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    Measurement of creatine kinase reaction rate in cerebrum using 31-phosphorus magnetization transfer approach in magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν˜‘λ™κ³Όμ • 인지과학전곡, 2014. 8. μ΄λ™μ˜.μ„œλ‘ : 아데노신 삼인산(ATP, adenosine triphosphate)의 ν•©μ„±κ³Ό λΆ„ν•΄λŠ” 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λŒ€μ‚¬ ν™œλ™μ— ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 과정이닀. 특히, ν¬λ ˆμ•„ν‹΄ν‚€λ‚˜μ œ(CK, creatine kinase) λ°˜μ‘μ€ μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ ATPλ₯Ό ν•©μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ μ•ˆμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŒ€μ‚¬κ°€ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€. 졜근 λ°œν‘œλœ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ‡Œ λ‚΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŒ€μ‚¬ μ €ν•˜μ™€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹ κ²½, μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜κ³Όμ˜ 상관관계가 μ•Œλ €μ§€λ©΄μ„œ, μ‚¬λžŒμ—μ„œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŒ€μ‚¬ νš¨μ†Œμ˜ ν™œμ„±λ„ 츑정에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 관심을 λ°›κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, 아직 κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 인(31P, phosphorus) μžν™” 전이(MT, magnetization transfer) 자기곡λͺ… λΆ„κ΄‘μ˜μƒ(MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy)을 μœ„ν•œ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ΄ μ •λ¦½λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œλŠ” ν•΅μžκΈ°κ³΅λͺ…(NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance) system λ˜λŠ” Siemens Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system을 μœ„ν•œ 섀정이 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄ 연ꡬ가 진행 μ€‘μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, Philips MRI Systemμ—μ„œλŠ” 아직 ν‘œμ€€μ μΈ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ΄ μ„€μ •λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ³„λ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ νŠΉμ„±μ΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ μ„€μ •ν•œ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” Philips MRI systemμ—μ„œ 31P MT MRSλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ 정상 μ„±μΈμ—μ„œ CKλ°˜μ‘ 속도 μƒμˆ˜ kfλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³ , μΈ‘μ •μ—μ˜ 타당성을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ—¬ λ‡Œ λ‚΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŒ€μ‚¬ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„ λΉ„μΉ¨μŠ΅μ μ΄κ³  μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 평가할 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법둠을 κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 방법: Philips Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systemμ—μ„œ 31P volume head coil을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ MT MRSμ—μ„œ 정상 μƒνƒœ(steady-state) 포화 방법둠을 톡해 CK λ°˜μ‘μ†λ„ kfλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ±΄κ°•ν•œ 성인 19λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , κ·Έ 쀑 6λͺ…μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ μ „ 포화(pre-saturation) νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„° 값을 μ„€μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 13λͺ…μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ°Έμ—¬μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ, μ„€μ •λœ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ 톡해 31P MT MRSμŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλΌ(spectra)λ₯Ό νšλ“ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , ν¬μŠ€ν¬ν¬λ ˆμ•„ν‹΄(PCr, phosphocreatine)의 μ—­μ „ 회볡(inversion recovery)λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ T1μ΄μ™„μ‹œκ°„(relaxation time)을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ kf값을 κ³„μ‚°ν–ˆλ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό: Ξ³-ATP (gamma-ATP)λ₯Ό ν¬ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ „ 포화 νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„°λŠ”, 상쇄 주파수(offset frequency)λ₯Ό -94(Hz), 진동 각(pulse angle)을 3000, μ‹ ν˜Έμ§€μ†μ‹œκ°„(window)을 1(Hz), μ‹ ν˜Έ 평균 횟수(NSA, number of signal average)λ₯Ό 64으둜 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. T1 μ΄μ™„μ˜μƒμ„ νšλ“ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ 지점을 각 55, 661, 1464, 2653, 5000(ms)으둜 λ‹€μ„― 개λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •λœ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ˜ 총 μ΄¬μ˜μ‹œκ°„μ€ 