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    ๊ฒฐ๋น™-ํ•ด๋™์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋‚ด ์šฉ์กด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์˜ค๋Šฅํ™˜.๊ทœ์‚ฐ์•”์˜ ํ’ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹ด์ˆ˜๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์–‘์†Œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ’ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ ์‹œ, ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘ ๋‚ด ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋‚ด ๊ทœ์†Œ์˜ ๋†๋„ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์œก์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋‚ด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„ ์ธก์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์ด๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ์ด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋น™-ํ•ด๋™์ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก, ์˜จ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ•˜์ฒœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ, ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด ์˜๊ตฌ ๋™ํ† ์ธต ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์–ผ์Œ์๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ์ง€์—ญ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 1ํšŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ํšŒ ๊ฒฐ๋น™-ํ•ด๋™ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„์™€ ICP-OES๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์˜ ์Šค๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน๋‹ค์‚ฐ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ์กด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„์™€ ICP-OES๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 1.9 mg-Si L-1๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ 1ํšŒ ๊ฒฐ๋น™์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 100%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„ ์ธก์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ICP-OES ์ธก์ •์น˜์™€ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„ ์ธก์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ•˜์ฒœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1ํšŒ ๊ฒฐ๋น™-ํ•ด๋™ ์‹œ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ 60%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๋น™์ด ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œICP-OES ์ธก์ •์น˜์™€ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„ ์ธก์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 56.5%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ์ง€์—ญ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์ „ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 2.7~4.8 mg-Si L-1์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋˜ ์˜๊ตฌ๋™ํ† ์ธต ๋‚ด ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์ดํ›„ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 87%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์–ผ์Œ์๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 1.0 mg-Si L-1๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„ ์ธก์ •์น˜์™€ ICP-OES ์ธก์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์ดํ›„์— ์ธก์ •์น˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์ง€์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋†๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ICP-OES์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๋น™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋ถ๊ทน๋‹ค์‚ฐ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 1/3์˜ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ICP-OES ์ธก์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„ ์ธก์ •์น˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œ ์•ฝ 93% ์ด์ƒ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๋น™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ICP-OES๋กœ๋„ ์ธก์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทœ์†Œ ํ•จ์œ  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๊ฒฐ๋น™-ํ•ด๋™ ํšŸ์ˆ˜, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด ๊ทœ์†Œ ํ•จ์œ  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜, ๊ฒฐ๋น™ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธด ํ•œ๋Œ€ โ€ข ๊ทน์ง€ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์†Œ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œก์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ์•”์ด ํ’ํ™”๋  ๋•Œ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘์—์„œ ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฆ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์ด ๊ณผ์†Œ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.1 ์„œ๋ก  1 2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ 5 2.1 ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ(metasilicate) ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์‹คํ—˜ . 5 2.2 ์˜จ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ•˜์ฒœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šฉ์กด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์‹คํ—˜ . 6 2.3 ๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ์ง€์—ญ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด ์šฉ์กด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์‹คํ—˜ . 8 2.4 ์šฉ์กด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„์™€ ์ฃผ์š” ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„ 12 3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 13 3.1 ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก 1ํšŒ ๊ฒฐ๋น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 13 3.2 ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๊ฒฐ๋น™-ํ•ด๋™ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์‹คํ—˜์‹œ ๋†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” . 15 3.3 ๊ฒฐ๋น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ์› ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 16 3.3.1 ๋งค ์ฃผ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ ์˜จ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์‹คํ—˜ 16 3.3.2 ๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ์ง€์—ญ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋น™ ์‹คํ—˜ 17 3.4 ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„์™€ ICP-OES ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์˜ ๋น„๊ต 19 3.4.1 ์˜จ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก 1ํšŒ ๊ฒฐ๋น™-ํ•ด๋™ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋น„๊ต 19 3.4.2 ๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์‹คํ—˜ . 22 4 ํ† ์˜ 26 4.1 ๊ฒฐ๋น™์ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด ๋‹จํ˜•์ฒด ๊ทœ์†Œ์˜ ๋†๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ . 26 4.2 ๊ฒฐ๋น™์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด ์šฉ์กด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ . 28 4.3 ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋น™์ด ์ƒ‰๋„๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ICP-OES ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ . 30 4.4 ํ•˜์ฒœ ์šฉ์กด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๋†๋„์™€ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ํƒ„์†Œ ์ˆœํ™˜ 33 5 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  34 *๋ถ€๋ก 36 *์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 41 *Abstract 47Maste

