Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Spinal Muscle Area in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density (BMD) is known to have a positive correlation with lean body mass. Several studies have also reported the positive correlation between muscle power and BMD. From this point of view, we hypothesized BMD of lumbar spine to have a positive correlation with muscle mass. METHODS: Seventy-nine female patients aged between 60 and 75 years old and who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and BMD studies were included. Muscle mass in spine MRI was defined by the sum of the average muscle area of three axial images for each disc level. Lumbosacral muscle is the sum of paraspinal muscle and psoas muscle. RESULTS: In correlation analysis, paraspinal muscle mass showed positive correlation with BMD of lumbar spine. Lumbosacral muscle mass showed positive correlation with BMD of trochanteric area of the femur. However, BMD of other area showed no significant correlation with muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, postmenopausal women older than 60 years with a well developed spine muscle mass, have a high BMD.ope

PIV Velocity Field Measurements of Flow around a Container Ship Model

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PIV를 이용한 KRISO 3600 TEU 컨테이너선 모형선의 반류 측정 및 해석

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범죄피해 배상제도에 관한 고찰

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 법학과, 2017. 2. 오정후.The Order of compensation system, resolving both civil and criminal legal issue at the same time in criminal prosedure, is a useful method which has several merits by providing one-time solution concerning situation of violation of law. Collateral Action(Adhäsionsverfahren in German) in Germany and the Compensation Order in Japan are equivalent to a civil courts ruling in effect, so they are more powerful than our Order of Compensation. In light of the following reasons Germany provides broad protection for crime victims. Firstly, in German criminal procedure the restoration of damage is regarded crucial. In criminal law, the restitution of victims damage caused by crime is specified as major factor to consider in penalty decision and furthermore, with regard to misdemeanor, the restitution could be taken as penalty exemption factor. Secondly, in Germany, the scope of crime of regarding Collateral Action is not restricted. In U.S.A., it is declared that the collection of restitution is prior to execution of monetary penalty. In addition, government is responsible for supporting the victims by performing the collection of restitution. In Japan, the restitution could be directly paid to victims with funds formed from the confiscated or collected property of criminals, which called the Restitution Money Provision System. In Korea, more attention should be paid to developing more sophisticated method of restitution for victims. In Korea, the Order of Compensation system is not identical to civil proceedings and has institutional limit and time constraints which result in insufficient trial. Therefore, as of now, granting res judicata to the current Order of Compensation in Korea is unrealistic. However, gradual improvement is needed to the Order of Compensation system of Korea. Here are two suggestions that I would like to bring up in order to reform the system and enhance the sufficient trial and revitalize the Order of Compensation System. One is that the provision which mandates the Order of Compensation be declared at the time of sentence needs to be amended toward lessening time constraint of compensation trial. This measure will allow court to review the Order of Compensation case with more sufficient time and to be relieved from time constraint in trial. The other measure is to combine Civil Conciliation System with Order of Compensation case. It will enable more compensation case to be solved with the help of free and active exchange of opinions between criminals and victims. In addition, direct compensation provided by government could be taken into account. Some portion of revenue from fine, confiscation and levy in addition should be incorporated into the special government account and then, government should allot the account subject to compensation or reimbursement for victims. The purpose of overcoming crime in a perfect way could not be achieved just by cracking down criminals. In the end, it could be fully achieved by providing satisfactory compensation to crime victims. At the regard of this, Im looking forward to full restoration from crime damage through improvement of Order of Compensation System and conative and direct intervention of government for compensation of crime damage.第 1 章 序論 1 제 1 절 배상명령제도 개관 1 제 2 절 硏究의 목적 1 第 2 章 各國의 犯罪被害回復 關聯制度 3 제 1 절 독일 3 Ⅰ. 독일 형사법상 피해회복 관련 제도 3 Ⅱ. 독일 형법상 피해회복을 위한 제도 3 Ⅲ. 독일 형사소송법의 부대소송제도 6 Ⅳ. 범죄피해회복에 대한 독일 형사법 체제의 관심 10 제 2 절 일본 11 Ⅰ. 일본 형사법상 피해회복을 위한 제도 11 Ⅱ. 손해배상명령제도 12 Ⅲ. 피해회복급부금지급제도 17 제 3 절 미국 22 Ⅰ. 미국 형사절차에서의 범죄피해자에 대한 관심 22 Ⅱ. 손해배상명령제도 23 제 4 절 범죄피해회복을 위한 각국제도의 특징 30 第 3 章 우리나라의 賠償命令制度 31 제 1 절 우리나라 배상명령제도의 개관 32 Ⅰ. 배상명령제도 개요 32 Ⅱ. 배상명령제도의 내용 33 제 2 절 우리나라 배상명령제도의 한계 47 Ⅰ. 배상명령제도 활용현황 47 Ⅱ. 배상명령제도의 한계 50 제 3 절 기타의 피해자 구조제도 소개 51 Ⅰ. 범죄피해자구조금 제도 51 Ⅱ. 범죄피해자지원센터 56 Ⅲ. 소결 58 第 4 章 賠償命令制度 活性化 方案 59 제 1 절 배상명령제도에 대한 기판력 부여 방안 59 Ⅰ. 배상명령의 효용성 59 Ⅱ. 기판력의 근거 64 Ⅲ. 배상명령사건의 심리에 관한 검토 71 Ⅳ. 외국의 입법례 76 Ⅴ. 배상명령에 기판력 부여 가능성 검토 77 제 2 절 배상명령사건의 충실한 심리방안 78 Ⅰ. 배상신청 사건 심리의 시간적 제한 완화 78 Ⅱ. 민사조정제도의 활용 방안 81 제 3 절 배상명령 대상사건의 확대방안 89 Ⅰ. 외국의 사례 89 Ⅱ. 대상범죄 확대 제안 89 제 4 절 피해자를 위한 책임재산 확보방안 90 Ⅰ. 논의의 필요성 90 Ⅱ. 벌금 등을 재원으로 한 피해자 배상제도 검토 92 第 5 章 結論 96 참고문헌 99Maste

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아연도금강판의 품질향상을 위한 도금욕 내부 유동제어 연구

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