37λΆ„2μ΄ˆμ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œν•œ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ 톡해 μΈ‘μ •ν•œ 평균 T1 μ΄μ™„μ‹œκ°„μ€ 0.48(ν‘œμ€€νŽΈμ°¨ 0.05)(s-1)μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 평균 kf값은 0.28(ν‘œμ€€νŽΈμ°¨ 0.07)μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 평균 μˆ˜μ†Œμ΄μ˜¨λ†λ„μ§€μˆ˜(pH)λŠ” 7.04(ν‘œμ€€νŽΈμ°¨ 0.04), 평균 λ§ˆκ·Έλ„€μŠ˜μ΄μ˜¨λ†λ„μ§€μˆ˜(pMg)λŠ” 4.46(ν‘œμ€€νŽΈμ°¨ 0.27)μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 값듀은 μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°’κ³Ό μΌκ΄€λœ 결과둜 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 개발된 ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ΄ 타당함을 μž…μ¦ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ³ μ°°: λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ„€μ •ν•œ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 비ꡐ적 짧은 μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ— νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ 츑정이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 졜초둜 Philips Magnetic Resonance Systemμ—μ„œ 31P 코일을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‡Œ λ‚΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŒ€μ‚¬ 연ꡬ 방법둠을 ν™•λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€μŒμ— κ·Έ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ν–₯ν›„ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŒ€μ‚¬μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 원인을 규λͺ…ν•˜κ³  치료효과λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” 데에 이용 될 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.Introduction: The synthesis and decomposition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential processes for the energy metabolism of organisms. In particular, the creatine kinase (CK) reaction rapidly synthesizes ATP andenables stable energy metabolism. Recent studies have reported relationships between brain energy metabolism and neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, contributing to growing interest in the field. Thus, the current study aimed to validate a noninvasive and direct methodology to evaluate the efficiency of brain energy metabolism, by measuring the forward transition rate constant (kf) of the CK reaction through phosphorus (31P) magnetization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MT-MRS). Method:Using the steady-state saturation MT-MRS method, the kfvalues from 19 participants were measured with a 31P volume head coil in a Philips magnetic resonance system. Among the participants, 6 participants participated in an experiment to set up the protocols for pre-saturation parameters. Subsequently, the 31P MT-MRS spectra were obtained from 13 participants by using the established protocols. The kf values were calculated from the T1 relaxation time measured by using the inversion recovery of phosphocreatine. Results: The following parameters were set up in order to saturate the peak of Ξ³-ATP (gamma-ATP): offset frequency = -94 Hzpulse angle = 3000 degreewindow = 1 Hznumber of signal average (NSA) = 64. For the T1 relaxation protocols, 5 time points including 55, 661, 1464, 2653, and 5000 milliseconds were chosen. The total scanning time of the finally established protocol was 37 minutes and 2 seconds. The mean T1 relaxation time was 0.48(s-1) (standard deviation, SD=0.05). The mean kfwas measured as 0.28 (SD = 0.07) in the current study. The mean values of pH and pMg were 7.04 (SD=0.04) and 4.46 (SD=0.27), respectively. As these values are consistent with those from previous studies, the validity of the currently proposed novel protocol has been affirmed. Discussion: Using the new protocols set up in the current study, to obtain a valid measure of kfin a relatively short period of time has become possible. The present study is the first South Korean study which has validated a research methodology to study brain energy metabolites with a 31P volume coil in an magnetic resonance system. The current results may constructively contribute to the investigation ofthe cause of psychiatric disorders related to energy metabolism and the assessment of treatment effectiveness in the future.μ„œλ‘  1 연ꡬ방법 20 κ²°κ³Ό 34 κ³ μ°° 49 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 59 영문초둝 65Maste

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 생λͺ…κ³Όν•™λΆ€, 2011.8. ν™©λ•μˆ˜.Docto

    士倧倫 θ‡ͺε‚³ 瑏穢

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ΅­μ–΄κ΅­λ¬Έν•™κ³Ό ꡭ문학전곡,2003.Maste
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