    ใ€ŒๅŠŸ่‡ฃๆœƒ็›Ÿ้Œ„ใ€ ๊ณผ ใ€Œๅฟ ๅ‹ณๅบœ่ฌ„้Œ„ใ€ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” 17-18์„ธ๊ธฐ ๅŠŸ่‡ฃๅฎถ์˜ ์ธ์  ๊ณ„์Šน ์–‘์ƒ

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    ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ํšŒ๋งน๋ก ๊ณผ ์ถฉํ›ˆ๋ถ€๋“ฑ๋ก ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 17-18์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๊ณ„์Šน ์–‘ ์ƒ์„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธ์กฐ-์˜์กฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑฐํ–‰๋œ ๊ณต์‹ ํšŒ๋งน์ œ์—๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ์˜ ์ ์žฅ์žใ†์ค‘์žใ†์ ์žฅ์†์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ ์žฅ ์ž์†์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์€ 93.4%์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ ์žฅ ์ž์†์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ ์žฅ์ž์—์„œ ์ ์žฅ์†, ์ ์žฅ์†์—์„œ ์ ์žฅ์†, ๊ณ„์ ์žฅ์ž์† ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ ์žฅ์ž์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ ์žฅ์ž์†์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ ์žฅ์ž์†์œผ ๋กœ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด๋Š” ํ™˜๊ด€ ์ถœ์‹  ๊ณต์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๊ณ„์Šน ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ ์žฅ์ž์—์„œ ์ ์žฅ์†, ์ ์žฅ์†์—์„œ ์ ์žฅ์†์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ 60%๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์žฅ์ž๊ณ„์Šน์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 40%๋Š” ์ ์žฅ์ž๊ณ„์Šน์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ ์–ด๋„ 1๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ ็ตถๅ—ฃ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž…ํ›„, ์ ์†์Šน์ค‘, ํ˜•๋ง์ œ๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2018๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NRF-2018S1A5B5A02029084)

    ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์žฅ์• ์˜ ๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ

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    Dept. of Medicine/๋ฐ•์‚ฌResearchers have associated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with aberrant functional connectivity among a number of brain regions. Analysis of functional connectivity in the resting state may provide important evidence in elucidating the pathophysiology of OCD. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether patients with OCD exhibit differences in resting-state functional connectivity when compared to healthy controls using MEG. We recruited 24 patients with OCD (21 males, 3 females), in addition to 22 healthy controls (19 males, 3 females). Prior to our analysis of functional connectivity, we examined group differences in brain activity and oscillatory activity and the association between overall OCD symptom severity and regional oscillatory activity. We utilized the phase locking value (PLV) to examine group differences in functional connectivity between regions of interest and to determine the distribution of functional hubs based on weighted-graph theory. Patients with OCD exhibited significantly reduced phase synchronization in all band frequencies, with the exception of the delta band, when compared with healthy controls. In addition, the OCD group exhibited significantly lower phase synchronization in theta and gamma band frequencies between the left insula and right limbic regions, as well as among left orbitofrontal areas. A similar tendency was observed with respect to alpha and beta band frequencies, though patients with OCD exhibited greater connectivity with lower phase synchrony than healthy controls. We further observed differences in the distribution of the upper functional hubs for each group in all band frequencies. Healthy controls exhibited a greater number of central hubs in the orbitofrontal and left insular regions, whereas patients in the OCD group exhibited additional functional hubs in the temporo-parietal and cingulate regions. The results of the present study indicate that, during the resting state, patients with OCD exhibit lower phase synchronization and fewer functional hubs in ventral areas, including the orbitofrontal, limbic, and insular regions when compared with healthy controls. These findings suggest that reduced functional connectivity in areas of the limbic loop and functionally connected neighboring regions reflect an underlying pathophysiology associated with dysfunction of inhibitory control in patients with OCD.ope

    ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋†์ดŒ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ Bํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์—ญํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต,1998.Maste

    Clustering pattern and familial aggregation of metabolic risk factors among Korean adolescents : findings from the 1998 and 2001 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey

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    Thesis(doctor`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต,2006.Docto

