients. Methods: 106 spinal cord injured patients were recruited from April 12 to May 28, 2016. Structured questionnaires used were the Korean version of the Appraisal of the Self-Care Agency Scale Revised (ASAS-R), the Social Support Scale, and the Spinal Cord Injury Lifestyle Scale (SCILS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Self-care practices had a significant association with self-care agency (β=.30, p=.002), social support (β=.24, p=.010), and monthly income (β=.18, p=.038). A total of 21.5% of the variance explained the self-care practice among spinal cord injured patients and was explained by self-care agency, social support, and monthly income. The self-care agency was the factor most influential on self-care practices among spinal cord injured patients explaining 15.4% of variance. Conclusion: The result suggests that developing strategies enhance spinal cord injured patients’ self-care agency and self-care practices.ope

Concept Analysis of Spiritual Distress in Cancer Patients Using a Hybrid Model

Purpose This study was intended to clarify the concept of spiritual distress in cancer patients using the hybrid model of Schwarz-Barcott and Kim. Methods The hybrid model was used to clarify the dimension, attributes, and definition of spiritual distress. In the theoretical phase, a systemic literature review of nursing and other disciplines was conducted. In the fieldwork phase, individual in-depth interviews were held with six cancer patients. In the final analytic phase, the results of the theoretical and fieldwork phases were integrated after comparing and reviewing. Results The concept of spiritual distress was analyzed in three domains: a changed relationship with God, a changed relationship with the self, and a changed relationship with others. Also, 10 attributes were clarified. The changed relationship with God domain had two attributes: “low connectedness in relationship with God” and a “feeling of guilt”. The changed relationship with the self domain had five attributes: “loss of self-identity”, “changed meaning of life”, “loss of inner peace”, “dwelling on the cause of unsloved suffering”, and “avoidance of confronting death”. The changed relationship with others domain had three attributes: “shrunk relationships”, “the feeling of being unloved and unforgivable”, and “burden on family”. Conclusion The concept of spiritual distress in patients with cancer encompasses multidimensional domains and 10 attributes. To assess spiritual distress in patients with cancer based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to develop a suitable spiritual distress assessment scale.ope