    ์ฐธ์—ฌํ˜• ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ง€์› ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ: 1990๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹œ์• ํ‹€์‹œ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด๋‹ˆ์–ด ์Šคํ€˜์–ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ๋ฐ•์†Œํ˜„.Designation of historic district in urban core helps to conserve physical heritages of city but it does not help to preserve livability of community in the area. To solve social problems and to pursue better neighborhood, local governments have attempted various community development policies. Along increasing interest in public participation policies, this study focuses on participants, initiative, and components of public participated plans The Pioneer Square Historic District in Seattle was designated as the first historic district in the city in 1970. The historic district has been recognized as an exemplary historic districts in the United States. The City of Seattle has applied various programs and plans which influence the Pioneer Square Historic District in many ways. In 1990, Washington Stated Legislature enacted Growth Management Act and in the same year the City of Seattle created the Department of Neighborhood. With those two appliances, the Pioneer Square Planning Committee approved Pioneer Square Neighborhood Plan 1998 and a decade later, in 2010, Pioneer Square 2015: A Strategy for Seattles First Neighborhood was adopted. In this study application of these two plan in the Pioneer Square Historic District is compared and is analyzed. Documents from Seattle City Archive were reviewed with other literatures about the 1998 Plan and the 2015 Strategy as well as other community development policies and historic preservation policies. From 1950s to 1980s, the Federal government led historic preservation and community development with abundant amount of funding. After the 1980s, autonomy of State and local governments grew and initiative changed from the federal to local. Among various similarities between two plans, there are noticeable changes. First, the initiative stakeholder changes from government to citizen. Both plans are known for bottom-up plan making process. However, the 1998 plan was derived by the Growth Management Act and its derivate plans โ€“ King County Countywide Policies, Seattle Comprehensive Plans and others, so community members were participated in the process not leading the plan. The 2015 Strategy was initiated by community organizations in the Pioneer Square Historic District. The members of organizations initiated the plan and proposed the plan to the City of Seattle. Second, the contents change from result focused to processes oriented. Components in the 1998 plan does not have much space for community to participate. Mostly the City government projects oriented. However, a big portion of contents of the 2015 Strategy is community meetings among them or with government agencies. Third, the portion of physical components is decreased while the non-physical components are increased. In the 1998, infrastructure and environment improvement projects, and maintenance related elements are the major issues. In 2015, the focus shifted to economy, marketing, image and neighborhoods. For the last, the relation among other programs and department are more emphasized and improved. The significant of this study is traced changes in between two neighborhood plans in Pioneer Square Historic District. Through this change, the change in value among people and growth of community power can be analogized. However, this study could not clearly identify reasons of these changes as well as evaluating two plans.CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Goals and Objectives 1.3 Methods 1.4 Chapter Organization CHAPTER 2: Literature Review 2.1 Historic Preservation 2.2 Community Development and Neighborhood Planning 2.3 Related Policies in Seattle CHAPTER 3: Policies for Historic Presesrvation in Seattle and Pioneer Square Historic District Designation (1950s to 1980s) 3.1 Development of Historic Preservation Policies 3.2 Community Development Programs 3.3 Impacts on Local Planning CHAPTER 4: Local Policies for Pioneer Square Historic District (1990s to 2010s) 4.1 Washington State Growth Management Act 1990 4.2 Development of Neighborhood Plans in Seattle 4.3 Pioneer Square Historic District Plans 4.4 Chapter Conclusion CHAPTER 5: Research Analysis and Findings 5.1. From Public Drive to Citizen Initiate 5.2 From Product-Focused to Process Oriented 5.3 From Physical Issues to Economic and Marketing Issues 5.4 Integration in Local Neighborhood Planning CHAPTER 6: Conclusion Bibliography APPENDIX 1: Neighborhood Matching Fund Projects in Pioneer Square neighborhood (1989-2013) APPENDIX 2: Pioneer Square 2015 Strategy projects list (2010-2013)Maste

    A Study on Design Industry for Making City Brand in Chang-Won

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    CESCO์˜ e-marketing "๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”"

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    ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ํšŒ์‚ฌ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ Q&A ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๋˜ ์ „์ฐฌํ˜ ์ƒ๋ฌด๋Š”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ํ•œ ์ง์›์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ๊ณต์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์—‰๋šฑํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ง์›์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•œ ํ”์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žฌ์น˜์žˆ๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์œ ๋จธ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹๋„ ๊ณ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์˜์•„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ์žก๊ณ  ์ฅ ์žก๋Š” ํ•ด์ถฉ ๋ฐฉ์ œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์   ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์Šค์ฝ” ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ์šฐํ›„์ฃฝ์ˆœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์„ธ์Šค์ฝ”์˜ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆด ์ •๋„์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ . ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „ ์ƒ๋ฌด๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ–ˆ๋˜ 2000๋…„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค
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